As the susceptibility of humans to xenobiotics often depends on genetic factors, we assumed that ADH1B and ALDH2 genetic variants may affect susceptibility to the acute methanol exposure. To evaluate the role of genetic variants of enzymes involved in methanol catabolism in humans, we analysed ADH1B (rs1229984) and ALDH2 (rs441) polymorphisms in 50 adults who survived acute methanol poisoning, 246 individuals with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, and in 545 healthy controls. GG homozygotes of ADH1B were more common among methanol-poisoned patients (98%) and among patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (98%) than among healthy controls (90%) (P = 0.08 and < 0.001, respectively). Minor C allele carriers of the ALDH2 were significantly more common among methanol-poisoned persons (46%) than among patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis or healthy controls (31% in both groups, P < 0.05 and 0.025, respectively); the odds ratios were 1.89 (95% CI 1.02-3.52) and 1.94 (1.08-3.48), respectively. As there was a substantial amount of subjects with alcohol abuse between both groups of patients, ADH1B is unlikely to affect the susceptibility to methanol poisoning. By contrast, the genetic variant of the ALDH2 enzyme seems to specifically affect the susceptibility to methanol in acutely exposed humans and potentially plays a role in the outcome of methanol poisoning.
- MeSH
- alely MeSH
- alkoholismus komplikace etiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- farmakogenomické varianty * MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- jaterní cirhóza etiologie patologie MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methanol škodlivé účinky otrava MeSH
- mitochondriální aldehyddehydrogenasa genetika MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- odds ratio MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Methanol poisoning leads to lesions in the basal ganglia and subcortical white matter, as well as to demyelination and atrophy of the optic nerve. However, information regarding cognitive deficits in a large methanol sample is lacking. The principal aim of the present study was to identify the cognitive sequelae of methanol poisoning and their morphological correlates. A sample of 50 patients (METH; age 48 ± 13 years), 3-8 months after methanol poisoning, and 57 control subjects (CS; age 49 ± 13 years) were administered a neuropsychological battery. Forty-six patients were followed in 2 years' perspective. Patients additionally underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three biochemical and toxicological metabolic markers and a questionnaire regarding alcohol abuse facilitated the classification of 24 patients with methanol poisoning without alcohol abuse (METHna) and 22 patients with methanol poisoning and alcohol abuse (METHa). All groups were compared to a control group of similar size, and matched for age, education, premorbid intelligence level, global cognitive performance, and level of depressive symptoms. Using hierarchical multiple regression we found significant differences between METH and CS, especially in executive and memory domains. METHa showed a similar pattern of cognitive impairment with generally more severe executive dysfunction. Moreover, all METH patients with extensive involvement on brain MRI (lesions in ≥2 anatomical regions) had a more severe cognitive impairment. From a longitudinal perspective, we did not find any changes in their cognitive functioning after 2 years' follow-up. Our findings suggest that methanol poisoning is associated with executive dysfunction and explicit memory impairment, supposedly due to basal ganglia dysfunction and disruption of frontostriatal circuitry proportional to the number of brain lesions, and that these changes are persistent after 2 years' follow-up.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- exekutivní funkce * MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy chemicky indukované diagnostické zobrazování psychologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- methanol otrava MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- poruchy paměti chemicky indukované diagnostické zobrazování psychologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The use of nanotechnology is growing enormously and occupational physicians have an increasing interest in evaluating potential hazards and finding biomarkers of effect in workers exposed to nanoparticles. METHODS: A study was carried out with 36 workers exposed to (nano)TiO2 pigment and 45 controls. Condensate (EBC) titanium and markers of oxidation of nucleic acids (including 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG), 5-hydroxymethyl uracil (5-OHMeU)) and proteins (such as o-tyrosine (o-Tyr), 3-chlorotyrosine (3-ClTyr) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NOTyr)) were analysed from samples of their exhaled breath. RESULTS: In the production workshops, the median total mass 2012 and 2013 TiO2 concentrations were 0.65 and 0.40 mg/m(3), respectively. The median numbers of concentrations measured by the scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) were 1.98 × 10(4) and 2.32 × 10(4) particles/cm(3), respectively; and about 80% of those particles were smaller than 100 nm in diameter. In the research workspace, lower aerosol concentrations (0.16 mg/m(3) and 1.32 × 10(4) particles/cm(3)) were found. Titanium in the EBC was significantly higher in production workers (p<0.001) than in research workers and unexposed controls. Accordingly, most EBC oxidative stress markers, including in the preshift samples, were higher in production workers than in the two other groups. Multiple regression analysis confirmed an association between the production of TiO2 and the levels of studied biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of titanium in EBC may serve as a direct exposure marker in workers producing TiO2 pigment; the markers of oxidative stress reflect the local biological effect of (nano)TiO2 in the respiratory tract of the exposed workers.
- MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- dechové testy MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nanočástice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- nukleové kyseliny metabolismus MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- pevné částice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- práce MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- titan škodlivé účinky MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: The healthcare sector ranked in second place among economic sectors in the Czech Republic, with about 11.4 % of all occupational diseases in 2009. Skin diseases constituted about 20 % of all occupational diseases. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the causes and trends in allergic and irritant-induced skin diseases in the healthcare sector. METHODS: The data concerning occupational skin diseases (Chapter IV of the Czech List of Occupational Diseases, non-infectious skin illnesses) in the healthcare sector were analyzed from the Czech National Registry of Occupational Diseases from 1997 until 2009. The trends in the total counts and most frequent causes were evaluated. RESULTS: During the past 13 years, a total of 545 skin diseases were acknowledged in healthcare workers. Allergic contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 464 (85 %), irritant contact dermatitis in 71 (13 %) and contact urticaria in 10 subjects (2 %). Ninety-five percent of the patients were females. The overall incidence in individual years varied between 1.0 and 2.9 cases per 10,000 full-time employees per year. Disinfectants were the most frequent chemical agents causing more than one third of all allergic skin diseases (38 %), followed by rubber components (32 %) and cleaning agents (10 %). CONCLUSION: A general downward trend of diagnosed cases of occupational skin diseases in heath care workers in the Czech Republic over the past 13 years was demonstrated.
- MeSH
- alergická kontaktní dermatitida epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- dermatitida z povolání epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dráždivá dermatitida epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- hygiena práce MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zdravotnický personál statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The sensitive assay method was developed for a parallel, rapid and precise determination of the most prominent oxidative stress biomarkers: 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2α) a lipid oxidation biomarker, o-tyrosine an amino acid oxidation biomarker and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine a nucleic acid oxidation biomarker. The method consisted of a pre-treatment part, freeze drying (lyophilization), serving the purpose of biomarkers concentration from the exhaled breath condensate and detection method LC-ESI-MS/MS, where the selected reaction-monitoring mode was used for its extremely high degree of selectivity and the stable-isotope-dilution assay for its high precision of quantification. The developed method is characterized by the following parameters: the precision was higher than 84.3% and the mean accuracy (relative error) was determined lower than 11.6%. The method was tested on samples obtained from patients diagnosed with asbestosis and silicosis, occupational diseases induced by oxidative stress, and then compared with samples from healthy subjects. The difference in biomarkers' concentration levels found between the two groups was statistically significant.
- MeSH
- azbestóza metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
- dechové testy MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lyofilizace MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- oxidační stres * MeSH
- silikóza metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
