Portable household air purifiers are widely used devices designed to maintain a high-quality level of indoor air. Portable air purifiers equipped with the high-efficiency air (HEPA) filter served 100 h in a household space occupied by two adults without any symptoms of respiratory tract infection. The main objective of the study was to determine microbial contamination on the HEPA filter and to investigate if the selected nanotextile monolayer made of polyamide 6 (PA6) nanofibers can capture potential microorganisms when installed downstream of the HEPA filter as the final filtration medium. Samples were taken from the inlet and outlet surfaces. Samples from the nanotextile were collected in the same manner as from the HEPA filter. QIAStat DX® 1.0 Analyzer using the Respiratory SARS CoV-2 Panel multiplex PCR detection system was selected for microorganism detection. Adenovirus was detected on the inlet surface of the HEPA filter. The outlet surface of the filter contained no viruses included in the Respiratory SARS CoV-2 Panel portfolio. The nanotextile monolayer was replaced twice during the 100 h of operation, so three pieces were used and all contained coronavirus 229 E. Coronavirus 229 E was then detected in the nasopharynx of one of the members of the household as well. It may be assumed that the selected nanotextile is capable of capturing a virus of a small size.
- MeSH
- filtrace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- syndrom akutního respiračního selhání * MeSH
- vzduchové filtry * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
V súvislosti s neustále stúpajúcou prevalenciou alergicky podmienených ochorení vo svete sa do popredia dostávajú možnosti ich prevencie vzniku a progresie. Jedným z častých faktorov zhoršenej kontroly alergickej rinokonjuktivitídy a bronchiálnej astmy u predisponovaných jedincov s atopiou je senzibilizácia na alergény zvierat. Mačka domáca je častým domácim maznáčikom. V rámci terciárnej prevencie symptómov a progresie ochorení u senzibilizovaných pacientov je dôležité v týchto prípadoch zamedziť, respektíve obmedziť expozíciu zvieracím alergénom. V mnohých prípadoch však odstránenie zvieraťa z domácnosti nie je možné vzhľadom na úzku citovú väzbu a náklonnosť členov domácnosti. V rámci redukcie expozície mačacím aeroalergénom vzduchová filtrácia ako jedna z režimových modalít môže prispieť k lepšej kontrole a redukcii symptómov alergikov.
In connection with constantly increasing prevalence of allergic dependent diseases more attention is focused on the options of preventability and progression of these diseases. Sensibilisation on animal dander in predisposed atopic individuals is one of the most common factors of losing control in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma. The domestic cat is a popular pet in many households. Measures to prevent or limit exposure to animal allergens are important in tertial prevention of symptoms and progression of associated diseases in sensitized patients. In many cases is to get rid out of animal from household very difficult due to the strong and close emotional attachment as well as the affection of the family members. Air filtration as an option to therapeutic management of allergic person sensitized to cat allergens can lead to a better control and symptom reduction of associated allergic diseases.
- MeSH
- alergeny * MeSH
- domácí zvířata imunologie MeSH
- filtrace MeSH
- kočky imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vzduchové filtry MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- COVID-19 prevence a kontrola MeSH
- dezinfekce * metody trendy MeSH
- epidemiologické studie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ozon MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 účinky záření MeSH
- ultrafialové záření MeSH
- vykuřování MeSH
- vzduchové filtry MeSH
- zařízení a zdroje radiace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Organic compounds like flame retardants (FRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are consistently found in both indoor and outdoor environments. There are many possible matrices for measurement of these compounds (e.g. indoor dust, air - passive and active air samples), but all methods have limitations, like the heterogeneous distribution of indoor dust, or noisy active air samplers. We used filters from building-wide heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) units to evaluate levels of PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and NFRs in indoor and outdoor environments, and to evaluate whether this method is feasible for screening semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in indoor and near-building outdoor environments. Detectable levels of FRs, PCBs, OCPs and PAHs were found, demonstrating that HVAC filters do collect SVOCs, with generally higher levels of PAHs in the incoming air filters and higher levels of PCBs, OCPs and FRs in the outgoing air filters. Levels of FRs, PCBs and OCPs in outgoing air were comparable to those measured using conventional active air sampling in the same building. The advantages of using HVAC filters are (1) integrated and homogeneous samples, as the whole building is sampled over typically a long timescale (months), and (2) samples are easy and cheap to collect and do not require prior deployment of samplers. The key disadvantage is that HVAC filters are not designed for analytical chemistry and thus the filter materials can have variable or unknown gas sorption and particle capture, and can have strong matrix effects during analysis.
