AIM: Natural or artificial substances have become an inseparable part of our lives. It is questionable whether adequate testing has been performed in order to ensure these substances do not pose a serious health risk. The principalAIM of our research was to clarify the potential risk of adding essential oils to food, beverages and cosmetic products. METHODS: The toxicity of substances frequently employed in cosmetics, aromatherapy and food industry (bergamot oil, Litsea cubeba oil, orange oil, citral) were investigated using cell line NIH3T3 (mouse fibroblasts) with/without UV irradiation. The MTT assay was used to estimate the cell viability. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are products of a number of natural cellular processes such as oxygen metabolism and inflammation were measured to determine the extent of cellular stress. DNA damage caused by strand breaks was examined by comet assay. RESULTS: MTT test determined EC50 values for all tested substances, varying from 0.0023% v/v for bergamot oil to 0.018% v/v for citral. ROS production measurement showed that UV radiation induces oxidative stress to the cell resulting in higher ROS production compared to the control and non-irradiated samples. Comet assay revealed that both groups (UV, without UV) exert irreversible DNA damage resulting in a cell death. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that even low concentrations (lower than 0.0464% v/v) of orange oil can be considered as phototoxic (PIF value 8.2) and probably phototoxic for bergamot oil (PIF value 4.6). We also found significant changes in the cell viability, the ROS production and the DNA after the cells were exposed to the tested chemicals. Even though these substances are widely used as antioxidants it should be noted that they present a risk factor and their use in cosmetic and food products should be minimized.
- MeSH
- buňky NIH 3T3 účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- fibroblasty účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- fototoxická dermatitida MeSH
- kometový test MeSH
- Litsea toxicita MeSH
- monoterpeny toxicita MeSH
- myši MeSH
- oleje rostlin toxicita MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
- ultrafialové záření * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is based on the tumor-selective accumulation of photosensitizer followed by irradiation with light of an appropriate wavelength. After irradiation and in the presence of oxygen, photosensitizer induces cellular damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of two photosensitizers TMPyP and ClAlPcS2 on cell lines to obtain better insight into their mechanisms of action. We determined cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and changes in expression levels of two important early response genes, C-MYC and C-FOS, on tumor MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and G361 (human melanoma) cell lines and non-tumor BJ cell line (human fibroblast) after photodynamic reaction with TMPyP and ClAlPcS2 as photosensitizers. In addition TMPyP and ClAlPcS2 cellular uptake and clearance and antioxidant capacity of the mentioned cell lines were investigated. We found appropriate therapeutic doses and confirmed that both tested photosensitizers are photodynamically efficient in treatment used cells in vitro. TMPyP is more efficient; it had higher ROS production and toxicity after irradiation by intermediate therapeutic doses than ClAlPcS2. We revealed that both TMPyP and ClAlPcS2-PDT increased C-FOS expression on tumor cell lines (G361 and MCF7), but not on non-tumor BJ cell line. Conversely, both TMPyP and ClAlPcS2-PDT decreased C-MYC expression on non-tumor BJ cell line but not on tumor cell lines. As first we tested these photosensitizers in such extent and we believe that it can help to better understand mechanisms of PDT and increase its efficiency and applicability.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- fotochemoterapie MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky chemie terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- indoly chemie terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory farmakoterapie MeSH
- organokovové sloučeniny chemie terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- porfyriny chemie terapeutické užití toxicita MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-fos metabolismus MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-myc metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- světlo MeSH
- upregulace účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
One of the promising strategies for improvement of cancer treatment is based on magnetic drug delivery systems, thus avoiding side effects of standard chemotherapies. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have ideal properties to become a targeted magnetic drug delivery contrast probes, named theranostics. We worked with SPIO condensed colloidal nanocrystal clusters (MagAlg) prepared through a new soft biomineralization route in the presence of alginate as the polymeric shell and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). The aim of this work was to study the in vitro cytotoxicity of these new MagAlg-DOX systems on mouse fibroblast and breast carcinoma cell lines. For proper analysis and understanding of cell behavior after administration of MagAlg-DOX compared with free DOX, a complex set of in vitro tests, including production of reactive oxygen species, comet assay, cell cycle determination, gene expression, and cellular uptake, were utilized. It was found that the cytotoxic effect of MagAlg-DOX system is delayed compared to free DOX in both cell lines. This was attributed to the different mechanism of internalization of DOX and MagAlg-DOX into the cells, together with the fact that the drug is strongly bound on the drug nanocarriers. We discovered that nanoparticles can attenuate or even inhibit the effect of DOX, particularly in the tumor MCF7 cell line. This is a first comprehensive study on the cytotoxic effect of DOX-loaded SPIO compared with free DOX on healthy and cancer cell lines, as well as on the induced changes in gene expression.
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky * chemie toxicita MeSH
- buňky NIH 3T3 MeSH
- doxorubicin * chemie toxicita MeSH
- koloidy * chemie toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetické nanočástice * chemie toxicita MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- myši MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- photodynamická terapie,
- MeSH
- cévy fyziologie růst a vývoj sekrece účinky léků MeSH
- exprese genu účinky léků MeSH
- fibroblastové růstové faktory MeSH
- fotochemoterapie využití MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky MeSH
- inhibitory angiogeneze * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyselina salicylová aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- látky indukující angiogenezi MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * terapie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- TNF-alfa toxicita MeSH
- vaskulární endoteliální růstové faktory sekrece MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- grafy a diagramy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- hASC+HUVEC co-kultura,
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- fotochemoterapie využití MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- inhibitory angiogeneze * fyziologie MeSH
- kyselina salicylová * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory terapie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- vaskulární endoteliální růstové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- fotodynamická terapie,
- MeSH
- apoptóza * MeSH
- buněčná smrt * MeSH
- cytochromy c analýza MeSH
- ELISA MeSH
- fotochemoterapie * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kaspasy analýza MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanom * terapie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new modality in cancer treatment. It is based on the tumour-selective accumulation of a photosensitizer followed by irradiation with light of a specific wavelength. PDT is becoming widely accepted owing to its relative specificity and selectivity along with absence of the harmful side-effects of chemo and radiotherapy. There are three known distinct mechanisms of tumour destruction following PDT, generation of reactive oxygen species which can directly kill tumour cells, tumour vascular shutdown which can independently lead to tumour destruction via lack of oxygen and nutrients and thirdly enhanced antitumour immunity. METHODS: A review based on the literature acquired from the PubMed database from 1983 with a focus on the enhanced antitumour immunity effects of PTD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Tumour cell death is accompanied by the release of a large number of inflammatory mediators. These induce a non-specific inflammatory response followed by gradual adaptive antitumour immunity. Further, a combination of PDT with the immunological approach has the potential to improve PDT efficiency and increase the cure rate. This short review covers specific methods for achieving these goals.
- MeSH
- adaptivní imunita účinky léků MeSH
- aktivace komplementu MeSH
- cytokiny sekrece MeSH
- fotochemoterapie metody MeSH
- fotosenzibilizující látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunologická tolerance MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- přirozená imunita účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
