BACKGROUND: Respiratory allergies mostly allergic rhinitis and asthma represent an important and increasing public health problem and one of the priorities for the European health systems. There is an increasing public concern regarding the persistence and severity of allergic diseases and many difficulties of health systems in providing prompt specialized medical assistance. Our study aims to highlight the main results of the Alliance 4Life project focused on the evaluation of the burden and management of respiratory allergies in primary care from Romania and comparative health-related data from four Central and Eastern European countries. METHOD: We developed a questionnaire focused on patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma directly addressed to general practitioner (GP) specialists from Romania who attended the annual national conference in Bucharest. RESULTS: The main results showed that patients with respiratory allergies are frequently encountered in primary care practice, only a few patients are evaluated by allergists and there is a clear need for education in this field. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study confirms that respiratory allergies represent a considerable burden in primary care and the questionnaire may be a useful tool in further studies considering the experience of other healthcare systems. More advanced studies integrating epidemiology with data on air pollution and environmental conditions should be envisaged.
- MeSH
- alergická rýma terapie epidemiologie MeSH
- bronchiální astma terapie epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osobní újma zaviněná nemocí MeSH
- primární zdravotní péče * MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- respirační alergie epidemiologie terapie diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Bulharsko MeSH
- Česká republika MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
- Rumunsko MeSH
A longitudinal study launched in 1994 within the framework of the Teplice Programme aimed at comparing the respiratory morbidity in children born (1994-1998) and living in the districts of Teplice (TE) and Prachatice (PRA) in the Czech Republic. Lists of all illnesses of 960 children from birth to 10 years of age were obtained from paediatric medical records. From 26,471 diagnoses (in ICD-10 codes), 34.7% were diagnoses of upper respiratory infections (URI, J00-02, J06), 11.3% of tonsillitis, 10.2% of influenza, 9.4% of bronchitis, 8.9% of laryngitis/tracheitis (J04), 2.7% of otitis media, and 0.5% of pneumonia. The more polluted district of Teplice was divided into two parts: the town itself (TE-town) and the rest of the district (TE-district). The cumulative incidence rates of the above respiratory illnesses per 100 children per 10 years were 2,212 in TE-town, 2,192 in PRA and 1,985 in TE-district. In the first two years of life, the children from TE-town had a significantly higher incidence of laryngitis/tracheitis, influenza, otitis media, and pneumonia and significantly lower incidence of bronchitis and tonsillitis than children living in PRA. The incidence rates of laryngitis/tracheitis and influenza in TE-town persisted as the highest among the three regions till the age of 10 years. The incidence rates of bronchitis (from the 1st to 5th year) and URI (from 4th to 10th year) were highest in children living in PRA. When compared to TE-town, children in TE-district had a higher incidence of upper respiratory infections (1-8 years) and lower incidence of bronchitis (6-8 years). Children in the district of Prachatice had a significantly higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis and a lower prevalence of wheezing than children in the district of Teplice. Thus, the three regions differed by the spectra of respiratory illnesses rather than by overall morbidity and, hypothetically, the effects of air pollution were obscurred by differences in the degree of urbanization.
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- infekce dýchací soustavy klasifikace epidemiologie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- respirační alergie epidemiologie MeSH
- zdraví ve městech * MeSH
- zdraví venkovských oblastí * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Arthropods are a documented cause of occupational allergy in cereal stores. Since the current allergenic risk of various arthropods in grain stores is not known, we evaluated its extent using data from the Czech Republic (CZ). We surveyed 514 grain storage units for pest composition and density. Recalculating literature data we established 4 density dependent classes of pooled mite "allergy-risk level" (ARL) in stored grain: (i) safe-ARL: 0 mites.g(-1) grain, (ii) low-ARL: up to 1 mite.g(-1) grain, (iii) high-ARL: from 1 to 5 mites.g(-1) grain, (iv) danger-acute asthma-ARL: higher than 5 mites.g(-1) grain. Farmers (15) were questioned for pest taxon-related pesticide treatments. Mites constituted the largest group of collected pests (92%) followed by psocids (5%), beetles (3%) and moths (0%). 60% of mites belonged to known allergen producing species; the most abundant were Acarus siro, A. faris, Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Lepidoglyphus destructor. Grain samples belonged to the established ARL classes as follows: (i) safe-ARL: 37% (ii) low-ARL: 53%; (iii) high-ARL: 6%; (iv) danger-acute asthma-ARL: 4%. The enquiry among farmers revealed that almost no pesticides were targeted solely to control mites. This study suggests that mites represent, due to their allergenic potential, density and frequency, the most serious source of allergens in stored grain in CZ. However, the medical aspect of pest control--such as allergy avoidance strategy--is overlooked since grain feeding insects were mostly chemically controlled, regardless of their relatively low density and allergen production in comparison with mites.
