Úvod: Mentálna anorexia (AN) je závažné psychosomatické ochorenie, ktoré sa rozvíja najmä v adolescentnom veku. Závažná nutričná deprivácia s rozvratom vnútorného prostredia a hormonálnou dysreguláciou ovplyvňujú aj hematopoézu a kostný metabolizmus. Cieľom tejto práce bolo zistiť, či existuje vzájomný vzťah medzi poruchou hematopoézy a zníženým kostným metabolizmom u dievčat s mentálnou anorexiou. Metodika: Do štúdie bolo zahrnutých 25 dievčat s AN (priemerný vek 16,2 ± 1,0 roka) a 13 zdravých dievčat s normálnou hmotnosťou (priemerný vek 16,7 ± 1,2). Krvný obraz a markery kostného metabolizmu boli vyšetrené štandardnými metódami. Denzita kostného minerálu bola vyšetrená duálnou röntgenovou absorpciometriou. Výsledky sme hodnotili štandardnými matematicko-štatistickými metódami. Výsledky: Anorektičky mali významne nižšie počty krvných buniek a hodnoty markerov kostného metabolizmu (fosfor, ALP, P1NP, osteokalcín) v porovnaní so zdravými kontrolami (p ≤ 0,05). Anorektičky mali významne nižšiu denzitu kostného minerálu (BMD) a BMD Z-skóre v proximálnej časti ľavého femuru (p ≤ 0,05) a nižší obsah kostného minerálu (BMC) pri celotelovom meraní bez zachytenia hlavy (TBLH, p ≤ 0,05). Markery kostného metabolizmu (fosfor, ALP, P1NP, osteokalcín) pozitívne korelovali s počtom leukocytov a erytrocytov (p ≤ 0,05). Celkový počet leukocytov pozitívne koreloval s BMD v proximálnej časti ľavého femuru (r = 0,34; p ≤ 0,05). Počty lymfocytov a monocytov korelovali s BMD a BMD Z-skóre vo všetkých oblastiach merania (p ≤ 0,05). Záver: Naša štúdia potvrdila vzájomný pozitívny vzťah medzi poruchou hematopoézy a poruchou kostného metabolizmu u pacientiek s AN. Zníženie počtu osteoblastov, ktoré vytvárajú podporné mikroprostredie pre hematopoetické kmeňové bunky, vedie k zníženiu počtu všetkých analyzovaných krvných buniek u dievčat s AN. Predpokladáme, že zníženie počtu osteoblastov a tým aj hematopoetických buniek u pacientok s AN súvisí so zvýšením množstva tukového tkaniva v kostnej dreni. Potvrdenie tejto hypotézy bude úlohou ďalšej štúdie. Okrem toho sú potrebné longitudinálne štúdie na zhodnotenie vplyvu zmien hmotnosti na hematopoézu a kostný metabolizmus.
Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious psychosomatic disorder that develops especially in adolescence. Severe nutritional deprivation with disruption of the internal environment andhormonal dysregulation affects hematopoiesis and bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between hematopoiesis disruption and reduced bone metabolism in girls with AN. Methods: Twenty-five girls with AN (mean age 16.2 ± 1.0) and 13 healthy controls with normal weight (mean age 16.7 ± 1.2) were enrolled in the study. Blood counts and markers of bone metabolism were analysed using standard laboratory methods. Bone mineral density was examined by dual X-ray absorptiometry. The results were evaluated by standard mathematical and statistical methods. Results: Blood cells counts and concentrations of markers of bone metabolism (phosphorus, ALP, P1NP, osteocalcin) were significantly lower in girls with AN than in healthy controls (p ≤ 0.05). The group with AN had significantly lower bone mineral density (BMD) and BMD Z-score in the left hip (p ≤ 0.05) and lower bone mineral content (BMC) in the total body less head measurement (TBLH, p ≤ 0.05). Bone metabolism markers (phosphorus, ALP, P1NP, osteocalcin) positively correlated with leukocyte and erythrocyte counts (p ≤ 0.05). Leukocyte count positively correlated with BMD in the left hip (r = 0.34; p ≤ 0.05). Lymphocyte and monocyte counts correlated with BMD and BMD Z-scores in all measured areas (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Our study confirmed a positive relationship between hematopoiesis and bone metabolism disruption in patients with AN. The reduction in the number of osteoblasts, which create a supportive microenvironment for hematopoietic stem cells, leads to a reduction in all analysed blood cells. We hypothesize that a decrease in the number of osteoblasts and hematopoietic cells in patients with AN is associated with an increase in the amount of adipose tissue in the bone marrow. Further study is needed to confirm this hypothesis. Additionally, longitudinal studies should determine the effect of weight changes on hematopoiesis and bone metabolism.
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
BACKGROUND: Children are becoming less physically active as opportunities for safe active play, recreational activities, and active transport decrease. At the same time, sedentary screen-based activities both during school and leisure time are increasing. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep duration of girls and boys aged 6-9 years in Europe using data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). METHOD: The fourth COSI data collection round was conducted in 2015-2017, using a standardized protocol that included a family form completed by parents with specific questions about their children's PA, screen time, and sleep duration. RESULTS: Nationally representative data from 25 countries was included and information on the PA behaviour, screen time, and sleep duration of 150,651 children was analysed. Pooled analysis showed that: 79.4% were actively playing for >1 h each day, 53.9% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 50.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 60.2% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 84.9% slept for 9-11 h/night. Country-specific analyses of these behaviours showed pronounced differences, with national prevalences in the range of 61.7-98.3% actively playing for >1 h/day, 8.2-85.6% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 17.7-94.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 32.3-80.0% engaged in screen time for <2 h/day, and 50.0-95.8% slept for 9-11 h/night. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of engagement in PA and the achievement of healthy screen time and sleep duration are heterogenous across the region. Policymakers and other stakeholders, including school administrators and parents, should increase opportunities for young people to participate in daily PA as well as explore solutions to address excessive screen time and short sleep duration to improve the overall physical and mental health and well-being of children.
- MeSH
- čas strávený před obrazovkou MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících epidemiologie MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- rodiče MeSH
- školy MeSH
- spánek * MeSH
- sporty MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- volnočasové aktivity MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Establishment of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) has resulted in a surveillance system which provides regular, reliable, timely, and accurate data on children's weight status-through standardized measurement of bodyweight and height-in the WHO European Region. Additional data on dietary intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, family background, and school environments are collected in several countries. In total, 45 countries in the European Region have participated in COSI. The first five data collection rounds, between 2007 and 2021, yielded measured anthropometric data on over 1.3 million children. In COSI, data are collected according to a common protocol, using standardized instruments and procedures. The systematic collection and analysis of these data enables intercountry comparisons and reveals differences in the prevalence of childhood thinness, overweight, normal weight, and obesity between and within populations. Furthermore, it facilitates investigation of the relationship between overweight, obesity, and potential risk or protective factors and improves the understanding of the development of overweight and obesity in European primary-school children in order to support appropriate and effective policy responses.
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- školy MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In 2015-2017, the fourth round of the World Health Organization (WHO) European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) was conducted in 36 countries. National representative samples of children aged 6-9 (203,323) were measured by trained staff, with similar equipment and using a standardized protocol. This paper assesses the children's body weight status and compares the burden of childhood overweight, obesity, and thinness in Northern, Eastern, and Southern Europe and Central Asia. The results show great geographic variability in height, weight, and body mass index. On average, the children of Northern Europe were the tallest, those of Southern Europe the heaviest, and the children living in Central Asia the lightest and the shortest. Overall, 28.7% of boys and 26.5% of girls were overweight (including obesity) and 2.5% and 1.9%, respectively, were thin according to the WHO definitions. The prevalence of obesity varied from 1.8% of boys and 1.1% of girls in Tajikistan to 21.5% and 19.2%, respectively, in Cyprus, and tended to be higher for boys than for girls. Levels of thinness, stunting, and underweight were relatively low, except in Eastern Europe (for thinness) and in Central Asia. Despite the efforts to halt it, unhealthy weight status is still an important problem in the WHO European Region.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- hubenost * epidemiologie MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadváha epidemiologie MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
In order to address the paucity of evidence on the association between childhood eating habits and urbanization, this cross-sectional study describes urban-rural differences in frequency of fruit, vegetable, and soft drink consumption in 123,100 children aged 6-9 years from 19 countries participating in the fourth round (2015-2017) of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). Children's parents/caregivers completed food-frequency questionnaires. A multivariate multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed and revealed wide variability among countries and within macroregions for all indicators. The percentage of children attending rural schools ranged from 3% in Turkey to 70% in Turkmenistan. The prevalence of less healthy eating habits was high, with between 30-80% and 30-90% children not eating fruit or vegetables daily, respectively, and up to 45% consuming soft drinks on >3 days a week. For less than one third of the countries, children attending rural schools had higher odds (OR-range: 1.1-2.1) for not eating fruit or vegetables daily or consuming soft drinks >3 days a week compared to children attending urban schools. For the remainder of the countries no significant associations were observed. Both population-based interventions and policy strategies are necessary to improve access to healthy foods and increase healthy eating behaviors among children.
- MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dostupnost zdravé stravy * MeSH
- internacionalita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita dětí a dospívajících * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- ovoce MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
- Světová zdravotnická organizace MeSH
- sycené nápoje MeSH
- zelenina MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