- MeSH
- klimatizace MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly * analýza MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky * analýza MeSH
- retardanty hoření * analýza MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny * analýza MeSH
- vzduchové filtry * MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí * analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Stable antimicrobial nanofibrous membrane for air filtration based on polyamide 6 (hereafter PA6) modified by 1-dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) has been prepared by electrospinning using one-step technology, i.e. with modifying antimicrobial agent dissolved in spinning solution. Stability of antibacterial membrane function has been tested by air-blowing test to prove the permanency of chemical composition and antibacterial activity. X-ray diffraction, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) revealed the effect of modifying agent on structure and morphology of PA6 nanofibres. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrokinetic analysis and antibacterial tests proved the stability of chemical composition and antibacterial activity after air-blowing tests. Special air-blowing device has been constructed for this purpose. The results prove the applicability so prepared membrane for a long-term air-conditioning.
Cannabis (Cannabis spp.) use and cultivation continue to increase in many (European) countries. The illicit indoor cannabis plantations that supply Belgian and European cannabis markets create problems and concerns about health and safety of intervention staff, dismantling companies, the direct environment of cannabis plantations and, eventually, of cannabis users. Main risks may come from pesticide residues on plants, cultivation infrastructure and materials; left-over plant growth-promoting substances; mycotoxins from fungal pathogens on harvested plants; and/or high levels of cannabinoids in cannabis plant parts for consumption. In the present research, we report on pesticides found in illicit indoor cannabis plantations in Belgium. EN15662 QuEChERS extraction method and LC-MS/MS analysis were used to identify pesticides in indoor cannabis plantations and thus to evaluate the hazards associated with the use, cultivation and removal of cannabis plants in plantations as well as with dismantling activities in the cultivation rooms. We found pesticides in 64.3% of 72 cannabis plant samples and in 65.2% of 46 carbon filter cloth samples. Overall, 19 pesticides belonging to different chemical classes were identified. We found o-phenylphenol, bifenazate, cypermethrin, imidacloprid, propamocarb, propiconazole and tebuconazole, which is consistent with the commonly reported pesticides from literature. In only a few cases, pesticides found in bottles with a commercial label, were also identified in plant or stagnant water samples collected from the growth rooms where the bottles had been collected. We further revealed that, even though most pesticides have a low volatility, they could be detected from the carbon filters hanging at the ceiling of cultivation rooms. As a result, it is likely that pesticides also prevail in the plantation atmosphere during and after cultivation. The risk of inhaling the latter pesticides increases when plants sprayed with pesticides are intensively manipulated during dismantling activities. We conclude that pesticides represent an underestimated and under-documented health risk for intervention staff. The standard procedure for dismantling illicit indoor cannabis cultivation sites should be improved by including guidelines for appropriate personal protection equipment and dismantling protocols that take into account all possible hazards.
- MeSH
- Cannabis růst a vývoj MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obchodování s drogami * MeSH
- pesticidy analýza toxicita MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky prevence a kontrola MeSH
- rezidua pesticidů analýza toxicita MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky prevence a kontrola MeSH
- vzduchové filtry MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Belgie MeSH
This article presents a comparison of 2 very different options for removal of undesirable microorganisms and airborne pollutants from the indoor environment of hospitals, schools, homes, and other enclosed spaces using air purifiers and photocatalytic coatings based on nano titanium dioxide (TiO2 ). Both products were assessed by life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology from cradle-to-grave. The assessment also includes comparison of 2 different nano TiO2 production technologies, one by continuous hydrothermal synthesis and the other by a sulfate process. Results of the study showed a relatively large contribution of photocatalytic coatings to reducing the effects of selected indices in comparison with an air purifier, regardless of which nano TiO2 production method is used. Although the impacts of the sulfate process are significantly lower compared to those of hydrothermal synthesis when viewed in terms of production alone, taken in the context of the entire product life cycle, the net difference becomes less significant. The study has been elaborated within the Sustainable Hydrothermal Manufacturing of Nanomaterials (SHYMAN) project, which aims to develop competitive and sustainable continuous nanoparticle (NP) production technology based on supercritical hydrothermal synthesis. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:478-485. © 2016 SETAC.
- MeSH
- Aspergillus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- filtrace metody normy přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- izolace pacientů normy MeSH
- jednotky intenzivní péče normy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologie vzduchu normy MeSH
- transplantace MeSH
- vzduchové filtry mikrobiologie normy MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí * analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- bakteriologické techniky metody využití MeSH
- kultivační média MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiologické techniky * metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- mikrobiologie životního prostředí normy MeSH
- prostředí kontrolované MeSH
- prostředí zdravotnických zařízení normy MeSH
- vzduchové filtry * MeSH
- zdravotnické prostředky MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí analýza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
