Ceratothoa oestroides (Cymothoidea, Isopoda) is a generalist crustacean parasite that negatively affects the economic sustainability of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) aquaculture in the North-East Mediterranean. While mortalities are observed in fry and fingerlings, infection in juvenile and adult fish result in approximately 20% growth delay. A transcriptomic analysis (PCR array, RNA-Seq) was performed on organs (tongue, spleen, head kidney, and liver) from infected vs. Ceratothoa-free sea bass fingerlings. Activation of local and systemic immune responses was detected, particularly in the spleen, characterized by the upregulation of cytokines (also in the tongue), a general reshaping of the immunoglobulin (Ig) response and suppression of T-cell mediated responses. Interestingly, starvation and iron transport and metabolism genes were strongly downregulated, suggesting that the parasite feeding strategy is not likely hematophagous. The regulation of genes related to growth impairment and starvation supported the growth delay observed in infected animals. Most differentially expressed (DE) transcripts were exclusive of a specific organ; however, only in the tongue, the difference between infected and uninfected fish was significant. At the attachment/feeding site, the pathways involved in muscle contraction and intercellular junction were the most upregulated, whereas the pathways involved in fibrosis (extracellular matrix organization, collagen formation, and biosynthesis) were downregulated. These results suggest that parasite-inflicted damage is successfully mitigated by the host and characterized by regenerative processes that prevail over the reparative ones.
- MeSH
- cytokiny imunologie MeSH
- hlavová ledvina * imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- Isopoda imunologie MeSH
- játra * imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci ryb * imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat * imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- Percoidea * imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středozemní moře MeSH
Species of Hepatozoon Miller, 1908 are vector-borne parasites that infect domestic and wild animals worldwide. Hepatozoon ursi Kubo, Uni, Agatsuma, Nagataki, Panciera et al., 2008 was reported from bears (Ursidae) in Japan and India. The present study represents the first report of infection with H. ursi in Turkish brown bears (Ursus arctos Linnaeus) by microscopic and molecular analysis. Two dead brown bears were found in Uzundere and Pasinler districts of Erzurum. Blood and visceral organ (spleen and liver) samples were delivered to laboratory by the Nature Conservation and National Parks officers. Detected gamonts were evaluated based on morphological features and confirmed as gamonts of H. ursi. The size of gamonts and parasitemia were 8.2 × 3.5 μm (6.9-8.7 × 3.0-3.9 μm; n = 12) and 0.6% (6/1000 leukocytes), respectively. The blood and visceral organ samples were positive for species of Hepatozoon by PCR targeting partial sequence of 18S rDNA. Sequence analysis of newly obtained sequences of H. ursi showed 98.8-100% identity with previously sequenced isolates of H. ursi. Sequences of H. ursi from Erzurum were identical to each other and showed 100% identity with isolates of H. ursi from ticks Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus), Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantzev and Hyalomma marginatum Koch collected from two brown bears in Turkey (GenBank accession numbers MN463021, MN463022, MN905023). Analysis of partial sequences of the 18S rRNA gene of H. ursi showed that Turkish isolates differ in NT substitutions found at three different positions [72 (A→G), 537 (A→G) and 570 (A→T)]. This study provides morphological and molecular data of H. ursi infection in brown bears from two districts of Erzurum, Turkey. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether brown bears have any eco-epidemiologic importance in the life cycle of H. ursi in wildlife.
- MeSH
- Eucoccidiida * genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- játra parazitologie MeSH
- klíšťata parazitologie MeSH
- klíště parazitologie MeSH
- krev parazitologie MeSH
- medvědovití * parazitologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- slezina parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Turecko MeSH
Individual developmental stages of blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni excrete or secrete a different set of molecules. Here we describe optimized protocols for collection of excretory/secretory products (E/S products) from cercariae, schistosomula, adult worms, and eggs. These E/S products are essential for successful parasitism functioning at the host-parasite interface, enabling invasion into the host and contributing to the survival of the parasite by modulation of host physiology and immune responses. Collection of sufficient amounts of E/S products is required for detailed research of these processes.
- MeSH
- cerkárie fyziologie MeSH
- játra parazitologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku metody MeSH
- ovum fyziologie MeSH
- Schistosoma mansoni růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- stadia vývoje * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Případ popisuje výskyt echinokokové infekce u lemura tmavého (Eulemur macaco macaco) v olomoucké zoologické zahradě. Diagnóza byla stanovena na základě sonografického vyšetření a následného mikroskopického vyšetření punktátu, který obsahoval protoskolexy tasemnic. Jako terapie byla zvolena metoda PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, re-aspiration) a doprovodná aplikace fenbendazolu. Vzhledem ke zhoršení zdravotního stavu bylo zvíře utraceno. Postmortální vyšetření prokázalo velký cystický útvar obalený mezenteriem vyplňující téměř celou dutinu břišní a menší cystický útvar na řezu spongiózního charakteru v játrech. V aspirátu i v obsahu drobných cyst byly mikroskopicky detekovány jednotlivé i mnohočetné protoskolexy odpovídající rodu Echinococcus. Vzhledem k charakteru stěny cysty a germinativní vrstvy se jednalo o infekci Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolární echinokokózu). Identifikace původce byla potvrzena také na základě molekulární analýzy.
The case report describes the incidence of echinococcosis in black lemur (Eulemur macaco macaco) in the Olomouc zoological garden. The diagnosis was established on the sonographic examination and subsequent microscopic examination of the aspirate, which contained protoscoleces of tapeworms. As a therapy method was chosen PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, re-aspiration) and fenbendazole treatment. Due to exacerbation of the health conditions, the animal was euthanized. Post-mortal examinations revealed a large cystic formation coated by the mesentery in abdominal cavity, and a small polycystic lesion in the liver. The protoscoleces corresponding to the genus Echinococcus were detected in the cyst contains. Determination of Echinococcus multilocularis infection (alveolar echinococcosis) was based on the cyst wall morphology and confirmed by molecular analysis.
- Klíčová slova
- metoda PAIR,
- MeSH
- Echinococcus multilocularis izolace a purifikace MeSH
- echinokokóza jater * parazitologie patologie veterinární terapie MeSH
- eutanazie u zvířat MeSH
- játra parazitologie patologie ultrasonografie MeSH
- Lemur MeSH
- zvířata v ZOO * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Infection with Fascioloides magna (Digenea) causes serious damage to liver tissue in definitive hosts represented by ruminants, especially cervids. The distribution of F. magna includes the indigenous areas in North America, and the areas to which F. magna was introduced-Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and Italy. The North American intermediate host of F. magna, the freshwater snail Pseudosuccinea columella (Lymnaeidae), is an invasive species recorded in South America, the Caribbean, Africa, Australia, and west and Southeast Europe. In Europe, Galba truncatula is the snail serving for transmission, but P. columella has potential to become here a new intermediate host of F. magna. Little is known about interactions between F. magna and P. columella. In this study, the susceptibility of P. columella (Oregon, USA) to the infection by a single miracidium of the Czech strain of F. magna and the influence of F. magna on snail fecundity, shell height, and survival were evaluated. The data show that the Oregon strain of P. columella is a highly suitable host for the Czech strain of F. magna, with the infection rate of 74 %. In addition, a negative effect on survival rate of infected snails was recorded only in the late phase of infection. The infection was accompanied by a major reduction in egg mass production and by a decrease in the number of eggs per egg mass. The shell height of infected snails did not significantly differ from that in unexposed controls.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica klasifikace genetika patogenita MeSH
- fasciolóza epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- fertilita MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- játra parazitologie patologie MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- molekulární typizace MeSH
- ovum parazitologie MeSH
- vysoká zvěř parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika epidemiologie MeSH
- Austrálie epidemiologie MeSH
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- Jižní Amerika epidemiologie MeSH
- karibský region epidemiologie MeSH
- Severní Amerika epidemiologie MeSH
During 2012-2014 up to 286 birds of the orders Falconiformes (5 species), Accipitriformes (11 species), and Strigiformes (7 species) were examined for trematodes and this represents the first detailed study in Slovakia. A total of 12 trematode species belonging to the families Diplostomidae, Cyathocotylidae, Strigeidae, and Opisthorchiidae were identified. Rare infections were found in falcons where only two species (40 %) and three of 85 examined birds (3.5 %) were infected with a low range of two to four worms of generalists Strigea falconis or Plagiorchis elegans. Contrary to that, ten accipitriformes species (90.9 %) and 63 of 156 bird individuals (40.4 %) were infected with nine flukes: Conodiplostomum perlatum, Conodiplostomum spathula, Neodiplostomum attenuatum, Neodiplostomum spathoides, Parastrigea flexilis, Strigea falconis, Strigea vandenbrokae, Paracoenogonimus ovatus, and Metorchis bilis. S. falconis and N. attenuatum were the most frequent, occurring in parallel in eight and four bird species, in numbers up to 575 and 224. The intensity of infection with other fluke species was low ranging from one to 13 worms. Three owl (Strigiformes) representatives (42.9 %) were exclusive hosts for Neodiplostomum canaliculatum and Strigea strigis, and the proportion of positive and dissected individual birds was 10:45 (22.2 %). Both trematodes occurred in two or three owl species. In conclusion, apparent dissimilarity of trematode load of three unrelated lines of falcons, eagles, and owls was revealed. The present study extends our knowledge on the composition of the trematode fauna in Slovakia as all species except S. falconis and P. elegans that represent new host and species records in Slovakia.
- MeSH
- dravci parazitologie MeSH
- Falconiformes parazitologie MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- játra parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci střev epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- střeva parazitologie MeSH
- Stringiformes parazitologie MeSH
- Trematoda izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika epidemiologie MeSH
Myxozoans are parasitic cnidarians that infect a wide variety of hosts. Vertebrates typically serve as intermediate hosts whereas definitive hosts are invertebrates, including annelids and bryozoans. Myxozoans are known to exploit species in two of the three extant amphibian orders (Anura: frogs and toads; Caudata: newts and salamanders). Here we use museum collections to determine, to our knowledge for the first time, whether myxozoans also exploit the third amphibian order (Gymnophiona: caecilians). Caecilians are a poorly known group of limbless amphibians, the ecologies of which range from aquatic to fully terrestrial. We examined 12 caecilian species in seven families (148 individuals total) characterised by a diversity of ecologies and life histories. Using morphological and molecular surveys, we discovered the presence of the myxozoan Cystodiscus axonis in two South American species (one of seven examined families) of aquatic caecilians - Typhlonectes natans and Typhlonectes compressicauda. All infected caecilians had been maintained in captivity in the United Kingdom prior to their preservation. Cystodiscus axonis is known from several Australian frog species and its presence in caecilians indicates a capacity for infecting highly divergent amphibian hosts. This first known report of myxozoan infections in caecilians provides evidence of a broad geographic and host range. However, the source of these infections remains unknown and could be related to exposure in South America, the U.K. or to conditions in captivity.
- MeSH
- DNA izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hostitelská specificita * MeSH
- játra parazitologie MeSH
- ledviny parazitologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské činnosti MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- mozek parazitologie MeSH
- Myxozoa klasifikace genetika fyziologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- obojživelníci parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- žlučník parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Our survey of marine fish from South Africa and Indonesia revealed the presence of two new myxosporean species of the genus Sphaeromyxa for which we provide morphological and sequence data. Sphaeromyxa clini n. sp. detected in three Clinus spp. and Muraenoclinus dorsalis from South Africa is morphologically similar to Sphaeromyxa noblei previously described from Heteroclinus whiteleggii from Australia and to several other sphaeromyxids with arcuate spores and rounded ends. This similarity is reflected by phylogenetic positioning of S. clini n. sp. which clusters within the 'incurvata' group of the Sphaeromyxa clade. It differs from morphologically similar species by spore and polar capsule dimensions, host specificity and geographic distribution. Sphaeromyxa limocapitis n. sp., described from Gephyroberyx darwinii from Java, is morphologically similar to sphaeromyxids with straight spores and to marine Myxidium species with spindle-shaped spores but differs from them by spore and polar capsule dimensions, host specificity and geographic distribution. S. limocapitis n. sp. represents a separate lineage of the Sphaeromyxa clade and appears to be a missing link in the evolution of sphaeromyxids.
- MeSH
- DNA chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- játra parazitologie MeSH
- mořská voda MeSH
- Myxozoa anatomie a histologie klasifikace genetika ultrastruktura MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat parazitologie MeSH
- Perciformes parazitologie MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- žlučník parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indonésie MeSH
- Jihoafrická republika MeSH
As part of a biodiversity study in northwestern Hungary, we conducted a parasitological survey of small mammals. In both common shrews (Sorex araneus Linnaeus) and pygmy shrews (Sorex minutus Linnaeus), we found myxospores of a species of Soricimyxum Prunescu, Prunescu, Pucek et Lom, 2007 (Myxosporea) and plasmodia in the bile ducts within the liver. Spores from both species of shrewswere morphologically and morphometrically indistinguishable, but differed in their SSU rRNA gene sequences by 3.3%. We identified spores and developmental stages from the common shrew as Soricimyxum fegati Prunescu, Prunescu, Pucek et Lom, 2007, based on morphometric data and DNA sequence similarity. Spores from the pygmy shrew were only 96.7% similar to S. fegati, hence we identified them as a novel myxosporean Soricimyxum minuti sp. n. This is only the second myxosporean parasite species described from mammals.
- MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- játra parazitologie MeSH
- Myxozoa * anatomie a histologie genetika MeSH
- rejskovití * klasifikace parazitologie MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA metody MeSH
- spory MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- žlučové cesty parazitologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Maďarsko MeSH
A new haemogregarine species Hepatozoon affluomaloti sp. n. is described from erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of crag lizards Pseudocordylus melanotus (Smith) and Pseudocordylus subviridis (Smith) (Sauria: Cordylidae) from mountainous regions in the Eastern Free State, South Africa. This species can be distinguished from all other congeners based on its large size, staining properties and life cycle development in its vector, Culex (Afroculex) lineata (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae). Mature gamonts stain mostly uniformly pinkish-purple with Giemsa, sometimes containing darker azurophilic granules anterior and posterior to the nucleus. The reflexed posterior extremity of the gamont stage sometimes stains slightly deeper purple and the nucleus is dense and placed in the posterior third of the parasite body. Merogonic stages of this haemogregarine occur in the liver tissues of P. melanotus with dizoic meronts. Macromeronts contains 2-7 macromerozoites and micromeronts contains 9-24 micromerozoites. Sporogonic developmental stages found in the proposed final host and vector, C. lineata, include large oocysts, measuring 54 × 48 µm on average. Sporulating oocysts with 8 nuclei are present in mosquitoes 6-7 days post-feeding on infected lizards. Sporocysts with mature sporozoites measure 31.0 × 21.8 µm on average and each contains 2-8 large sporozoites. It is suggested that transmission of infective sporozoites is achieved through predation of lizards on mosquitoes.
- MeSH
- Apicomplexa * cytologie růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- Culicidae parazitologie MeSH
- erytrocyty parazitologie MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- játra parazitologie MeSH
- ještěři * parazitologie MeSH
- oocysty cytologie růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat krev přenos MeSH
- sporozoiti cytologie růst a vývoj ultrastruktura MeSH
- stadia vývoje MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- jižní Afrika MeSH
