- MeSH
- AIDS * farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- antivirové látky dějiny MeSH
- chemie organická MeSH
- cidofovir MeSH
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- kombinace léků emtricitabin a tenofovir MeSH
- schvalování léčiv dějiny MeSH
- tenofovir MeSH
- vyvíjení léků dějiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 20. století MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- Publikační typ
- historické články MeSH
- O autorovi
- Holý, Antonín, 1936-2012 Autorita
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this international multicentre study was to review potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) for real-life coadministration of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-specific medications. METHODS: The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group initiated a retrospective, observational cohort study of HIV-positive patients diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire and DDIs were identified using the University of Liverpool's interaction checker. RESULTS: In total, 524 (94.1% of 557) patients received cART at COVID-19 onset: 117 (22.3%) were female, and the median age was 42 (interquartile range 36-50) years. Only 115 (21.9%) patients were hospitalized, of whom 34 required oxygen therapy. The most frequent nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone was tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) with lamivudine or emtricitabine (XTC) (79.3%) along with an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) (68.5%), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) (17.7%), protease inhibitor (PI) (13.7%) or other (2.5%). In total, 148 (28.2%) patients received COVID-19-specific treatments: corticosteroids (15.7%), favipiravir (7.1%), remdesivir (3.1%), hydroxychloroquine (2.7%), tocilizumab (0.6%) and anakinra (0.2%). In total, 62 DDI episodes were identified in 58 patients (11.8% of the total cohort and 41.9% of the COVID-19-specific treatment group). The use of boosted PIs and elvitegravir accounted for 43 DDIs (29%), whereas NNRTIs were responsible for 14 DDIs (9.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis from the Central and Eastern European region on HIV-positive persons receiving COVID-19-specific treatment, it was found that potential DDIs were common. Although low-dose steroids are mainly used for COVID-19 treatment, comedication with boosted antiretrovirals seems to have the most frequent potential for DDIs. In addition, attention should be paid to NNRTI coadministration.
- MeSH
- adenin terapeutické užití MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emtricitabin terapeutické užití MeSH
- farmakoterapie COVID-19 MeSH
- HIV infekce * farmakoterapie MeSH
- HIV séropozitivita * farmakoterapie MeSH
- inhibitory reverzní transkriptasy MeSH
- látky proti HIV * terapeutické užití MeSH
- lékové interakce MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- tenofovir škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- antiretrovirové látky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- HIV infekce * epidemiologie přenos prevence a kontrola MeSH
- homosexualita mužská MeSH
- kombinace léků emtricitabin a tenofovir aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- látky proti HIV aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- preexpoziční profylaxe MeSH
- sexuální a genderové menšiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV infection is an important intervention for control of the HIV epidemic. The incidence of HIV infection is increasing in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Therefore, we investigated the change in PrEP use in CEE over time. METHODS: The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group was initiated in February 2016 to compare standards of care for HIV and viral hepatitis infections in CEE. Data on access to PrEP were collected from 23 countries through online surveys in May-June 2017 (76 respondents) and in November 2018-May 2019 (28 respondents). RESULTS: About 34.2% of respondents stated that tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) was licensed for use in their country in 2017, and 66.7% that it was licensed for use in 2018 (P = 0.02). PrEP was recommended in national guidelines in 39.5% of responses in 2017 and 40.7% in 2018 (P = 0.378). About 70.7% of respondents were aware of "informal" PrEP use in 2017, while 66.6% were aware of this in 2018 (P = 0.698). In 2018, there were 53 centres offering PreP (the highest numbers in Poland and Romania), whereas six countries had no centres offering PreP. The estimated number of HIV-negative people on PreP in the region was 4500 in 2018. Generic TDF/FTC costs (in Euros) ranged from €10 (Romania) to €256.92 (Slovakia), while brand TDF/FTC costs ranged from €60 (Albania) to €853 (Finland). CONCLUSIONS: Although the process of licensing TDF/FTC use for PrEP has improved, this is not yet reflected in the guidelines, nor has there been a reduction in the "informal" use of PrEP. PrEP remains a rarely used preventive method in CEE countries.
- MeSH
- emtricitabin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- HIV infekce prevence a kontrola MeSH
- látky proti HIV aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- preexpoziční profylaxe metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- tenofovir aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Cíl práce: Zhodnocení nákladové efektivity farmakologické pre-expoziční profylaxe (PrEP) kombinací emtricitabin/tenofovir disoproxyl fumarát (FTC/TDF) na přenos infekce lidským virem imunodeficience u vysoce rizikových pacientů v České republice. Materiál a metody: Byl vytvořen farmakoekonomický model, který porovnává náklady a přínosy v kohortě pacientů s PrEP a bez profylaxe. Model sestává z úvodního rozhodovacího stromu, ve kterém je hodnocen krátkodobý přínos profylaxe (podíl HIV infikovaných) a následných Markovových řetězců, ve kterých je simulován přirozený vývoj onemocnění podle počtu CD4+ T lymfocytů. Efektivita PrEP, pravděpodobnost přechodů mezi jednotlivými kategoriemi infekce HIV, náklady na kategorii a kvalita života vychází z publikované literatury. Výsledky jsou prezentovány jako inkrementální náklady na rok života v plné kvalitě (ICER/QALY) v celoživotním horizontu s 3% diskontací nákladů a přínosů. Výsledky: Profylaxe FTC/TDF je dominantní, tzn. že generuje nižší náklady a vyšší přínos (hodnocený jako QALY) v porovnání s kontrolní skupinou bez profylaxe. Analýza senzitivity modelovala všechny relevantní parametry analýzy a ve všech scénářích byla dominance PrEP potvrzena. Závěr: Farmakoekonomická analýza v podmínkách České republiky potvrdila, že preventivní farmakologická intervence (FTC/TDF) u vysoce rizikové populace mužů majících sex s muži je nákladově efektivní, resp. náklady šetřící v celoživotním časovém horizontu.
Objectives: To assess the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) using a combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) with respect to HIV transmission in high-risk patients in the Czech Republic. Material and methods: A pharmacoeconomic model was constructed to compare costs and outcomes in a cohort with and without PrEP. Initially, a decision tree is used to evaluate short-term benefits of PrEP (proportion of HIV-infected individuals), followed by Markov cycles to simulate the course of the disease based on CD4 lymphocyte counts. The efficacy of PrEP, probability of transition between HIV infection stages, costs per category and quality of life data were derived from the literature. The results are presented as an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of incremental costs and incremental quality adjusted life-years (ICER/QALY) in a lifetime horizon with a 3% annual discount rate of costs and benefits. Results: The FTC/TDF prophylaxis is dominant, that is, it generates lower costs and higher benefits (expressed as QALYs) in comparison with the control group without prophylaxis. A sensitivity analysis modelled all relevant parameters and all scenarios confirmed the PrEP dominance. Conclusions: A cost-effectiveness analysis in the Czech Republic setting confirmed that pharmacological PrPE intervention is cost-effective, or cost-saving, in a high-risk population of men having sex with men, using a lifetime horizon.
- MeSH
- antiretrovirové látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- chemoprofylaxe metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- HIV infekce * ekonomika prevence a kontrola MeSH
- homosexualita mužská MeSH
- kombinace léků emtricitabin a tenofovir terapeutické užití MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- látky proti HIV MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- preexpoziční profylaxe * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV infection has been introduced in only a few European countries. We investigated the potential to provide PrEP in the Central and Eastern European region, and in neighbouring countries. METHODS: The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group was formed in February 2016 to review standards of care for HIV infection in the region. Information related to PrEP was collected through on-line surveys. Respondents were recruited by ECEE members based on their involvement in HIV care. RESULTS: Seventy-six respondents from 23 countries participated in the survey. Twenty-six (34.2%) respondents reported that PrEP [tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)] was registered by the drug registration authority in their country. Fifty-three (70.7%) respondents reported being aware of 'informal' PrEP use in their country. If they had access to PrEP, 56 (74.7%) would advise its use in their practice. Forty-five (59.2%) respondents had concerns regarding PrEP use, and 10 (13.3%) expressed the need for more training. Most of the respondents (88.2%) would provide PrEP to people with high-risk behaviours. CONCLUSIONS: PrEP is already used informally in some countries in the region. Physicians are keen to use PrEP if and when it is accessible. Obstacles towards implementing PrEP in those countries were mostly related to lack of national guidelines, drug registration and governmental strategy.
- MeSH
- bezpečný sex MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- emtricitabin terapeutické užití MeSH
- HIV infekce prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- preexpoziční profylaxe metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- standardní péče MeSH
- tenofovir terapeutické užití MeSH
- zdravotnický personál MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Genvoya,
- MeSH
- chinolony farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- HIV infekce * epidemiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- HIV-1 * účinky léků MeSH
- kobicistat farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kombinace léků emtricitabin a tenofovir farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- látky proti HIV * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Zidovudine (AZT) and emtricitabine (FTC) are effective and well tolerated antiretroviral drugs, routinely used in the prevention of perinatal HIV transmission. However, precise mechanism(s) involved in their transfer from mother to fetus are not fully elucidated. Since both drugs are nucleoside analogues, we hypothesized that the mechanisms of their transplacental passage might include equilibrative nucleoside transporters, ENT1 and/or ENT2. METHODS: To address this issue, we performed in vitro accumulation assays in the BeWo placental trophoblast cell line, ex vivo uptake studies in fresh villous fragments isolated from human placenta and in situ dually perfused rat term placenta experiments. RESULTS: Applying this complex array of methods, we did not prove that ENTs play a significant role in transfer of AZT or FTC across the placenta. DISCUSSION: We conclude that the transplacental passage of AZT and FTC is independent of ENTs. Disposition of either compound into the fetal circulation should thus not be affected by ENT-mediated drug-drug interactions or placental expression of the transporters.
- MeSH
- ekvilibrační proteiny přenášející nukleosidy metabolismus MeSH
- emtricitabin farmakokinetika MeSH
- inhibitory reverzní transkriptasy farmakokinetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- placenta metabolismus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zidovudin farmakokinetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- adenin MeSH
- deoxycytidin MeSH
- emtricitabin terapeutické užití MeSH
- HIV infekce prevence a kontrola MeSH
- látky proti HIV terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- organofosfáty MeSH
- preexpoziční profylaxe * MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- tenofovir terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Long-term treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) alone, or in combination with emtricitabine (FTC) is associated with sustained viral suppression in patients with lamivudine resistant (LAM-R) chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS: LAM-R CHB patients were randomised 1:1 to receive TDF 300mg or FTC 200mg and TDF 300mg once daily in a prospective, double blind, study. The proportion of patients with plasma hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA<69IU/ml (<400copies/ml) at week 96 (primary efficacy endpoint) was reported previously. Here we present week 240 follow-up data. RESULTS: Overall, 280 patients were randomised to receive TDF (n=141) or FTC/TDF (n=139), and 85.4% completed 240weeks of treatment. At week 240, 83.0% of patients in the TDF arm, and 82.7% of patients in the FTC/TDF treatment arm had HBV DNA<69IU/ml (p=0.96). Rates of normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and normalised ALT were similar between groups (p=0.41 and p=0.97 respectively). Hepatitis B e antigen loss and seroconversion at week 240 were similar between groups, (p=0.41 and p=0.67 respectively). Overall, six patients achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and one patient (FTC/TDF arm) had HBsAg seroconversion by week 240. No TDF resistance was observed up to week 240. Treatment was generally well tolerated, and renal events were mild and infrequent (∼8.6%). The mean change in bone mineral density at week 240 was -0.98% and -2.54% at the spine and hip, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TDF monotherapy was effective and well tolerated in LAM-R CHB patients for up to 240weeks. LAY SUMMARY: The goal of oral antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is to achieve and maintain undetectable HBV DNA levels. Treatment options with enhanced potency, and low risk of resistance development for patients infected with lamivudine resistant (LAM-R) HBV are required. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy was effective and well tolerated without TDF resistance development in CHB patients with LAM-R, for up to 240weeks. Clinical trial number: NCT00737568.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chronická hepatitida B * farmakoterapie virologie MeSH
- DNA virů krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
- emtricitabin * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny e krev MeSH
- hepatitida B - antigeny povrchové krev MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování léčiv MeSH
- tenofovir * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- virová léková rezistence MeSH
- virová nálož účinky léků MeSH
- virus hepatitidy B * účinky léků izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH