This study investigates various microfluidic chip fabrication techniques, highlighting their applicability and limitations in the context of urgent diagnostic needs showcased by the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a detailed examination of methods such as computer numerical control milling of a polymethyl methacrylate, soft lithography for polydimethylsiloxane-based devices, xurography for glass-glass chips, and micromachining-based silicon-glass chips, we analyze each technique's strengths and trade-offs. Hence, we discuss the fabrication complexity and chip thermal properties, such as heating and cooling rates, which are essential features of chip utilization for a polymerase chain reaction. Our comparative analysis reveals critical insights into material challenges, design flexibility, and cost-efficiency, aiming to guide the development of robust and reliable microfluidic devices for healthcare and research. This work underscores the importance of selecting appropriate fabrication methods to optimize device functionality, durability, and production efficiency.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * virologie MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- dimethylpolysiloxany chemie MeSH
- laboratoř na čipu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofluidika metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- polymethylmethakrylát chemie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Mikrofluidika je inovativní obor, který se zabývá zpracováním malého množství kapaliny v mikrokanálech. V kombinaci s pokročilými analytickými technikami, jako je např. mikrofluidní PCR, nabízí významné výhody nejen pro analýzu genové exprese. Tato metoda využívá mikrokanály a mikroventily k přesnému dávkování a míchání činidel, čímž se minimalizuje spotřeba vzorku a činidla a také čas stráve‐ ný pipetováním. Tyto vlastnosti činí mikrofluidní PCR ideální pro analýzu genové exprese, kde je vyžadováno podrobné monitorování a kvantifikace mRNA. Jedním z přístrojů umožňujícím mikrofluidní PCR je Biomark X. Díky své schopnosti multiplexování a také díky své‐ mu mikrofluidnímu designu umožňuje analýzu mnoha vzorků současně. Tato pokročilá technologie má široké uplatnění v biologickém výzkumu, diagnostice a personalizované medicíně a nabízí nové příležitosti k objevování a pochopení genetických procesů.
Microfluidics is an innovative science that deals with the manipulation of small volumes of fluid in microchannels. In combination with advanced analytical techniques such as microfluidic PCR, it offers significant advantages not only for gene expression analysis. Microflui‐ dic PCR enables PCR reactions to be performed using very small sample volumes, as it utilizes microchannels and microvalves for precise reagent dispensing and mixing. This fact increases both sensitivity and accuracy of the analysis. The Biomark X instrument utilizes micro‐ fluidic PCR for gene expression analysis, as it is ideal for mRNA quantification. With its multiplexing capability and microfluidic design, it enables the analysis of multiple samples simultaneously. This advanced technology finds broad applications in biological research, diagnostics, and provides new opportunities for the discovery and understanding of genetic processes.
PCR has become one of the most valuable techniques currently used in bioscience, diagnostics and forensic science. Here we review the history of PCR development and the technologies that have evolved from the original PCR method. Currently, there are two main areas of PCR utilization in bioscience: high-throughput PCR systems and microfluidics-based PCR devices for point-of-care (POC) applications. We also discuss the commercialization of these techniques and conclude with a look into their modifications and use in innovative areas of biomedicine. For example, real-time reverse transcription PCR is the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 diagnoses. It could also be used for POC applications, being a key component of the sample-to-answer system.
