OBJECTIVES: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder caused by a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The main goal of our case-control study was to analyse the association of environmental factors with the odds of CD development in a sample of the Slovak population. METHODS: Data were collected from 1,226 respondents (534 CD patients and 692 controls) by a questionnaire. The impact of analysed parameters on the chance of disease development was assessed by multiple regression analysis and expressed as odds ratios (OR). Values of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In the patient group, celiac disease was significantly more prevalent in women than in men (OR = 1.52, p = 0.010). Respondents with a positive family history of CD showed 2.9-fold higher odds of CD compared to others (p < 0.001), and respondents with coexisting autoimmune diseases had 2.6-fold higher odds of CD (p < 0.001). Subjects who had taken antibiotics at least three times a year during childhood had 1.95-fold higher odds of developing CD compared to those who took them less frequently or not at all (p = 0.022). Conversely, individuals who were breastfed in infancy had lower odds of CD compared to non-breastfed respondents (OR = 0.53, p < 0.001). The mode of delivery (vaginal vs. caesarean section), overcoming severe infections, and the timing of gluten introduction in childhood did not show a statistically significant effect on the odds of developing CD. CONCLUSION: Based on our data, being female, having a positive family history of CD, suffering from another autoimmune disease, and frequent use of antibiotics are factors associated with an increased chance of developing CD. On the other hand, breastfeeding in infancy seems to have a protective effect. Our findings highlight the importance of further research in understanding the complexities of this autoimmune condition and providing a foundation for prevention strategies.
- MeSH
- Celiac Disease * epidemiology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Breast Feeding statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Slovakia MeSH
Východiská: Alogénna transplantácia krvotvorných buniek (allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation – alloHSCT) predstavuje významný terapeutický výkon pre liečbu celého spektra závažných chorôb. Pokroky v liečbe a podpornej starostlivosti zlepšili celkové prežívanie, avšak napriek tomu sa alloHSCT naďalej vyznačuje značnou úmrtnosťou, najčastejšie zapríčinenou chorobou z reakcie štepu proti hostiteľovi (graft-versus-host disease – GvHD). Cieľom našej retrospektívnej analýzy bolo zistiť, ktoré z vybraných faktorov mali vplyv na celkové prežívanie a vývoj GvHD po alloHSCT od HLA-identických súrodencov. Analyzovali sme vek pacienta a darcu, kompatibilitu v AB0 systéme, zhodu pohlavia príjemcu a darcu, zdroj krvotvorných buniek, čas od diagnózy po alloHSCT, typ prípravného režimu, typ profylaxie GvHD a relaps. Pacienti a metódy: Sledovali sme 96 pacientov (54 mužov, 42 žien), ktorí podstúpili alloHSCT od HLA-identického súrodenca. Medián sledovania bol 64,5 mesiaca (rozsah 1–218 mesiacov), medián veku príjemcov aj darcov bol 34 rokov. Najčastejšou indikáciou alloHSCT bolo malígne hematologické ochorenie. Výsledky: Najvyšší počet úmrtí zapríčinila GvHD a jej komplikácie (n = 24; 46,2 %) a na druhom mieste bol relaps (n = 18; 34,6 %). Akútnu GvHD vyvinulo 30 (31,3%) a chronickú GvHD 25 (26,0%) z celkového počtu 96 pacientov. Celkovo GvHD vyvinulo 45 pacientov (46,9%). Pozorovali sme horšie celkové prežívanie pacientov mužského pohlavia, ktorí mali darkyne ženy v porovnaní s ostatnými pacientami (p = 0,01; HR = 2,33). Celkové prežívanie bolo lepšie u pacientov transplantovaných do 1 roka od stanovenia diagnózy, v porovnaní s pacientami transplantovanými po 1 roku (p = 0,03; HR = 1,93). Žiadny z faktorov nemal štatisticky významný vplyv na akutnú GvHD, chronickú GvHD a celkovo na GvHD. Záver: Potvrdili sme, že nezhoda pohlaví, ak darcom je žena a príjemcom muž, signifikantne negatívne ovplyvňuje celkové prežívanie po alloHSCT. Rovnako, celkové prežívanie mali signifikantne kratšie pacienti, ktorí podstúpili alloHSCT neskôr ako 1 rok od potvrdenia diagnózy.
Backgrounds: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is a substantial therapeutic procedure for the treatment of a wide spectrum of severe diseases. Despite advancements in treatment and supportive care, alloHSCT still carries a considerable mortality risk, primarily caused by graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Our retrospective analysis aimed to identify the factors influencing overall survival and GvHD development in HLA-identical sibling alloHSCT. We have analyzed patients’ and donors’ age, AB0 compatibility, recipient-donor gender match, stem cell source, time from the diagnosis to alloHSCT, conditioning regimen type, GvHD prophylaxis, and relapse. Patients and methods: Our study included 96 patients (54 male, 42 female) who underwent HLA-identical sibling alloHSCT. The median follow-up was 64.5 months (range 1–218 months), and the median age of both recipients and donors was 34 years. Malignant hematological diseases were the most common indications for alloHSCT. Results: GvHD and its complications accounted for the highest number of deaths (N = 24; 46.2%), followed by relapse (N = 18; 34.6%). Acute GvHD developed in 30 patients (31.3%), while chronic GvHD occurred in 25 patients (26.0%), resulting in a total of 45 patients (46.9%) experiencing GvHD. Male recipients with female donors had significantly worse overall survival compared to other patients (P = 0.01; HR = 2.33). Overall survival was better in patients transplanted within 1 year from the diagnosis compared to those transplanted after 1 year (P = 0.03; HR = 1.93). No factor reached statistical significance regarding the impact on acute GvHD, chronic GvHD, or overall GvHD. Conclusion: We confirmed that sex mismatch, specifically in the case of a female donor and a male recipient, significantly negatively affects overall survival after alloHSCT. Additionally, overall survival is significantly shorter when the interval between the diagnosis and alloHSCT exceeds one year.
- MeSH
- Survival Analysis * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hematologic Neoplasms mortality therapy MeSH
- Histocompatibility MeSH
- Transplantation, Homologous mortality statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Graft vs Host Disease epidemiology mortality MeSH
- Siblings MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Bone Marrow Transplantation * mortality statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Clinical Study MeSH
Infiltration of immune cells into CNS is one of the essential events in multiple sclerosis (MS) development. Adhesion molecules like the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) play critical role in this process. Therefore, the ICAM1 gene containing two important single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belongs to candidate loci with possible involvement in MS susceptibility and/or severity. The objective of our case-control study was to analyze the association of two functional ICAM1 polymorphisms rs1799969 (or G241R) and rs5498 (or K469E) with susceptibility to MS and evaluate their influence on the age at disease onset, severity, neurological disability and progression rate. Two hundred forty-eight MS subjects (mean 39.2 years) and 208 age-matched controls (mean 35.6 years) were involved in the study. Genotyping of ICAM1 rs1799969 and rs5498 SNPs was performed by PCR-RFLP. Presence of the rs3135388 polymorphism tagging the major MS risk allele HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele was determined as well. Our analysis revealed no statistically significant association of ICAM1 polymorphisms with risk of MS development in the Slovak population. Stratification of study cohorts by gender, age at onset and presence of the HLA-DRB1*15:01 risk allele showed only moderate changes. Correlation of clinical findings as age at onset, Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale, Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score and progression index with ICAM1 genotypes in MS patients revealed no significant association; however, patients with earlier onset of MS showed slightly higher frequencies of the homozygous G allele at rs5498 in comparison to other genotypes (P = 0.04), suggesting that GG carriers tend to induce MS at an earlier age.
- MeSH
- Alleles MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
- Genotype MeSH
- HLA-DRB1 Chains genetics MeSH
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide * MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 genetics MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Multiple Sclerosis genetics MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Slovakia MeSH
