Steroids are a mainstay in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children and adolescents; however, their use can cause clinically significant steroid-related neuropsychiatric symptoms (SRNS). As current knowledge on SRNS during ALL treatment is limited, we mapped the phenotypes, occurrence and treatment strategies using a database created by the international Ponte di Legno Neurotoxicity Working Group including data on toxicity in the central nervous system (CNS) in patients treated with frontline ALL protocols between 2000 and 2017. Ninety-four of 1813 patients in the CNS toxicity database (5.2%) experienced clinically significant SRNS with two peaks: one during induction and one during intensification phase. Dexamethasone was implicated in 86% of SRNS episodes. The most common symptoms were psychosis (52%), agitation (44%) and aggression (31%). Pharmacological treatment, mainly antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, was given to 87% of patients while 38% were hospitalised due to their symptoms. Recurrence of symptoms was reported in 29% of patients and two previously healthy patients required ongoing pharmacological treatment at the last follow up. Awareness of SRNS during ALL treatment and recommendation on treatment strategies merit further studies and consensus.
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie * farmakoterapie MeSH
- dexamethason škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- neurotoxické syndromy etiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- steroidy terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
INTRODUCTION: florio® HAEMO is a hemophilia treatment monitoring application (app) offering activity tracking and wearable device connectivity. Its use might support everyday activities for people with hemophilia. The aim of this study was to evaluate user satisfaction, long-term usage and the impact on data entry when pairing a wearable with a hemophilia monitoring app. METHODS: This is a follow-up of a two-part user survey conducted in Central Europe. People with hemophilia and parents/caregivers of children with hemophilia using florio HAEMO and who completed part one were invited to complete a second online questionnaire at least 4 months later. RESULTS: Fifty participants (83.3%) who completed part one of the survey continued to use the florio HAEMO app and completed part two. Of 14 participants who chose to use the app with a wearable, more than half (57.1%) were aged between 13 and 25 years. Overall, the results demonstrated that florio HAEMO is very easy or rather easy to use, especially for individuals pairing the app with a wearable. Most people using a wearable indicated that florio HAEMO was very or rather important in bringing certainty to daily activities (85.7%). Notably, 14 of 36 (38.9%) non-wearable users indicated that they would prefer to pair the app with a wearable in the future. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the florio HAEMO app is maintained over an extended period of use. Pairing the app with a wearable might enable easier access to app features, increase data entry motivation and provide more certainty about daily activities for people with hemophilia.
- MeSH
- adherence pacienta statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hemofilie A * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mobilní aplikace MeSH
- nositelná elektronika * MeSH
- pacientova volba * MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Hemofilie A je vzácné vrozené krvácivé onemocnění, u něhož jsou dnes možnosti léčby velmi široké. Zejména posledních deset let se neslo v duchu zavedení nových, až revolučních léčiv. Vedle klasické léčby koncentrátem srážecího faktoru VIII jsou dnes dostupné léky, které významně snižují riziko krvácení jinými mechanismy - tzv. nefaktorové léky. Do klinické praxe vstupuje technologicky upravený faktor VIII, který nabízí ochranu před krvácením tím, že dosažené hladiny FVIII u takto léčené osoby se pohybují v pásmu normalizované hemostázy. Moderní léčba hemofilie A přinesla pacientům šanci na život srovnatelný s vrstevníky a na plné zapojení do společnosti.
Hemophilia A is a rare congenital bleeding disorder for which a wide range of treatment options are available today. The last ten years in particular have seen the introduction of new, even revolutionary, drugs. In addition to conventional treatment with factor VIII concentrates, new drugs with different mechanisms of action are now available which significantly reduce the risk of bleeding by other mechanisms, so-called non-factor therapy. Currently, a modified factor VIII is entering clinical practice that provides bleeding protection with the FVIII levels achieved within the range of normal hemostasis. Modern treatment of hemophilia A has given patients the chance to live a life comparable to that of their peers and to participate fully in society.
