The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene is the essential integrator of flowering regulatory pathways in angiosperms. The paralogs of the FT gene may perform antagonistic functions, as exemplified by BvFT1, that suppresses flowering in Beta vulgaris, unlike the paralogous activator BvFT2. The roles of FT genes in other amaranths were less investigated. Here, we transformed Arabidopsis thaliana with the FLOWERING LOCUS T like (FTL) genes of Chenopodium ficifolium and found that both CfFTL1 and CfFTL2-1 accelerated flowering, despite having been the homologs of the Beta vulgaris floral promoter and suppressor, respectively. The floral promotive effect of CfFTL2-1 was so strong that it caused lethality when overexpressed under the 35S promoter. CfFTL2-1 placed in an inducible cassette accelerated flowering after induction with methoxyphenozide. The spontaneous induction of CfFTL2-1 led to precocious flowering in some primary transformants even without chemical induction. The CqFT2-1 homolog from Chenopodium quinoa had the same impact on viability and flowering as CfFTL2-1 when transferred to A. thaliana. After the FTL gene duplication in Amaranthaceae, the FTL1 copy maintained the role of floral activator. The second copy FTL2 underwent subsequent duplication and functional diversification, which enabled it to control the onset of flowering in amaranths to adapt to variable environments.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Chenopodium * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Flowers genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Arabidopsis Proteins * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation, Plant genetics   MeSH
• Seedlings metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

We report the preparation, characterisation and in vitro tests of hyaluronan fibres containing up to 50 w/w% of temozolomide for local glyoblastoma treatment. These fibres form a hydrogel upon contact with cerebrospinal fluid on the treatment spot.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• Keywords
• neuromodulace,
• MeSH
• Chronic Pain * physiopathology   therapy   MeSH
• Electric Stimulation Therapy * methods   trends   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pain Management methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Neuromodulace je proces, ve kterém několik tříd neurotransmiterů v nervovém systému reguluje různé populace neuronů. Neuromodulace v neurochirurgii je proces, při kterém umělá zařízení ovlivňují nervový systém. V práci jsou popsány základní způsoby neuromodulačních metod pro léčení chronické bolesti. Jedná se o periferní podkožní stimulace (PSFS), periferní nervové stimulace (PNS), stimulace míšní (SCS), stimulace okcipitálního nervu (ONS) a stimulace motorické mozkové kůry (MCS). Historie, patofyziologie, indikace a jednotlivé výsledky jsou podrobně uvedeny. V práci uvádíme budoucí možnosti neuromodulace vycházející z posledních poznatků vědy a výzkumu.

Neuromodulation is the process in which several classes of neurotransmitters in the neurvous system regulate diverse populations of neurons. The neuromodulation in neurosurgery represents the the process in which an artificial devices change the nervous system. The main neurmodulatory methods for the treatment of chronic pain are described, these areperipheral subcutenous field stimulation (PSFS), peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), occipital nerve stimulation (ONS), motor cortex stimulation (MCS). History, pathophysiology, indication and result are described. In the thesis, we present the future possibilities of neuromodulation based on the findings of science and research.

• MeSH
• Electric Stimulation * methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Pain Management * MeSH
• Spinal Cord Stimulation MeSH
• Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The study followed the modelling of postnatal growth of a healthy palate of the Central European (Czech) population sample based on transverse data on sex and age from 6 to 19 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digitised 3D models of 212 healthy palatal surfaces were evaluated using 3D geometric morphometrics and superimpositions. The individuals were grouped based on age (preschool, younger and older school age, younger and older adolescents, young adults) and sex (♂ n = 101, ♀ n = 111). RESULTS: Female palatal development was non-linear and was interrupted between the 10-12 years and then proceeded intensively until the age of 15 when it ceased. In contrast, male-modelled growth was consistent throughout the follow-up and continued linearly until at least 19 years of age. The palate did not widen further with increasing age, and primarily palatal vaulting and heightening were found. The characteristics and distribution of areas with extensive modelled growth changes were comparable in females and males, as confirmed by the location of principal components (PC1 and PC2) within modal space and growth trajectories. The extent of sexual dimorphism increased from 15 years of age due to pubertal spurt combined with earlier completion of palatal development in females. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed modelled healthy palatal development from 6 years of age to early adulthood, which might be utilised as reference standards for the Central European population sample. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The comparison of normal reference subjects with patients with cranio-maxillo-facial dysmorphologies represents the first step in diagnosing and establishing effective therapy.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Face * MeSH
• Palate * MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Publikace je určena široké odborné veřejnosti zabývající se problematikou obchodních společností a dobré správy společností. Důraz klade na compliance a vzájemně tyto oblasti propojuje. Čerpá z praxe.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cerebral hemodynamic, metabolic and anatomic changes occurring in patients with unilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with unilateral occlusion of ICA and twenty age and sex matched healthy subjects were included in the study. Single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of the centrum semiovale, semi-automated hippocampal volumetry in T1-weighted scans and transcranial Doppler examination (TCD) with calculation of Breath Holding Index (BHI) were performed in both groups. Metabolic, anatomic, and hemodynamic features were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/choline (Cho) ratio was significantly lower in both hemispheres of enrolled patients compared to controls (p = 0.005 for the side with occlusion, p = 0.04 for the side without occlusion). The hippocampus volume was significantly reduced bilaterally in patients compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.049). A statistically significant difference in BHI values was observed between the side with occlusion and without occlusion (p = 0.037) of the patients, as well as between BHI values of the side with occlusion and healthy volunteers (p = 0.014). DISCUSSION: Patients with unilateral ICA occlusion have reduced NAA/Cho ratio in the white matter of both hemispheres and have bilateral atrophy of hippocampus. The alteration of hemodynamics alone cannot explain these changes.

• MeSH
• Carotid Artery, Internal * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy MeSH
• Brain MeSH
• Cerebrovascular Circulation MeSH
• Carotid Stenosis * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Transient expression of foreign genes based on plant viral vectors is a suitable system for the production of relevant immunogens that can be used for the development of a new generation of vaccines against a variety of infectious diseases. In the present study the epitope derived from HPV-16 L2 minor capsid protein (amino acids 108-120) was expressed from Potato virus X (PVX)-based vector pGR106 as N- or C-terminal fusion with the PVX coat protein (PVX CP) in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The fusion protein L2 108-120-PVX CP was successfully expressed in plants at a level of 170 mg/kg of fresh leaf tissue. The C-terminal fusion protein PVX CP- L2 108-120 was expressed using mutated vector sequence to avoid homologous recombination at a level of 8 mg/kg of fresh leaf tissue. Immunogenicity of L2 108-120-PVX CP virus-like particles was tested after immunization of mice by subcutaneous injection or tattoo administration. In animal sera the antibodies against the PVX CP and the L2 108-120 epitope were found after both methods of vaccine delivery.

• MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel MeSH
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MeSH
• Epitopes genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Genetic Vectors genetics   MeSH
• Plants, Genetically Modified MeSH
• Immunization MeSH
• Cloning, Molecular MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Plant Leaves metabolism   MeSH
• Mice, Inbred C57BL MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Oligonucleotides genetics   MeSH
• Oncogene Proteins, Viral metabolism   MeSH
• Antibodies, Viral blood   MeSH
• Recombinant Fusion Proteins immunology   metabolism   MeSH
• Nicotiana metabolism   MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron, Transmission MeSH
• Virion immunology   MeSH
• Capsid Proteins metabolism   MeSH
• Blotting, Western MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E7 oncoprotein is a promising candidate for development of anti-cancer therapeutic vaccine. We have prepared the expression construct carrying mutagenized E7 oncoprotein fused to the C-terminus of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) coat protein via 15 amino acids β-sheet linker. The fusion protein was expressed in Escherichia coli MC 1061 cells. We have obtained high level expression, but most of the protein remained in insoluble inclusion bodies. To increase the ratio of soluble protein various molecular chaperones (TF, DnaK-DnaJ-GrpE, GroEL-GroES) were used. The immunological reactivity of expressed recombinant protein was evaluated with anti-E7 and anti-TMV antibodies. The distribution of expressed product during ultracentrifugation on sucrose gradient was studied.

• MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel MeSH
• Escherichia coli genetics   MeSH
• Gene Expression MeSH
• Papillomavirus Infections virology   MeSH
• Cloning, Molecular methods   MeSH
• Rabbits MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Human papillomavirus 16 chemistry   genetics   immunology   MeSH
• Molecular Chaperones chemistry   genetics   MeSH
• Mutagenesis MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Papillomavirus E7 Proteins chemistry   genetics   immunology   MeSH
• Antibodies immunology   MeSH
• Recombinant Fusion Proteins chemistry   genetics   immunology   MeSH
• Solubility MeSH
• Capsid Proteins chemistry   genetics   immunology   MeSH
• Tobacco Mosaic Virus chemistry   genetics   immunology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rabbits MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Snoring * diagnosis   etiology   surgery   complications   pathology   prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Lasers utilization   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Sleep physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Interview MeSH