- Klíčová slova
- neuropsychoanalýza,
- MeSH
- agnozie etiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poranění mozku patologie terapie MeSH
- psychoanalýza * metody MeSH
- represe (psychologie) MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Psilocybin is a classical serotoninergic psychedelic that induces cognitive disruptions similar to psychosis. Gamma activity is affected in psychosis and is tightly related to cognitive processing. The 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSR) are frequently used as indicators to test the ability to generate gamma activity. Based on previous literature, we studied the impact of psilocybin on 40 Hz ASSR in healthy volunteers. The study was double blind and placebo controlled with a crossover design. A sample of 20 healthy subjects (10M/10F) received psilocybin orally 0.26 mg/kg or placebo. Participants were measured four times in total, one time before ingestion of psilocybin/placebo and one time after ingestion, during the peak of intoxication. A series of 500 ms click trains were used for stimulation. Psilocybin induced a psychedelic effect and decreased 40 Hz ASSR phase-locking index compared to placebo. The extent of the attenuation was related to Cognition and Affect on the Hallucinogen Rating Scale. The current study shows that psilocybin lowers the synchronization level and the amplitude of 40 Hz auditory steady-state responses, which yields further support for the role of gamma oscillations in cognitive processing and its disturbance.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Serotonergic agonist psilocybin is a psychedelic with antidepressant potential. Sleep may interact with psilocybin's antidepressant properties like other antidepressant drugs via induction of neuroplasticity. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of psilocybin on sleep architecture on the night after psilocybin administration. Regarding the potential antidepressant properties, we hypothesized that psilocybin, similar to other classical antidepressants, would reduce rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and prolong REM sleep latency. Moreover, we also hypothesized that psilocybin would promote slow-wave activity (SWA) expression in the first sleep cycle, a marker of sleep-related neuroplasticity. Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, age 28-53) underwent two drug administration sessions, psilocybin or placebo, in a randomized, double-blinded design. Changes in sleep macrostructure, SWA during the first sleep cycle, whole night EEG spectral power across frequencies in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep, and changes in subjective sleep measures were analyzed. The results revealed prolonged REM sleep latency after psilocybin administration and a trend toward a decrease in overall REM sleep duration. No changes in NREM sleep were observed. Psilocybin did not affect EEG power spectra in NREM or REM sleep when examined across the whole night. However, psilocybin suppressed SWA in the first sleep cycle. No evidence was found for sleep-related neuroplasticity, however, a different dosage, timing, effect on homeostatic regulation of sleep, or other mechanisms related to antidepressant effects may play a role. Overall, this study suggests that potential antidepressant properties of psilocybin might be related to changes in sleep.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background: Although a positive family history is the strongest predictor for bipolar disorder (BD), most offspring of BD parents (BO) will not develop the disorder. Identification of vulnerability markers for BD is essential for specific individual risk estimation. Impairments in cognitive functioning and the presence of specific temperament traits are considered promising candidates. Methods: Sixty-three BO (48% female; 11.8 ± 3.3 years) and 54 control offspring (CO; 44% female; 12.3 ± 3.2 years) comparable in sex (p = 0.4) and age (p = 0.4) were enrolled. Detection of current sub/threshold mood symptoms by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and General Behavior Inventory was applied to separate BO into ultrahigh-risk (UHR) and high-risk (HR) subgroups. Cognitive functions were tested by the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment II test battery, d2 Test of Attention, and Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks. Temperament was assessed by the Temperament in Middle Childhood and Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaires. Results: The BO sample consisted of 5 BD, 17 UHR, and 41 HR participants. We did not observe any significant differences between the BO and CO groups or between the UHR, HR, and CO subgroups (Hedges' g = 0.21-0.39) in cognitive functioning. The BO differed significantly in some temperament traits from the CO (g = 0.42-0.61), while the UHR subgroup exhibited lower effortful control and attention focusing than both HR and CO participants (g = 0.92-1.19). Limitations: The cross-sectional design and wide age range of the sample limited our findings. Conclusions: Neuropsychological impairment does not seem to be a trait marker of BD in the premorbid stage. Temperament with low effortful control and low attention focusing might be associated with the development of mood disorders in BO.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
V systematické případové studii jsme zkoumali spolehlivost zachycení vynořující se dynamické scény a spolehlivost stanovení hypotéz a OPD-2 ohnisek. Studie sleduje scénické ztvárnění ústřední konfigurace "(ne)podřídit se diktátorskému trenérovi". Její pozorovatelné klinické projevy a hypotézy jsou ověřované zpětnou perspektivou samotného pacienta, metodikou OPD-2 a CHAP nezávislými posuzovateli videonahrávek v úvodním a závěrečném interview. Zvolené perspektivy spolehlivě zachycují specifický obsah ústřední konfigurace úvodního interview. Scénická konfigurace měla vliv i na posuzovatele videonahrávek: posuzovatelé, kteří se s pacientem osobně setkali, vykazovali tendenci nadhodnocovat pokroky pacienta, zatímco posuzovatelé videonahrávek hodnotili jeho změny střízlivěji.
In a systematic case study we investigated how reliable is to capture an emerging dynamic scene and to determine hypotheses and OPD-2 foci. The study explored scenic enactment of central configuration "(not to) submit to dictatorial coach". Observable clinical manifestations and hypotheses of dynamic scene were verified by retrospective views by the patient and by independent evaluators via OPD-2 and CHAP methods in the initial and final interviews. Selected perspectives identified reliably specific content of initial interview`s central configuration. Moreover, scenic configuration influenced evaluators of videorecordings: evaluators who saw patient personally tended to overvalue patient`s progress, while evaluators of videorecordings assessed his changes moderately.
- Klíčová slova
- operacionalizovaná psychodynamická diagnostika, Heidelberská škála strukturální změny,
- MeSH
- afekt MeSH
- audiovizuální záznam MeSH
- bolest etiologie psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emoce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management bolesti metody psychologie MeSH
- pozorování metody MeSH
- psychodynamická psychoterapie * metody MeSH
- psychosomatické poruchy diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- psychoterapeutické procesy MeSH
- rozhovory jako téma MeSH
- sebezhodnocení (psychologie) MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Difficulty with emotion perception is a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is also associated with the broader autism phenotype. The current study explored the neural underpinnings of conscious and nonconscious perceptions of affect in typically developing individuals with varying levels of autistic-like traits, as measured by the Autism Quotient (AQ). We investigated the relationship between autistic traits and face processing efficiency using event-related potentials (ERPs). In 20 typically developing adults, we utilized ERPs (the P100, N170, and P300) to measure differences in face processing for emotional faces that were presented either (a) too quickly to reach conscious awareness (16 ms) or (b) slowly enough to be consciously observed (200 ms). All individuals evidenced increased P100 and P300 amplitude and shorter N170 latencies for nonconscious versus consciously presented faces. Individuals with high AQ scores evidenced delayed ERP components. Nonconsciously perceived emotional faces elicited enhanced neural responses regardless of AQ score. Higher levels of autistic traits were associated with inefficient face perception (i.e., longer latency of ERP components). This delay parallels processing delays observed in ASD. These data suggest that inefficient social perception is present in individuals with subclinical levels of social impairment.
- MeSH
- autistická porucha psychologie MeSH
- elektroencefalografie MeSH
- emoce fyziologie MeSH
- evokované potenciály MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy MeSH
- osobnost fyziologie MeSH
- rozpoznání obličeje fyziologie MeSH
- sociální percepce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