In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), risk groups for invasive fungal disease (IFD) with need for antifungal prophylaxis are not well characterized, and with the advent of new antifungal compounds, current data on outcome are scarce. Prospectively captured serious adverse event reports of children enrolled in the international, multi-center clinical trial AIEOP-BFM ALL2009 were screened for proven/probable IFD, defined according to the updated EORTC/MSG consensus definitions. In a total of 6136 children (median age 5.2 years), 224 proven/probable IFDs (65 yeast and 159 mold) were reported. By logistic regression, the risk for proven/probable IFDs was significantly increased in children ≥12 years and those with a blast count ≥10% in the bone marrow on day 15 (P < 0.0001 each). Proven/probable IFDs had a 6-week and 12-week mortality of 10.7% and 11.2%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio for event-free and overall survival was significantly increased for proven/probable IFD, age ≥12 years, and insufficient response to therapy (P < 0.001, each). Our data define older children with ALL and those with insufficient treatment-response at high risk for IFD. As we show that IFD is an independent risk factor for event-free and overall survival, these patients may benefit from targeted antifungal prophylaxis.
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- antifungální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mykózy * farmakoterapie etiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Although initial central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rarely detected in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), risk-adapted CNS-directed therapy is essential for all patients. Treatment intensity depends on the initial CNS status. In the AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009 trial, patients with cytomorphologic detection of leukemic blasts in initial cerebrospinal fluid were classified as CNS2 or CNS3 and received five intrathecal doses of methotrexate (MTX) in induction therapy compared to patients with CNS1 status (no blasts detected) who received three doses. The impact of additional intrathecal (IT) MTX on systemic toxicity in induction therapy is unknown. Between June 1st 2010 and February 28th 2017, a total of 6,136 ALL patients aged 1-17 years were enrolled onto the AIEOP-BFM ALL 2009 trial. The effect of three versus five doses of IT MTX during induction therapy on the incidence of severe infectious complications was analyzed. Among 4,706 patients treated with three IT MTX doses, 77 (1.6%) had a life-threatening infection during induction as compared to 59 of 1,350 (4.4%) patients treated with five doses (P<0.001; Odds Ratio 2.86 [95% Confidence Interval 1.99-4.13]). In a multivariate regression model, treatment with additional IT MTX proved to be the strongest risk factor for life-threatening infections (Odds Ratio 2.85 [1.96-4.14]). Fatal infections occurred in 16 (0.3%) and 38 (1.6%) patients treated with three or five IT MTX doses, respectively (P<0.001). As the relevance of additional intrathecal MTX in induction for relapse prevention in CNS2 patients is unclear, doses of intrathecal therapy have been reduced for these patients. (Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT01117441 and NCT00613457).
- MeSH
- akutní lymfatická leukemie * komplikace farmakoterapie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- indukční chemoterapie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methotrexát * terapeutické užití MeSH
- protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The manuscript provides an overview of treatment and its changes in adult patients with haemophilia A without inhibitors in the Czech Republic between 2013 and 2021 using data from the registry of the Czech National Haemophilia Programme (CNHP). Over a 9-year period, we focused on the reduction in the annual bleeding rate (ABR), joint bleeding rate (AJBR) and factor VIII consumption when patients with severe haemophilia A switched from on-demand treatment to prophylaxis. The ABR and AJBR include both patient-reported home treatment and treated hospitalisation episodes. All adult patients with severe haemophilia A were categorised into three groups according to the therapeutic regimen. The first group was patients on prophylaxis during the follow-up period, the second group consisted of patients on on-demand treatment, and the third group was patients who received both treatment regimens during follow-up. With an increase in the proportion