- MeSH
- alergeny MeSH
- členovci imunologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hmyz imunologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- hustota populace MeSH
- imunoglobulin E krev MeSH
- jedlá semena parazitologie MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- kontrola škůdců metody MeSH
- kožní testy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami MeSH
- nemoci z povolání epidemiologie etiologie imunologie MeSH
- nemoci zemědělců epidemiologie etiologie imunologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- respirační alergie epidemiologie etiologie imunologie MeSH
- roztoči imunologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
We aimed to review the association between atopic eczema and allergic sensitization and food allergy and its determinants on the basis of current epidemiological literature. RECENT FINDINGS: About 50% of children with atopic eczema and about 35% of adults are sensitized to common allergens. Gender, geography (e.g. East and West Germany), and socioeconomic factors determine the proportion of atopic eczema with allergic sensitization. Allergic sensitization in addition to atopic eczema obviously increases the risk for respiratory allergies. Sensitization to house dust mites seems to be important and clinically relevant for atopic eczema. Population-based studies on the association between food allergy and atopic eczema are limited. Although, up to 40% of children in hospital settings react to certain food allergens by a flare-up of their atopic eczema, there is an indication that on a population basis, adults with atopic eczema do only react occasionally with a worsening of their skin disease due to food allergens. SUMMARY: Atopic eczema is not necessarily associated with allergic sensitization. Sensitization to house dust mites, however, seems to be clinically relevant. The impact of food allergy on atopic eczema is difficult to assess on the basis of epidemiological studies and more detailed studies are needed.
Účel prehľadu Naším zámerom bolo vypracovať prehľad súvislostí medzi atopickým ekzémom, alergickou senzbilizáciou a potravinovou alergiou a ich určujúcimi faktormi na základe súčasnej epidemiologickej literatúry. Nové poznatky Približne 50 % detí s atopickým ekzémom a okolo 35 % dospelých je senzibilizovaných voči bežným alergénom. Podiel atopického ekzému s alergickou senzibilizáciou je podmienený pohlavím, geografickou oblasťou (napr. východné či západné Nemecko) a socioekonomickými faktormi. Alergická senzibilizácia navyše k atopickému ekzému jednoznačne zvyšuje riziko respiračných alergií. Senzibilizácia na alergény roztočov domáceho prachu je zrejme pre atopický ekzém dôležitá a klinicky významná. Množstvo údajov z populačných štúdií zameraných na súvislosť medzi potravinovou alergiou a atopickým ekzémom je obmedzené. I keď až 40 % detí v nemocničných podmienkach reaguje na konkrétne potravinové alergény vzplanutím ich atopického ekzému, na úrovni populácie sa ukazuje, že k zhoršeniu kožných prejavov dochádza u dospelých s ekzémom v súvislosti s potravinovými alergénmi iba príležitostne. Súhrn Atopický ekzém sa nemusí nevyhnutne spájať s alergickou senzibilizáciou. Senzibilizácia alergénmi roztočov domáceho prachu sa však ukazuje ako klinicky významná. Na základe epidemiologických štúdií je ťažké zhodnotiť pôsobenie potravinovej alergie na atopický ekzém, a sú preto potrebné ďalšie podrobnejšie štúdie.
- MeSH
- alergeny imunologie MeSH
- atopická dermatitida diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie imunologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potravinová alergie epidemiologie imunologie komplikace MeSH
- prach imunologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- respirační alergie epidemiologie imunologie komplikace MeSH
- roztoči imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- bronchiální astma diagnóza epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch v pracovním prostředí analýza škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání diagnóza epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pracovní lékařství trendy výchova MeSH
- respirační alergie epidemiologie etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- alergeny klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pyl MeSH
- respirační alergie epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- zkřížené reakce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Prevalence astmatu pøekroèila všechny hranice. V XXI. století nastává pøesun od pøenosných k nepøenosným chorobám. Astma se pøesouvá z bohatých do chudých zemí a velkých mìstských aglomerací. Program WHO chce zvýšit informovanost, znalosti, pøipravit standardy a realizovat dohled nad rizikovými faktory. WHO vyzývá ke Globální alianci proti chronickým respiraèním chorobám (GARD).
Asthma prevalence has broken all the frontiers on a global scale. Non-communicable diseases are significantly increasing. Asthma has spread from rich to poor countries and to poor urban areas. WHO aims are: information, education, surveillance of risk factors, standards. WHO calls for a global coordinated efforts to fight chronic respiratory diseases and to create GARD.
- MeSH
- alergeny MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pracovní expozice MeSH
- respirační alergie epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
