The present work aimed at purifying the intracellular fungal metabolites, such as 16-methylheptadecanoic acid methyl ester (HDA) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (ODA) from marine Trichoderma, Hypocrea lixii TSK8, Hypocrea rufa SKS2 respectively, and investigating their anticancer and antioxidant effects. The two fungal metabolites were tested against two human cancer cell lines, namely oral cancer (KB) and skin carcinoma (A431) by using MTT assay. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) against KB oral cancer cells were found to be 18.75 ± 0.12 μg/mL for HDA and 75.50 ± 0.42 μg/mL for ODA. Whereas IC50 values of HDA and ODA against A431 were found 37.5 ± 0.42 μg/mL and 72.89 ± 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the down-regulation of heat shock protein 90 kDa (HSP90) was confirmed by using SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. The effect of HDA induced apoptosis via ROS-dependent internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was confirmed by AGE analysis. We further evaluated the in vivo anti-skin cancer activity of HDA in Swiss albino mice induced with skin cancer by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and croton oil (CO). The in vivo hematological, biochemical and histopathological results revealed that the fungal metabolite HDA was a highly potent anticancer compound against the skin cancer.
- Keywords
- methyl ester 16-methylheptadekanové kyseliny (HDA) a 9, 12-oktodekanové kyseliny (ODA),
- MeSH
- Antioxidants isolation & purification therapeutic use MeSH
- Apoptosis genetics immunology drug effects MeSH
- DNA Fragmentation MeSH
- Fungi cytology isolation & purification metabolism MeSH
- Decanoic Acids * isolation & purification metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Disease Models, Animal MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Cell Line, Tumor cytology metabolism drug effects MeSH
- Skin Neoplasms drug therapy MeSH
- Oxidative Stress genetics immunology drug effects MeSH
- HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins immunology isolation & purification metabolism MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents * MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Trichoderma * genetics isolation & purification drug effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
Application of UV radiation to the strain Trichoderma sp. T-bt (isolated from lignite) resulted in the T-brm mutant which was resistant to the systemic fungicide benomyl. The tub2 gene sequence in the T-brm mutant differed from the parent as well as the collection strain (replacing tyrosine with histidine in the TUB2 protein). Under in vitro conditions this mutant exhibited a higher mycoparasitic activity toward phytopathogenic fungi.
- MeSH
- Antifungal Agents pharmacology MeSH
- Benomyl pharmacology MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Fungal Proteins genetics MeSH
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
- Mutation, Missense MeSH
- Amino Acid Substitution MeSH
- Trichoderma physiology drug effects radiation effects MeSH
- Ultraviolet Rays MeSH
- Virulence MeSH
The use of some classical fluorochromes and optical brighteners in the fluorescence microscopy of micromycetes was investigated. Of the 16 compounds tested on slide cultures of Trichoderma viride 3 were too toxic, whereas the other stained primarily hyphae with various intensity. Reproductive structures did not stain or stained only weakly. With respect to vital staining the optical brightener Blankophor RKH exhibited most favorable properties. It did not inhibit either the growth or sporulation and stained intensively hyphae, septa and growth apices in particular. It also induced intensive fluorescence of a growing yeast culture.