- MeSH
- Betacoronavirus genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- koronavirové infekce diagnóza virologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- pandemie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- testování na COVID-19 MeSH
- virová pneumonie diagnóza virologie MeSH
- vyšetření u lůžka MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- biologie buňky ekonomika dějiny organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- cytologické techniky dějiny metody trendy MeSH
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- farmaceutický průmysl organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- fundraising organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- kongresy jako téma * dějiny organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malé podnikání ekonomika metody organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky přístrojové vybavení metody trendy MeSH
- obrazová cytometrie * dějiny metody trendy MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie * dějiny metody trendy MeSH
- společnosti vědecké ekonomika dějiny organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- výchova a vzdělávání dějiny organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- vynálezy * ekonomika trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 21. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Kanada MeSH
One of the challenging instrumental aspects in coupling an automated CE instrument with ESI mass spectrometry (CE-MS) is finding the balance between the stability, reproducibility and sensitivity of the analysis and compatibility with the standard CE instrumentation. Here, we present a development of a new liquid junction based electrospray interface for automated CE-MS, with a focus on the technical design followed by computer modeling of transport conditions as well as characterization of basic performance of the interface. This hybrid arrangement designed as a microfabricated unit attachable to the automated CE instrument allows using of a wide range of separation capillaries with respect to their diameter, length or internal coating (e.g., for suppressed electroosmotic flow). Different compositions of the ESI liquid and background electrolyte solutions can be used if needed. The microfabricated part, prepared by laser machining from polyimide, includes a self-aligning liquid junction, a short transport channel, and a pointed sprayer for the electrospray ionization. This microfabricated part is positioned in a plastic connection block securing the separation capillary and flushing ports. Transport conditions were modelled using computer simulation and the real life performance of the interface was compared to that of a commercial sheath liquid interface. The basic performance of the interface was demonstrated by separations of peptides, proteins, and oligosaccharides.
- MeSH
- chemické modely MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- laboratorní automatizace MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- proteiny analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The success of microfluidic immunocapture based on magnetic beads depends primarily on a sophisticated microscale separation system and on the quality of the magnetic immunosorbent. A microfluidic chip containing a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (μMSFB), developed for the capture and on-chip amplification of bacteria, was recently described by Pereiro et al.. The present work shows the thorough development of anti-Salmonella magnetic immunosorbents with the optimal capture efficiency and selectivity. Based on the corresponding ISO standards, these parameters have to be high enough to capture even a few cells of bacteria in a proper aliquot of sample, e.g. milk. The selection of specific anti-Salmonella IgG molecules and the conditions for covalent bonding were the key steps in preparing an immunosorbent of the desired quality. The protocol for immunocapturing was first thoroughly optimized and studied in a batchwise arrangement, and then the carrier was integrated into the μMSFB chip. The combination of the unique design of the chip (guaranteeing the collision of cells with magnetic beads) with the advanced immunosorbent led to a Salmonella cell capture efficiency of up to 99%. These high values were achieved repeatedly even in samples of milk differing in fat content. The rate of nonspecific capture of Escherichia coli (i.e. the negative control) was only 2%.
- MeSH
- Escherichia coli izolace a purifikace MeSH
- imunoglobulin G chemie MeSH
- imunomagnetická separace přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- laboratoř na čipu MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- mikrosféry MeSH
- mléko chemie MeSH
- Salmonella cytologie imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Motion of liquid droplets with a surface electric charge can be efficiently controlled by dc electric field. Here, we show that the surface of a dielectric kerosene droplet can be charged by the addition of ionic surfactants to a surrounding aqueous electrolyte. The direction of droplet motion is determined by the polarity of the surfactant charge and the orientation of the imposed electric field. We have found that the effective electrophoretic mobility of dielectric droplets in a confined channel is directly proportional to the logarithm of the surfactant concentration even for values significantly exceeding critical micelle concentration (CMC). We attribute this finding not only to adsorption of ionic surfactants to the surface of dielectric droplets but also to the weakening of electro-osmosis at channel walls due to the increase of ionic strength in the aqueous phase. Our findings can be exploited in microfluidic reactors and separators for on request dosing, sampling, and separation of dielectric fluids.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an extremely powerful analytical tool, which not only yields information about the molecular structure of the analyte in the form of characteristic vibrational spectrum but also gives sensitivities approaching those in fluorescence spectroscopy. The SERS measurement on the microfluidic platform provides possibility to manufacture the device with design perfectly fulfilling the needs of the application with minimal sample consumption. This review aims at describing basic strategies for SERS measurement in microfluidic devices published in the last decade and covers current trends in microfluidics with SERS detection in the field of bioanalysis and approaches toward on-line coupling of liquid-based separation techniques with SERS detection.
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- elektrochemické techniky přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- karbamazepin MeSH
- laboratoř na čipu MeSH
- mikroelektrody MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- neurony MeSH
- neurotoxiny analýza MeSH
- pitná voda analýza MeSH