of patients with severe haemophilia A on prophylaxis from 37 to 74% between 2013 and 2021, the ABR for all patients with severe haemophilia A decreased approximately 6.9-fold, and the AJBR decreased 8.7-fold. Expectedly, the factor consumption increased by approximately 68.5%. In the group of patients with severe haemophilia A who had switched from an on-demand to a prophylactic regimen, the total number of bleeding events decreased 3.5-fold, and the number of joint bleeding episodes decreased 3.9-fold. Factor VIII consumption increased by 78.4%. Our study supports a previously reported positive effect of prophylaxis on bleeding control. We believe that the substantial improvement in ABR justifies the increased treatment costs.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- faktor VIII * terapeutické užití MeSH
- hemofilie A * farmakoterapie MeSH
- krvácení * chemicky indukované epidemiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- registrace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Haemophilia A care has changed with the introduction of emicizumab. Experience on the youngest children is still scarce and clinical practice varies between haemophilia treatment centres. AIM: We aimed to assess the current clinical practice on emicizumab prophylaxis within PedNet, a collaborative research platform for paediatricians treating children with haemophilia. METHODS: An electronic survey was sent to all PedNet members (n = 32) between October 2022 and February 2023. The survey included questions on the availability of emicizumab, on the practice of initiating prophylaxis in previously untreated or minimally treated patients (PUPs or MTPs) and emicizumab use in patients with or without inhibitors. RESULTS: All but four centres (28/32; 88%) responded. Emicizumab was available in clinical practice in 25/28 centres (89%), and in 3/28 for selected patients only (e.g. with inhibitors). Emicizumab was the preferred choice for prophylaxis in PUPs or MTPs in 20/25 centres; most (85%) started emicizumab prophylaxis before 1 year of age (30% before 6 months of age) and without concomitant FVIII (16/20; 80%). After the loading dose, 13/28 centres administered the recommended dosing, while the others adjusted the interval of injections to give whole vials. In inhibitor patients, the use of emicizumab during ITI was common, with low-dose ITI being the preferred protocol. CONCLUSION: Most centres choose to initiate prophylaxis with emicizumab before 12 months of age and without concomitant FVIII. In inhibitor patients, ITI is mostly given in addition to emicizumab, but there was no common practice on how to proceed after successful ITI.
Úvod: V profylaxi hemofilie A jsou postupně prosazovány faktory VIII s prodlouženým biologickým poločasem (extended biological half--life – EHL) oproti faktorům se standardním poločasem (standard half-life factors – SHL). Jedním ze zástupců EHL je efmoroctocog alfa (rFVIIIFc). Cíl: Retrospektivní hodnocení přechodu z léčby SHL na léčbu rFVIIIFc v podmínkách rutinní klinické praxe tří komplexních hemofilických center v České republice. Metody: Retrospektivní analýza zdravotních záznamů pacientů s těžkou hemofilií A ve dvou věkových skupinách (< 12 a ≥ 12 let), dříve léčených profylakticky SHL, jež byli převedeni na rFVIIIFc. Hodnotili jsme kontrolu krvácení, frekvenci podávání injekcí, spotřebu faktoru a dosaženou minimální (trough) hladinu. Výsledky: Do skupiny < 12 bylo zařazeno 16 pacientů s průměrným věkem 6,1 roku a do skupiny ≥ 12 bylo zařazeno 8 pacientů s průměrným věkem 37,8 roku. Skupina < 12 let: Ve srovnání se SHL vedla léčba rFVIIIFc ke statisticky významnému snížení průměrné roční míry krvácení ABR (2,69 ± 2,24 vs. 0,69 ± 1,02; p= 0,0015) a počtu týdenních aplikací (3 ± 0,45 vs. 2,21 ± 0,29; p = 0,0008). Podíl pacientů bez krvácení se zvýšil z 12,5 na 62,5 %. Spotřeba faktorů byla stejná a rozdíl v průměrné trough hladině (%) nebyl statisticky významný (1,37 ± 0,85 vs. 1,66 ± 0,79). Skupina ≥ 12 let: V porovnání se SHL vedla léčba rFVIIIFc ke statisticky významnému snížení průměrného počtu aplikací (2,62 ± 0,62 vs. 1,88 ± 0,13; p = 0,0223) a zvýšení průměrné trough hladiny (1,75 ± 1,01 vs. 2,7 ± 1,28; p= 0,0223) při stejné spotřebě faktoru. Pokles ABR nebyl statisticky významný (průměr 2,38 ± 1,51 vs. 1,13 ± 1,81; p = 0,0707). Podíl pacientů bez krvácení byl 12,5 % u SHL a 62,5 % u rFVIIIFc. Závěr: Přechod z léčby SHL na rFVIIIFc byl bez ohledu na věk spojen s lepší kontrolou krvácení a snížením počtu aplikací, zatímco spotřeba zůstala nezměněna. Přínosy byly zvláště výrazné u dětí.
