The increased fetoplacental vascular resistance due to chronic hypoxia cannot be explained by simple hypoxic vasoconstriction, as it sustains to some degree after recovery in normobaric environment. To verify a hypothesis that fetoplacental arteries undergo remodeling of their walls similar to remodeling of pulmonary arteries in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, we used a model of the chronically hypoxic rat placenta. Han Wistar pregnant rats were exposed to 14-day hypoxia (10% of oxygen) during the 6th to 19th day of pregnancy. Chronic hypoxia elicited in both intraplacental (prelabyrinthine) and chorionic plate (insertion) arteries significant narrowing of their lumina. Irregular thickening of their adventitia due to an increase in collagen fibers as well as ground substance was observed; reticular fibers were fragmented. Because of remodeling of fetoplacental arteries, a model of chronically hypoxic rat placenta could simulate human preplacental hypoxia and consequent effects.
- MeSH
- arteriae umbilicales patofyziologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- cévní rezistence MeSH
- chorion * krevní zásobení ultrastruktura MeSH
- hypoxie patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- inbrední kmeny potkanů MeSH
- komplikace těhotenství patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- placenta * krevní zásobení ultrastruktura MeSH
- placentární oběh fyziologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- vazokonstrikce MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Tetracycline and doxycycline are commonly used antibiotics in acne treatment during puberty in humans. The long-term effect of these antibiotics on male reproductive tract development has not been fully elucidated. For this reason we tested the effect of antibiotics on the reproductive parameters of mice males during puberty with the therapeutic dose used in humans, and with lower and higher doses. The outbred mouse strain CD1 with higher heterozygosity was exposed for 14 days at puberty. Adult males at the age of 70 days were used for the measurements. We observed a significant decrease in anogenital distance and thickness of the seminiferous epithelium in the treated animals. Pathological changes in the testes had an impact on sperm quality; a higher number of sperm positively stained with Annexin V and TUNEL and a lower number of acrosome-intact sperm was detected. In conclusion, the treatment of male mice with antibiotics in puberty led to long-lasting effects on reproductive organs and spermatozoa in adult males.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- apoptóza účinky léků MeSH
- doxycyklin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- myši MeSH
- outbrední kmeny zvířat MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie MeSH
- spermie účinky léků patologie MeSH
- stárnutí účinky léků patologie MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost účinky léků MeSH
- testis účinky léků růst a vývoj patologie MeSH
- tetracyklin aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- velikost orgánu účinky léků MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Unexpected, sometimes opposite effects of dietary isoflavonic phytoestrogens on immunity may suggest that classical mammalian toxicological assays are not entirely suitable for preclinical safety tests of these compounds. We evaluated a new alternative model of haemocytes of Egyptian cotton worm in vivo following genistein administration. Genistein induced significant changes in nucleolar morphology of haemocytes but did not influence their counts and nucleolar indices. The results indicate that genistein does not affect proliferation and differentiation of normal cells but potentiates their immuno-competence. Egyptian cotton worm larvae seem to be the new alternative biomodel for immunological screening.
- MeSH
- biologické modely MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace účinky léků MeSH
- buněčná imunita účinky léků MeSH
- buněčné jadérko účinky léků MeSH
- fytoestrogeny farmakologie MeSH
- genistein farmakologie MeSH
- hemocyty cytologie účinky léků imunologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Spodoptera MeSH
- toxikologie metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This study was carried out to investigate the role of lead in the development of oxidative stress in the brain. We examined the rate of lipid peroxidation and we determined lipid fluorescence products (lipofuscin-like pigments - LFP) as a marker of lipid peroxidation after short in vitro incubation of rat brain homogenates with lead acetate (10(-2), 10(-4), 10(-6) M lead acetate, 2 h). Simultaneously we examined by the same method in vivo indices of oxidative stress in brains of mice exposed for 12 weeks to 0.2% lead acetate in drinking water. The results show that the concentration of LFP in rat brain homogenates increased significantly after 2 h incubation with 10(-2) M lead acetate as compared to controls (P<0.0001). This effect was not observed in lower doses of lead acetate (10(-4) and 10(-6) M). After the long-term exposure of mice to 0.2% lead acetate, pronounced accumulation of lead and significantly increased concentration of LFP (P<0.004) in the brains of exposed animals as compared to controls were observed. The evidence for the formation of specific fluorophores originating from oxidative damage was shown also in qualitative changes in 3D spectral arrays and synchronous spectra. The presented results proved the influence of lead on the activation of radical reactions in the brain after short in vitro exposure of rat brain as well as within long-term in vivo exposure in mice using lipofuscin-like pigments as an indicator of oxidative stress.
- MeSH
- aplikace orální MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
- inbrední kmeny myší MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lipofuscin metabolismus MeSH
- mozek účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- olovo farmakokinetika toxicita MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- peroxidace lipidů účinky léků MeSH
- pitná voda MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- volné radikály metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and liver myofibroblasts (MFB) are two cell populations most likely responsible for the synthesis of most connective tissue components in fibrotic liver. They differ in their origin and location, and possibly in patterns of gene expression. Normal and carbon tetrachloride-cirrhotic livers from rats were used to isolate HSC. Liver was perfused with pronase and collagenase solutions, followed by centrifugation of the cell suspension on a density gradient. HSC were quiescent 2 days after plating on plastic but they became activated after another 5 days in culture. When the culture was passaged 5 times, its character changed profoundly as HSC were replaced by MFB. Microarray analysis was used to determine gene expression in quiescent HSC, activated HSC and MFB. The expression of 49 genes coding for connective tissue proteins, proteoglycans, metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, growth factors and cellular markers was determined. The pattern of gene expression changed during HSC activation and there were distinct differences between HSC and MFB. Little difference between normal cells and cells isolated from cirrhotic liver was found.
- MeSH
- experimentální cirhóza jater metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- extracelulární matrix chemie MeSH
- fibroblasty cytologie metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- játra cytologie metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- messenger RNA biosyntéza účinky léků MeSH
- metaloproteasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- myocyty hladké svaloviny cytologie metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- otrava chloridem uhličitým MeSH
- pojivová tkáň metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce s reverzní transkripcí MeSH
- proteoglykany genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sekvenční analýza hybridizací s uspořádaným souborem oligonukleotidů MeSH
- tkáňové inhibitory metaloproteinas MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The objective of this study was to investigate the morphological effects of postnatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) on the development of the uterus, uterine estrogen receptor (ERalpha) expression, and the uterine response to estrogen stimulation using the uterotrophic bioassay in rats. Neonates were injected on each postnatal day (PND) 1-14 with B[a]P (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0mg/kg), ethynylestradiol (EE; 1.0 microg/kg) or vehicle (control group). All animals were killed on PND 23. Postnatal administration of B[a]P with doses of 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg induced significant (P<0.01) reduction of uterine weight and significantly lowered (P<0.05) ERalpha expression in the luminal epithelium. The increase in uterine weight and luminal epithelium heights after EE stimulation (1.0 microg/kg) on PND 20-22 was significantly higher (P<0.01) in all groups in comparison with corresponding non-stimulated groups. However, the uterotrophic response in rats postnatally exposed to EE and B[a]P was significantly lower (P<0.01) than in controls. In the control and EE groups, EE stimulation on PND 20-22 induced a significant (P<0.01) decrease in ERalpha immunoreactivity of the luminal epithelium. In contrast, rats postnatally treated with B[a]P showed no change in the density of ERalpha immunostaining when detected after estrogenic stimulation. The present study showed that postnatal exposure to B[a]P caused pathological changes in constitution and maturation of uterine ERalpha resulting in disturbed morphological development and uterine dysfunction in immature rats.
- MeSH
- alfa receptor estrogenů metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- antagonisté estrogenu toxicita MeSH
- benzopyren toxicita MeSH
- buněčné jádro metabolismus patologie účinky léků MeSH
- epitelové buňky patologie účinky léků MeSH
- estrogeny farmakologie MeSH
- ethinylestradiol farmakologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fluorescenční protilátková technika přímá MeSH
- imunoenzymatické techniky MeSH
- injekce subkutánní MeSH
- kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- novorozená zvířata MeSH
- pohlavní dospělost MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- uterus patologie růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- velikost orgánu účinky léků MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- benzen toxicita MeSH
- benzenové deriváty metabolismus MeSH
- cyklické uhlovodíky toxicita MeSH
- cyklohexanony toxicita MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- glutathionperoxidasa metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- inhalační expozice MeSH
- izoenzymy MeSH
- játra enzymologie účinky léků MeSH
- látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus MeSH
- metabolická inaktivace MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy metabolismus MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- superoxiddismutasa metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- amositový azbest toxicita MeSH
- buněčné jádro účinky léků MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- plíce účinky léků MeSH
- silikáty toxicita MeSH
- sloučeniny vápníku toxicita MeSH
- znečištění tabákovým kouřem škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- antiflogistika terapeutické užití MeSH
- dexamethason terapeutické užití MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- kapilární permeabilita účinky záření MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- plicní alveoly patologie MeSH
- radiační pneumonitida farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- alkalická fosfatasa analýza MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- kyselá fosfatasa analýza MeSH
- nádory měkkých tkání etiologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci koček patologie MeSH
- sarkom etiologie patologie veterinární MeSH
- vakcinace škodlivé účinky veterinární MeSH
- zánět veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
