eoretické poznatky hovoří o širokém spektru potřeb, které se mění v závislosti na zdravotním stavu a délce hospitalizace. Náš výzkum reflektuje subjektivní prožívání hospitalizace u pacientů s tělesným znevýhodněním se zaměřením na věk. Pro zdravotnický personál je přirozené standardně monitorovat zmíněné potřeby u pacientů ve věku 65+, avšak z pohledu pacientů ze skupiny 18–40 let není monitorace standardně prováděna. Pacienti ze skupiny 18–40 let nepovažují některé ze sledovaných potřeb za prioritní a není pro ně zásadní jejich monitorace zdravotnickým personálem. Uspokojení potřeb má vliv na psychický stav i průběh léčby, a proto je u pacientů 65+ více monitorován spánek, vyprazdňování, aktivita, stres, vnímání sama sebe i mezilidských vztahů.
The theoretical knowledge speaks about the wide range of needs that change depends on health condition and length of hospitalization. Our research reflects subjective experience with hospitalization in patients with physical disability focused on their age. It is natural for healthcare professionals to monitor these needs as standard in patients with age 65+, but from the point of view of patients in the 18-40 age group, monitoring is not performer as standard. Patients in the group of 18-40 years of age do not consider some of the monitored need as a priority and their monitoring by medical staff is not essential for them. Needs satisfaction has an effect to the mental condition during the treatment, and therefore sleep, defecation, activity, stress, self-perception, and interpersonal relationships are monitored more in patients 65+.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hospitalizace * MeSH
- kvalita zdravotní péče MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- ošetřovatelská péče MeSH
- péče o sebe MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sebezhodnocení (psychologie) MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death around the world, with highest prevalence reported in minority Roma/Gypsy populations living in developed countries. Whether these differences are caused by unhealthy lifestyles or genetic factors remain unknown. The aim of our study was to examine the genotype frequencies of the rs10757274 polymorphism in the 9p.21 locus within ANRIL (antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus), a long non-coding RNA located in the vicinity of the CDKN2A/2B inhibitors loci. ANRIL is understood to be the strongest genetic determinant of CVD in Caucasians. Using PCR-RFLP, we analysed the ANRIL rs10757274 polymorphism in 298 non-Roma (50% male) and 302 Roma/Gypsy (50% male) adult (39.5 ± 15.1 years and 39.2 ± 12.8 years, respectively) subjects. We found that frequencies of the ANRIL GG, GA and AA genotypes were 20.1%, 52.4% and 27.5% in the majority population and 32.9%, 47.9% and 19.2% in Roma/Gypsy subjects, respectively. The distribution of genotypes was deemed significantly different at P < 0.001. Within the Roma/Gypsy population, we detected increased prevalence of the CVD-associated GG genotype. Increased prevalence of CVD among Roma/Gypsies subjects may be significantly linked to genetic background.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Pain is a medical and nursing problem that is common in surgical departments. Inadequate pain management can lead to patient distress, as well as extending the period in which the patient's quality of life is reduced. The standardized SF-MPQ-2 questionnaire provides nurses with the opportunity to assess pain within a broader context. The aim of this descriptive and exploratory study was to describe the state of pain assessment in surgical patients in the South Bohemian Region and to highlight the benefits of using a standardized tool for proper pain assessment. The research was carried out using a quantitative survey within the South Bohemian Region (Czech Republic). The participants in the study were nurses working in surgical departments in hospitals in the region as well as hospitalized patients. The results show that nurses pay slightly more attention to pain assessments than doctors. We know that, generally, pain decreases with time after surgery. Nonetheless, returning pain, as well as continuous pain, can occur, both of which have an emotional component. The results of this study are directed at nurses and include a call for more effective pain management through improved assessment.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Kardiovaskulární choroby patří k hlavním příčinám úmrtí nejen v mnoha vyspělých zemích, ale i v zemích rozvojových. Podpora zdraví a preventivní činnosti mají ve zdravotnictví významné místo a důležitou roli v ní hraje ošetřovatelství. Hlavním záměrem bylo zmapovat současný stav v oblasti prevence kardiovaskulárních onemocnění z hlediska občanů ve věku 40 let a více.Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo zjistit, jaká je úroveň prevence kardiovaskulárních onemocnění, v čem spočívají největší re-zervy z pohledu občanů a jaké jsou představy o zvýšení účinnosti této prevence z pohledu této cílové skupiny. Cílem studie bylo ověřit českou verzi dotazníku zkrácené verze – 36 (SF-36).Zvolena byla kvantitativní metodologie za použití sady dotazníků, kde část tvořil standardizovaný dotazník RAND 36 – Item Health Survey (SF-36), který je používán ke zjišťování kvality života v souvislosti se zdravím. Česká verze dotazníku byla v roce 2016 ověřována na vzorku 1992 občanů ve věku 40 a více let.Nejlépe je hodnocena občany ČR ve věku 40 a více let dimenze společenského fungování, vysoká je rovněž kvalita jejich života v oblasti emoční (malá míra omezení pro emoční problémy) a fyzické činnosti. Naopak jako horší je hodnocena vitalita (energie/únava) a celkové zdraví. Rozdíly mezi muži a ženami v porovnání jednotlivých dimenzí zdraví jsou minimální. S věkem kvalita života v této oblasti klesá.Česká verze dotazníku Short Form – 36 je v České republice hojně využívána. Validizován byl dotazník teprve u našeho soubo-ru, neboť výzkum byl schopen poskytnout taková primární data, na jejichž základě bylo možné provést statistické výpočty a záro-veň aplikovat příslušná testovací kritéria tak, aby bylo možné vytvořit normy tohoto dotazníku aplikovatelné na české podmínky.
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death in many developed countries as well as developing countries. Health support and preventative activities are significant in health care as well as nursing. The main goal was to map the contemporary state of the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in people at the age of 40 and older. We aimed to find the level of the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the largest drawbacks from the people's point of view, and the people's ideas on how to increase the effectiveness of such prevention. The goal of this study was to verify the Czech version of the shortened version of the SF-36 questionnaire. We used a quantitative methodology with questionnaires. In one part, we used the RAND 36 - Item Health Survey (SF-36) standardized questionnaire, which is used for finding out the quality of life regarding health. The Czech version of this questionnaire was verified in 2016 using 1,992 people at the age of 40 and older. Czech citizens at the age of 40 and older best assessed the social domain. Their quality of life is at a high level regarding the emotional domain (low level of emotional problems). On the contrary, vitality (energy/fatigue) and total health had worse assessments. The differences between men and women regarding individual domains are minimal. With age, the quality of life in this area is lower. The Czech version of the Short Form - 36 questionnaire is used a lot in the Czech Republic. It was validated when it was used in our sample group. The research provided the primary data that allowed statistical calculations and the application of testing criteria so that it was possible to create the norms of this questionnaire that could be applied in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- primární prevence MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Objectives Cytochromes P450 play a role in human drugs metabolic pathways and their genes are among the most variable in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze genotype frequencies of five common polymorphisms of cytochromes P450 in Roma/Gypsy and Czech (non-Roma) population samples with Czech origin. Methods Roma/Gypsy (n=302) and Czech subjects (n=298) were genotyped for CYP1A2 (rs762551), CYP2A6 (rs4105144), CYP2B6 (rs3745274) and CYP2D6 (rs3892097; rs1065852) polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP or Taqman assay. Results We found significant allelic/genotype differences between ethnics in three genes. For rs3745274 polymorphism, there was increased frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (53.1 vs. 43.7%; p=0.02). For rs4105144 (CYP2A6) there was higher frequency of T allele carriers in Roma in comparison with Czech population (68.7 vs. 49.8%; p<0.0001). For rs3892097 (CYP2D6) there was more carriers of the A allele between Roma in comparison with Czech population (39.2 vs. 38.2%; p=0.048). Genotype/allelic frequencies of CYP2D6 (rs1065852) and CYP1A2 (rs762551) variants did not significantly differ between the ethnics. Conclusions There were significant differences in allelic/genotype frequencies of some, but not all cytochromes P450 polymorphisms between the Czech Roma/Gypsies and Czech non-Roma subjects.
- MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A2 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP2D6 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2A6 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- cytochrom P450 CYP2B6 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: The Czech governmental study suggests up to a 25% higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Roma population than within the majority population. It is not known whether and to what extent these differences have a genetic background. METHODS: To analyze whether the frequencies of the alleles/genotypes of the FTO, TCF7L2, CDKN2A/2B, MAEA, TLE4, IGF2BP2, ARAP1, and KCNJ11 genes differ between the two major ethnic groups in the Czech Republic, we examined them in DNA samples from 302 Roma individuals and 298 Czech individuals. RESULTS: Compared to the majority population, Roma are more likely to carry risk alleles in the FTO (26% vs. 16% GG homozygotes, p < .01), IGF2BP2 (22% vs. 10% TT homozygotes, p < .0001), ARAP1 (98% vs. 95% of A allele carriers, p < .005), and CDKN2A/2B (81% vs. 66% of TT homozygotes, p < .001) genes; however, less frequently they are carriers of the TCF7L2 risk allele (34% vs. 48% of the T allele p < .0005). Finally, we found significant accumulation of T2DM-associated alleles between the Roma population in comparison with the majority population (25.4% vs. 15.2% of the carriers of at least 12 risk alleles; p < .0001). CONCLUSION: The increased prevalence of T2DM in the Roma population may have a background in different frequencies of the risk alleles of genes associated with T2DM development.
- MeSH
- adipozita MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev etnologie genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- frekvence genu * MeSH
- genetické lokusy * MeSH
- krevní glukóza analýza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- Romové genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