Introduction: In haemophilia A, prophylaxis using factor VIII preparations with an extended biological half-life (EHL) is gradually gaining ground over standard half-life factors (SHL). One of representative of EHL is efmoroctocog alfa (rFVIIIFc). Objective: Retrospective evaluation of the transition from SHL to rFVIIIFc treatment in the routine clinical practice at three complex haemophilia centres in the Czech Republic. Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with severe haemophilia A in two age groups (< 12 and ≥ 12 years) previously treated with prophylactic SHL who were switched to rFVIIIFc. We evaluated bleeding control, injection frequency, factor consumption and attained trough levels. Results: 16 patients with an average age of 6.1 years were included in the group < 12 years, and 8 patients with an average age of 37.8 years were included in the group ≥ 12 years. Group < 12 years: Compared with SHL, treatment with rFVIIIFc resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the mean annual ABR bleeding rate (2.69 ± 2.24 vs. 0.69 ± 1.02; P = 0.0015) and the number of weekly applications (3 ± 0.45 vs. 2.21 ± 0.29; P = 0.0008). The proportion of patients without bleeding increased from 12.5% to 62.5%. Factor consumption was similar and differences in mean trough levels (%) were not statistically significant (1.37 ± 0.85 vs. 1.66 ± 0.79). Group ≥ 12 years: Compared to SHL, treatment with rFVIIIFc led to a statistically significant decrease in the mean number of applications (2.62 ± 0.62 vs. 1.88 ± 0.13; P = 0.0223) and an increase in mean trough levels (1.75 ± 1.01 vs. 2.7 ± 1.28; P = 0.0223) with the same factor consumption. The decrease in ABR was not statistically significant (mean 2.38 ± 1.51 vs. 1.13 ± 1.81; P = 0.0707). The proportion of patients without bleeding was 12.5% for SHL and 62.5% for rFVIIIFc. Conclusion: The switch from SHL treatment to rFVIIIFc was associated with better bleeding control and reduced application number regardless of age, while factor consumption remained unchanged. Benefits were particularly important in children.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- faktor VIII * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- hemofilie A * farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- krvácení prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- poločas MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Emicizumab je prvním zástupcem nefaktorové léčby v prevenci krvácení u hemofilie A. Jeho používání v České republice se postupně rozšiřuje, u dětí s inhibitorem koagulačního faktoru FVIII se stal zcela oprávněně standardem péče. U dětí bez inhibitoru se množství pacientů takto léčených postupně navyšuje, počítat je však nutno se skutečností, že vzhledem k relativně krátké klinické zkušenosti s jeho používáním i při velmi dobrých parametrech bezpečnosti a účinnosti emicizumabu jsou v klinické praxi přítomné otázky, na které postupně hledáme odpovědi, které usnadní optimalizovat jeho podávání.
Emicizumab is the first representative of non-factorial treatment in prevention of bleeding in hemophilia A. Use of emicizumab in the Czech Republic has been gradually expanding, it has become a standard of care in children with coagulation factor FVIII inhibitor. In children without inhibitor, the number of treated patients has been gradually increasing, but it is necessary to take into account the fact that due to relatively short clinical experience with use of emicizumab, even with very good safety and efficacy parameters, there have been still questions present in clinical practice, to which we are gradually seeking answers, and which will make easier to optimize its use.
