Point-of-Care ultrasound (POCUS) je ultrazvukové vyšetření prováděné u lůžka pacienta lékařem klinického oboru. POCUS je vhodným nástrojem pro rychlou diagnostiku a sledování stavu u mnoha pacientů vyšetřovaných internisty na urgentních příjmech a lůžkových odděleních, svoje využití má i v ambulantní praxi. Vyšetřujícímu lékaři umožňuje doplnit fyzikální vyšetření o další informace získané v reálném čase, a představuje užitečný nástroj pro diferenciální diagnostiku řady akutních stavů, jako je šok, dušnost apod. POCUS hrudníku zahrnuje orientační posouzení srdeční funkce a zhodnocení plicního parenchymu, včetně vyloučení perikardiálního výpotku, pneumothoraxu nebo fluidothoraxu. Jedna z nejčastějších aplikací POCUS představuje posouzení stavu žilní náplně vyšetřením dolní duté žíly. Při vyšetření břicha by internista měl být minimálně schopen diagnostikovat tekutinu v dutině břišní a vyloučit městnání v dutém systému ledvin. POCUS pro internisty také zahrnuje vyšetření žilních kmenů v tříslech a podkolení k vyloučení proximální žilní trombózy. Ani při provádění běžných invazivních výkonů se dnes bez ultrazvuku u lůžka neobjedeme, ať se jedná o punkce ascitu nebo pleurálního výpotku, nebo kanylaci centrální žíly. Výhodou POCUS je okamžitá dostupnost vyšetření a možnost libovolného opakování vyšetření při sledování vývoje stavu pacienta.

Point-of-Care ultrasound (POCUS) is bedside ultrasound examination performed by a clinician. POCUS is a suitable tool for rapid diagnosis and monitoring of the condition of many patients examined by internists in emergency departments and inpatient departments. POCUS allows the examining physician to supplement the physical examination with additional information obtained in real time, and is a useful tool for differential diagnosis of a number of acute conditions (shock, shortness of breath, etc.). Chest POCUS includes an indicative assessment of cardiac function and evaluation of the lung parenchyma, including exclusion of pericardial effusion, pneumothorax or fluidothorax. One of the most common applications of POCUS is to assess the state of the venous filling by examining the inferior vena cava. When examining the abdomen, the internist should at least be able to diagnose fluid in the abdominal cavity and exclude congestion in the hollow system of the kidney. POCUS for internists also includes examination of main venous trunks to rule out proximal venous thrombosis. Even when performing conventional invasive procedures, we cannot do without ultrasound at the bedside, whether it is a puncture of ascites or pleural effusion, or cannulation of the central vein. The advantage of POCUS is the immediate availability of the examination and the possibility to repeat scans when needed for monitoring the patient's condition.

• MeSH
• Abdomen diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Thorax diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Point-of-Care Testing * classification   MeSH
• Ultrasonography * classification   MeSH
• Internal Medicine methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Technology Assessment, Biomedical * MeSH
• Point-of-Care Testing * classification   standards   MeSH
• Quality Control MeSH

AIMS: This review is focused on the laboratory diagnoses of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by recognizing the antigen of the causative agent SARS-CoV-2 virus. Various antigen tests are available in this moment and these tests are being further developed in order to reach a better diagnostic value. The issue is reviewed in a complex view. METHODS: In this work, a complex survey of the current literature was made. The relevant and recent papers related to antigen tests of COVID-19 are discussed and cited. Basic specifications of the antigen tests and competitive methods were also scrutinized in the current literature. RESULTS: The survey of the current literature (years 2019 ‒ 2021) was made and diagnostic methods like lateral flow tests (lateral flow immunochromatographic assay) and various types of biosensors were specified as tools for COVID-19 diagnosis and their application to be used as a point-of-care test is considered. CONCLUSIONS: Small hand-held assays applicable in the point-of-care conditions for diagnosis of COVID-19 by analysis of SARS-CoV-2 antigen are the means of a growing interest and these means undergo a significant development leading to the improvements of their specifications and applicability to the current praxis. Merit of the assays is discussed in this paper (Tab. 3, Fig. 2, Ref. 109).

• MeSH
• COVID-19 diagnostic imaging   diagnosis   MeSH
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods   MeSH
• Immunoassay methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Point-of-Care Testing * classification   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 immunology   pathogenicity   MeSH
• COVID-19 Testing * classification   methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Urinalysis classification   MeSH
• Biomarkers analysis   MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures MeSH
• Immunologic Tests methods   MeSH
• Liver Function Tests classification   MeSH
• Chemistry, Clinical * methods   MeSH
• Clinical Laboratory Techniques * methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lyme Disease diagnosis   MeSH
• Bone Diseases, Metabolic diagnosis   MeSH
• Drug Monitoring MeSH
• Biomarkers, Tumor classification   MeSH
• Blood Specimen Collection methods   nursing   MeSH
• Point-of-Care Testing economics   classification   MeSH
• Pre-Analytical Phase MeSH
• Proteins analysis   classification   MeSH
• Sexually Transmitted Diseases diagnosis   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH