INTRODUCTION: The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria drives the search for alternative antimicrobial therapies. Bacteriocins represent a potential alternative to antibiotic treatment. In contrast to antibiotics, bacteriocins are peptides or proteins that have relatively narrow spectra of antibacterial activities and are produced by a wide range of bacterial species. Bacteriocins of Escherichia coli are historically classified as microcins and colicins, and, until now, more than 30 different bacteriocin types have been identified and characterized. AREAS COVERED: We performed bibliographical searches of online databases to review the literature regarding bacteriocins produced by E. coli with respect to their occurrence, bacteriocin role in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity, and application of their antimicrobial effect. EXPERT OPINION: The potential use of bacteriocins for applications in human and animal medicine and the food industry includes (i) the use of bacteriocin-producing probiotic strains, (ii) recombinant production in plants and application in food, and (iii) application of purified bacteriocins.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky biosyntéza   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli metabolismus   MeSH
• koliciny biosyntéza   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• probiotika farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• individualizovaná medicína metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Toxoplasma izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• toxoplazmóza epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH

The existence of an association between schizophrenia and an infection by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii has been suspected since the 1950s. Two significant phenomena first garnered the attention of the psychiatric community toward toxoplasmosis, the illness precipitated by an infection of the parasite. Transient symptoms of acute toxoplasmosis sometimes resemble the clinical picture of paranoid schizophrenia. Many studies have also found an increased seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in clients of mental health institutions in comparison with members of control populations. We have had to wait until the first decade of our millennium for several independent research teams to make discoveries that would shed light on the possible mechanisms that link the Toxoplasma parasite to schizophrenia.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protilátky protozoální krev   MeSH
• schizofrenie krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Toxoplasma izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• toxoplazmóza krev   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH

Prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is an important part of clinical care provided to patients after solid organ transplantation. While the optimal preventive strategy has not been defined, most centers rely on universal prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy. This article comments on recent studies designed to identify strategies that effectively reduce the incidence of late-onset CMV disease as the main problem associated with prophylaxis, and on recent data regarding the development of CMV-specific immunity depending on the CMV-preventive regimen used. Despite an apparent trend to prefer prophylaxis in clinical practice, this approach does not seem to be based on robust evidence.

• MeSH
• acyklovir analogy a deriváty   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antivirové látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cytomegalovirové infekce prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• ganciklovir analogy a deriváty   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunosupresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinické protokoly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oportunní infekce prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• transplantace orgánů MeSH
• valin analogy a deriváty   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The adverse impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after solid organ transplantion is currently believed to be mediated primarily by its immunomodulatory effects. There is a large body of evidence showing that both CMV disease and asymptomatic viremia are independent risk factors for the development of allograft rejection. The aim of this article is to summarize mechanisms whereby CMV is involved in the development and progression of allograft rejection, with particular emphasis on renal transplant recipients. The article will also address the potential of anti-CMV preventive protocols designed to favorably affect the incidence of allograft rejection.

• MeSH
• antivirové látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• chemoprofylaxe MeSH
• cytomegalovirové infekce imunologie   prevence a kontrola   virologie   MeSH
• Cytomegalovirus účinky léků   MeSH
• homologní transplantace škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rejekce štěpu epidemiologie   imunologie   prevence a kontrola   virologie   MeSH
• transplantace ledvin škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH