BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There are limited data on real-world outcomes for patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) since immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) became available. Our objective was to analyze outcomes for patients with mUC since ICIs became available. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 131 patients with mUC attending the outpatient clinic of a single tertiary care center who received systemic therapy between June 2017 and July 2021 with follow-up up to December 2022. Summary and descriptive statistics were calculated for categorical and continuous variables. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to calculate survival, and a Cox proportional-hazards model was used to explore associations between clinical variables and outcomes. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: The median patient age was 68 yr (range 35-90). The first systemic therapy administered was platinum-based in 79% of cases and ICI-based in 21%. Some 61% of the cohort received a second systemic treatment, with 75% of these an ICI. Median overall survival for the entire cohort was 24 mo (interquartile range 9-35). Patients on ICI therapy for ≥6 mo had median overall survival of 59 mo (95% confidence interval 39 mo-not reached). Metastatic sites on initiation of ICI therapy and C-reactive protein kinetics were prognostic in patients receiving ICIs. Limitations include the retrospective design and inherent selection bias. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: More than 60% of patients with mUC received second-line treatment, and 75% of these received an ICI. Patients staying on immunotherapy for more than 6 mo have substantially better outcomes in comparison to patients with less time on immunotherapy and historical cohorts. PATIENT SUMMARY: We looked at the lines of therapy and outcomes for patients with advanced or metastatic cancer of the urinary tract, starting from when immunotherapy drugs called immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) became available. We found that 60% of patients have received second-line therapy, which is a double the rate in comparison to historical groups of patients. Patients with long-term ICI therapy (>6 months) had significantly better outcomes, with a median survival of more than 3 years.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunoterapie * metody MeSH
- inhibitory kontrolních bodů * terapeutické užití MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk * farmakoterapie sekundární patologie MeSH
- lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádory močového měchýře * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- urologické nádory farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
CONTEXT: The optimal therapeutic agent with respect to metastatic sites is unclear in advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the metastatic organotropism differential treatment response in patients with advanced or metastatic UC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic search and network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. The primary endpoints of interest were the objective response rate, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival with respect to different metastatic sites. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Twenty-six trials comprising 9082 patients met our eligibility criteria, and a formal NMA was conducted. Durvalumab plus tremelimumab as first-line systemic therapy was significantly associated with better OS than chemotherapy in visceral metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67-0.98). Pembrolizumab as second-line systemic therapy was significantly associated with better OS than chemotherapy in patients with visceral metastasis (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60-0.95). Atezolizumab as second-line systemic therapy was significantly associated with better OS than chemotherapy in patients with liver metastasis (in the population of >5% of tumor-infiltrating immune cells) and lymph node metastasis (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.96, and HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.96, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of immune-oncology treatments with respect to metastatic sites in patients with advanced or metastatic UC might have a positive impact on survival outcomes in both the first- and the second-line setting. Nevertheless, further investigations focusing on metastatic organotropism differential response with reliable oncological outcomes are needed to identify the optimal management strategy for these patients. PATIENT SUMMARY: Although the supporting evidence for oncological benefits of therapeutic systemic agents with respect to metastatic sites is not yet strong enough to provide a recommendation in advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, clinicians may take into account tumor organotropism only in discussion with the patient fully informed on the optimal treatment decision to be taken.
- MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk * farmakoterapie sekundární mortalita patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázy nádorů MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma * MeSH
- síťová metaanalýza * MeSH
- urologické nádory farmakoterapie patologie mortalita MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) accounts for the 5-10% of all urothelial carcinomas (UCs). In this analysis, we reported the real-world data from the ARON-2 study (NCT05290038) on the efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with UTUC who recurred or progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy. Medical records of patients with metastatic UTUC treated with pembrolizumab as second-line therapy were reviewed from 34 institutions in 14 countries. Patients were assessed for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall response rate (ORR). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the association of variables of interest with OS and PFS. 235 patients were included in our analysis. Median OS was 8.6 months (95% CI 6.6-12.1), the 1 year OS rate was 43% while the 2 years OS rate 29%. The median PFS was 5.1 months (95% CI 3.9-6.9); 46% of patients were alive at 6 months, 34% at 12 months and 25% at 24 months. According to RECIST 1.1, 18 patients (8%) experienced complete response (CR), 57 (24%) partial response (PR), 44 (19%) stable disease (SD), and 116 (49%) progressive disease (PD), with an ORR of 32%. Our study confirms the effectiveness of pembrolizumab in patients pretreated with a platinum-based combination, irrespective of their sensitivity to the first-line treatment and of their histology. In addition, we emphasized the limited benefit of the treatment with pembrolizumab in patients with hepatic metastases and poor ECOG performance status.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * terapeutické užití MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk * farmakoterapie patologie mortalita sekundární MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protinádorové látky imunologicky aktivní terapeutické užití MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- urologické nádory farmakoterapie patologie mortalita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
PURPOSE: This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prognostic value of preoperative blood-based biomarkers in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) treated with nephroureterectomy. METHODS: PUBMED, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched in June 2019 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they compared cancer-specific survival in UTUC patients with and without pretreatment laboratory abnormalities. Formal meta-analyses were performed for this outcome. RESULTS: The review identified 54 studies with 23,118 patients, of these, 52 studies with 22,513 patients were eligible for the meta-analysis. Several preoperative blood-based biomarkers were significantly associated with cancer-specific survival as follows: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (pooled hazard ratio [HR]: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.34-2.06), C-reactive protein (pooled HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.29), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (pooled HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.30-2.17), white blood cell (pooled HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.02-2.46), De Ritis ratio (pooled HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.92-2.99), fibrinogen (pooled HR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.86-2.68), albumin-globulin ratio (pooled HR: 3.00, 95% CI: 1.87-4.84), hemoglobin (pooled HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.22-1.87), and estimate glomerular filtration rate (pooled HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.19-1.94). The Cochrane's Q test and I2 test revealed significant heterogeneity for neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, white blood cell, hemoglobin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.022; I2 = 50.7%, P = 0.000; I2 = 80.4%, P = 0.000; I2 = 88.3%, P = 0.010; I2 = 62.0%, P = 0.000; I2 = 83.9%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Several pretreatment laboratory abnormalities in patients with UTUC were associated with increased risks of cancer-specific mortality. Therefore, blood-based biomarkers may have the potential to serve as prognostic factors to assist patients and physicians in selecting appropriate treatment strategies for UTUC. However, considering the study limitations including heterogeneity and retrospective nature of the primary data, the conclusions should be interpreted with caution.
- MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk krev mortalita sekundární MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery krev MeSH
- nádory ledvin krev mortalita chirurgie MeSH
- nádory močovodu krev mortalita chirurgie MeSH
- nefroureterektomie * MeSH
- předoperační období MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review provides an overview of currently ongoing clinical trials evaluating the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) with other therapies in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer and the rationale for this combination approach. We discuss the preliminary results from early data presented at recent meetings regarding the efficacy and safety of novel combination therapies including a CPI for metastatic urothelial cancer. RECENT FINDINGS: CPI emerged as novel first-line or second-line treatment options in advanced and metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). Although the response rates and their sustainability are promising, it is far from a home run. Combination therapies have already shown improved efficacy in several other tumor entities. SUMMARY: Numerous clinical trials currently investigate combinations of CPI with other CPI, previously established systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapies, vaccines, or accompanied with radiotherapy. Preliminary data shows promising results. These results suggest that targeting pathways of immune response combined with established or novel oncological therapies may lead to a synergistic antitumor effect.
- MeSH
- inhibitory kontrolních bodů terapeutické užití MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk farmakoterapie sekundární MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protinádorové látky imunologicky aktivní terapeutické užití MeSH
- urologické nádory farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- antigen CTLA-4 terapeutické užití MeSH
- antigeny CD279 * antagonisté a inhibitory terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * terapeutické užití MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk * farmakoterapie sekundární terapie MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- melanom * sekundární terapie MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic * sekundární terapie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- zprávy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- atezolizumab, durvalumab, pembrolizumab,
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- antigeny CD279 analýza MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunoterapie * metody MeSH
- ipilimumab aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk * farmakoterapie sekundární MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nivolumab aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic relevance of different prostatic invasion patterns in pT4a urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) after radical cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study comprised a total of 358 men with pT4a UCB. Patients were divided in 2 groups-group A with stromal infiltration of the prostate via the prostatic urethra with additional muscle-invasive UCB (n = 121, 33.8%) and group B with continuous infiltration of the prostate through the entire bladder wall (n = 237, 66.2%). The effect of age, tumor grade, carcinoma in situ, lymphovascular invasion, soft tissue surgical margin, lymph node metastases, administration of adjuvant chemotherapy, and prostatic invasion patterns on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) was evaluated using competing-risk regression analysis. Decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the net benefit of including the variable invasion pattern within our model. RESULTS: The estimated 5-year CSM-rates for group A and B were 50.1% and 66.0%, respectively. In multivariable competing-risk analysis, lymph node metastases (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.73, P<0.001), lymphovascular invasion (HR = 1.62, P = 0.0023), soft tissue surgical margin (HR = 1.49, P = 0.026), absence of adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 2.11, P<0.001), and tumor infiltration of the prostate by continuous infiltration of the entire bladder wall (HR = 1.37, P = 0.044) were significantly associated with a higher risk for CSM. Decision curve analysis showed a net benefit of our model including the variable invasion pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous infiltration of the prostate through the entire bladder wall showed an adverse effect on CSM. Besides including these patients into clinical trials for an adjuvant therapy, we recommend including prostatic invasion patterns in predictive models in pT4a UCB in men.
- MeSH
- adjuvantní chemoterapie MeSH
- cévy patologie MeSH
- cystektomie MeSH
- hladké svalstvo patologie MeSH
- invazivní růst nádoru MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk mortalita patologie sekundární terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické cévy patologie MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- močový měchýř patologie MeSH
- nádory močového měchýře mortalita patologie terapie MeSH
- prostata patologie MeSH
- resekční okraje MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Cíl Vinflunin (VFL) je nový mikrotubulární inhibitor vykazující aktivitu proti uroteliálnímu karcinomu z přechodných buněk (transitional cell carcinoma of urothelial tract, TCCU). Provedli jsme randomizovanou studii fáze III hodnotící podávání VFL v kombinaci s nejlepší podpůrnou léčbou (best supportive care, BSC) ve srovnání se samostatně podávanou BSC. Studovaným souborem byli pacienti s pokročilým TCCU, u kterých byla zaznamenána progrese nálezu po předchozím podání léčebných režimů první linie obsahujících deriváty platiny. Pacienti a metody Uspořádání studie bylo zvoleno tak, aby bylo umožněno srovnání ukazatele celkového přežití (overall survival, OS) u pacientů léčených kombinací VFL + BSC (dávkování dle výkonnostního stavu – performance status, PS = 0 : 320 mg/m2 každé 3 týdny; PS = 0 s předchozí radioterapií v oblasti pánve a PS = 1 : 280 mg/m2 s následným navýšením na 320 mg/m2) a u pacientů, kterým byla poskytnuta samostatná symptomatická léčba (BSC). Výsledky Celkem bylo randomizováno 370 pacientů (VFL + BSC, n = 253; BSC, n = 117). Obě léčebná ramena byla dobře vyvážena s výjimkou skutečnosti, že v rameni BSC bylo více pacientů s PS vyšším než 1 (rozdíl 10 %). Hlavními projevy toxicity stupně 3 a 4 v rameni VFL + BSC byly neutropenie (50 %), febrilní neutropenie (6 %), anémie (19 %), únava (19 %) a zácpa (16 %). V populaci podle původního léčebného záměru (intent-to-treat population) bylo stanoveného cíle výhodnější střední délky přežití 2 měsíců (6,9 měsíce v rameni VFL + BSC vs. 4,6 měsíce u BSC) dosaženo (poměr rizik – hazard ratio, HR = 0,88; 95% CI 0,69–1,12), výsledek však nedosáhl statistické významnosti (p = 0,287). Mnohorozměrná Coxova analýza přizpůsobená pro hodnocení prognostických faktorů prokázala statisticky významný účinek VFL na ukazatel celkového přežití (p = 0,036). Užití VFL vedlo ke snížení rizika úmrtí o 23 % (HR = 0,77; 95% CI 0,61–0,98). V hodnocené populaci (n = 357) byla střední hodnota (medián) celkového přežití významně vyšší u souboru léčeného kombinací VFL + BSC (6,9 vs. 4,3 měsíce) s prokázaným statisticky významným rozdílem (p = 0,040). Hodnoty sledovaných ukazatelů celkového počtu léčebných odpovědí, kontroly nemoci a přežití bez progrese onemocnění byly statisticky významné ve prospěch kombinace VFL + BSC (p = 0,006; p = 0,002 a p = 0,001). Závěr Užití VFL prokázalo ve druhé linii léčby pokročilého TCCU zlepšené přežití. Výsledky odpovídají významnému léčebnému prospěchu ve všech sledovaných parametrech účinnosti. Bezpečnostní profil byl vyhodnocen jako přijatelný. VFL se proto zdá být u TCCU progredujícího po podané léčbě první linie založené na platinových derivátech racionální volbou.
Vinflunine (VFL) is a new microtubule inhibitor that has activity against transitional cell carcinoma of urothelial tract (TCCU). We conducted a randomized phase III study of VFL and best supportive care (BSC) versus BSC alone in the treatment of patients with advanced TCCU who had experienced progression after a first-line platinum-containing regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was designed to compare overall survival (OS) between patients receiving VFL + BSC (performance status [PS] = 0: 320 mg/m(2), every 3 weeks; PS = 0 with previous pelvic radiation and PS = 1: 280 mg/m(2) subsequently escalated to 320 mg/m(2)) or BSC. RESULTS: Three hundred seventy patients were randomly assigned (VFL + BSC, n =253; BSC, n = 117). Both arms were well balanced except there were more patients with PS more than 1 (10% difference) in the BSC arm. Main grade 3 or 4 toxicities for VFL + BSC were neutropenia (50%), febrile neutropenia (6%), anemia (19%), fatigue (19%), and constipation (16%). In the intent-to-treat population, the objective of a median 2-month survival advantage (6.9 months for VFL + BSC v 4.6 months for BSC) was achieved (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.69 to 1.12) but was not statistically significant (P = .287). Multivariate Cox analysis adjusting for prognostic factors showed statistically significant effect of VFL on OS (P = .036), reducing the death risk by 23% (HR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.98). In the eligible population (n = 357), the median OS was significantly longer for VFL + BSC than BSC (6.9 v 4.3 months, respectively), with the difference being statistically significant (P = .040). Overall response rate, disease control, and progression-free survival were all statistically significant favoring VFL + BSC (P = .006, P = .002, and P = .001, respectively). CONCLUSION: VFL demonstrates a survival advantage in second-line treatment for advanced TCCU. Consistency of results exists with significant and meaningful benefit over all efficacy parameters. Safety profile is acceptable, and therefore, VFL seems to be a reasonable option for TCCU progressing after first-line platinum-based therapy.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- antitumorózní látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk farmakoterapie sekundární MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paliativní péče MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sloučeniny platiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- urologické nádory farmakoterapie sekundární MeSH
- urotel patologie MeSH
- vinblastin analogy a deriváty aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Primary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the vagina represents an extremely rare neoplasm and is associated with multicentric TCC of the urinary tract in all described cases. A case of multicentric TCC of the vagina and the left ureter in a 73-year-old woman is reported. Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin expression was performed. Immunohistochemistry proved to play an important role in the differential diagnosis of vaginal TCC, supported the morphological diagnosis of TCC, and largely excluded the diagnosis of vaginal papillary carcinoma with transitional features as a morphological variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Subsequent urological examination revealed multicentric TCC of the left ureter. During the follow up, the metastases of the vaginal TCC into the regional inguinal lymph nodes were diagnosed, suggesting that indolent clinical course is not a rule in this type of tumor.
- MeSH
- fatální výsledek MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk chemie sekundární terapie MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické metastázy MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny patologie MeSH
- mnohočetné primární nádory MeSH
- nádory močovodu chemie patologie MeSH
- nádory vaginy chemie patologie terapie MeSH
- paliativní péče MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH