Background: In patients with vertebral artery origin (VAO) stenosis and concomitant stenoses of other cerebral feeding arteries, data on the risk of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone and with stent placement (PTAS) for VAO stenosis are limited. We aimed to determine how the presence of polystenotic lesions in other cerebral feeding arteries and concomitant carotid artery stenting (CAS) affect the periprocedural risk and long-term effect of PTA/S for atherosclerotic VAO stenosis. Methods: In a retrospective descriptive study, consecutive patients treated with PTA/S for ≥70% VAO stenosis were divided into groups with isolated VAO stenosis and multiple stenoses. We investigated the rate of periprocedural complications in the first 72 h and the risk of restenosis and ischemic stroke (IS)/transient ischemic attack (TIA) during the follow-up period. Results: In a set of 66 patients aged 66.1 ± 9.1 years, polystenotic lesions were present in 56 (84.8%) patients. 21 (31.8%) patients underwent endovascular treatment for stenosis of one or more other arteries in addition to VAO stenosis (15 underwent CAS). During the periprocedural period, no patient suffered from an IS or died, and, in the polystenotic group with concomitant CAS, there was one case of TIA (1.6%). During a mean follow-up period of 36 months, we identified 8 cases (16.3%) of ≥50% asymptomatic VA restenosis, and, in the polystenotic group, 4 (8.9%) cases of IS. Conclusion: The presence of severe polystenotic lesions or concomitant CAS had no adverse effect on the overall low periprocedural risk of PTA/S of VAO stenosis or the risk of restenosis during the follow-up period.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) are well established in anterior circulation stroke (ACS) but are much less clear for posterior circulation stroke (PCS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of parenchymal hematoma (PH) and 3-month clinical outcomes after IVT in PCS and ACS. In an observational, cohort multicenter study, we analyzed data from ischemic stroke patients treated with IVT prospectively collected in the SITS (Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke) registry in the Czech Republic between 2004 and 2018. Out of 10,211 patients, 1166 (11.4%) had PCS, and 9045 (88.6%) ACS. PH was less frequent in PCS versus ACS patients: 3.6 vs. 5.9%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.594 in the whole set, 4.4 vs. 7.8%, OR = 0.543 in those with large vessel occlusion (LVO), and 2.2 vs. 4.7%, OR = 0.463 in those without LVO. At 3 months, PCS patients compared with ACS patients achieved more frequently excellent clinical outcomes (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 0-1: 55.5 vs. 47.6%, OR = 1.371 in the whole set and 49.2 vs. 37.6%, OR = 1.307 in those with LVO), good clinical outcomes (mRS 0-2: 69.9 vs. 62.8%, OR = 1.377 in the whole set and 64.5 vs. 50.5%, OR = 1.279 in those with LVO), and had lower mortality (12.4 vs. 16.6%, OR = 0.716 in the whole set and 18.4 vs. 25.5%, OR = 0.723 in those with LVO) (p < 0.05 in all cases). In PCS versus ACS patients, an extensive analysis showed a lower risk of PH both in patients with and without LVO, more frequent excellent and good clinical outcomes, and lower mortality 3 months after IVT in patients with LVO.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Real-world data report worse 3-month clinical outcomes in elderly patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). The aim was to identify factors influencing clinical outcome in elderly patients with anterior circulation AIS treated with MT (±intravenous thrombolysis (IVT)). In a retrospective, monocentric study, analysis of prospectively collected data of 138 patients (≥80 years) was performed. IVT was an independent negative predictor (OR 0.356; 95% CI: 0.134-0.942) and female sex an independent positive predictor (OR 4.179, 95% CI: 1.300-13.438) of 3-month good clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale 0-2). Female sex was also an independent negative predictor of 3-month mortality (OR 0.244, 95% CI: 0.100-0.599). Other independent negative predictors of 3-month good clinical outcome were older age, lower pre-stroke self-sufficiency, more severe neurological deficit and longer procedural intervals. Mortality was also independently predicted by longer procedural interval and by the occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (p < 0.05 in all cases). Our results demonstrated, that in patients aged ≥80 years with anterior circulation AIS undergoing MT (±IVT), IVT reduced the chance of 3-month good clinical outcome and female sex was associated with a greater likelihood of 3-month good clinical outcome and lower probability of 3-month mortality.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Anterior circulation stroke (ACS) is associated with typical symptoms, while posterior circulation stroke (PCS) may cause a wide spectrum of less specific symptoms. We aim to assess the correlation between the initial presentation of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) symptoms and the treatment timeline. Using a retrospective, observational, single-center study, the set consists of 809 AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular treatment (EVT). We investigate the impact of baseline clinical AIS symptoms and the affected vascular territory on recanalization times in patients treated with IVT only and EVT (±IVT). Regarding the IVT-only group, increasing the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on admission and speech difficulties are associated with shorter (by 1.59 ± 0.76 min per every one-point increase; p = 0.036, and by 24.56 ± 8.42 min; p = 0.004, respectively) and nausea/vomiting with longer (by 43.72 ± 13.13 min; p = 0.001) onset-to-needle times, and vertigo with longer (by 8.58 ± 3.84 min; p = 0.026) door-to-needle times (DNT). Regarding the EVT (±IVT) group, coma is associated with longer (by 22.68 ± 6.05 min; p = 0.0002) DNT, anterior circulation stroke with shorter (by 47.32 ± 16.89 min; p = 0.005) onset-to-groin time, and drooping of the mouth corner with shorter (by 20.79 ± 6.02 min; p = 0.0006) door-to-groin time. Our results demonstrate that treatment is initiated later in strokes with less specific symptoms than in strokes with typical symptoms.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Chronická lymfocytární leukemie je onemocnění starších nemocných, z nichž většina trpí významnými přidruženými onemocněními či funkčním omezením (tzv. slow‑go nemocní). Klinická hodnocení u chronické lymfocytární leukemie se donedávna bohužel zaměřovala zejména na podskupinu mladších nemocných v dobrém celkovém stavu („go‑go“). Klinicko‑biologické parametry jako výkonnostní stav, vypočtená clearance kreatininu, počet a závažnost přidružených onemocnění a další nám společně s individuálním klinickým posouzením mohou být vodítkem při rozhodování o cílech a intenzitě léčby. Dvě velké randomizované studie prokázaly, že přidání monoklonálních protilátek proti CD20 (obinutuzumab, rituximab a ofatumumab) k chlorambucilu u neléčených starších/komorbidních nemocných vedlo k významnému zvýšení počtu kompletních remisí, přežití bez progrese a dokonce i celkového přežití (v případě obinutuzumabu a rituximabu) s přijatelným bezpečnostním profilem. Chemoimunoterapie kombinující chlorambucil s anti‑CD20 protilátkou je tedy nový standard léčby 1. linie u této skupiny nemocných. Léčba relabující/refrakterní chronické lymfocytární leukemie je u „slow‑go“ nemocných velmi obtížná a specifických dat je málo. V této indikaci jsme svědky revolučního průlomu zaváděním nových, perorálně dostupných malých molekul působících na principu inhibice signálních drah B buněčného receptoru: ibrutinibu, inhibitoru Brutonovy tyrozinkinázy a idelalisibu, inhibitoru fosfatidylinositol‑3 kinázy δ. Oba tyto léky radikálně změnily přístup k léčbě relabující/refrakterní chronické lymfocytární leukemie; relativně mírná toxicita je předurčuje také pro použití u starších/komorbidních nemocných. Další možnosti léčby relabující/refrakterní chronické lymfocytární leukemie pro „slow‑go“ nemocné zahrnují alemtuzumab, ofatumumab, vysokodávkované glukokortikoidy + rituximab či ofatumumab a režim bendamustin + rituximab. Tento přehledný článek shrnuje současné poznatky o léčbě starších a komorbidních nemocných s chronickou lymfocytární leukemií.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a disease of older patients, most of them suffering from significant comorbidities or functional limitations (so‑called 'slow‑go' patients). Unfortunately, clinical trials in chronic lymphocytic leukemia have until recently focused mainly on the subgroup of younger patients in good overall condition (‘go‑go' patients). Clinico‑biological parameters, such as performance status, calculated creatinine clearance, the number and severity of comorbidities along with individual clinical assessment can help guide decisions relating to the objectives and ultimately the intensity of treatment. Two large randomized studies have recently demonstrated that the addition of monoclonal antibodies against CD20 (obinutuzumab, rituximab and ofatumumab) to chlorambucil in untreated ‘slow‑go' patients resulted in a significant increase in the number of complete remissions, progression‑free survival and even overall survival (for obinutuzumab and rituximab) with an acceptable safety profile. Chemoimmunotherapy combining chlorambucil with anti‑CD20 antibody is thus the new standard 1st line therapy in this group of patients. Treatment of relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia in ‘slow‑go' patients is very difficult and specific data is sparse. In this indication, we have witnessed an extraordinary breakthrough by means of small oral inhibitors interfering with B‑cell receptor downstream signaling pathways: ibrutinib, the Bruton‘s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and idelalisib, the inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ. Both drugs radically changed the approach to the treatment of relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia; relatively mild toxicity also predetermines their use in elderly/comorbid patients. Other treatment options for relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia in this subgroup include alemtuzumab, ofatumumab, high‑dose glucocorticoids + antiCD20 antibodies, or bendamustine + rituximab regimen. This review summarizes current data regarding the treatment of elderly and comorbid patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Key words: chronic lymphocytic leukemia – comorbidity – geriatric assessment – obinutuzumab – rituximab – ofatumumab – ibrutinib – idelalisib This work was supported by the grant IGA MH CZ NT13412-4/2012, MH CZ – DRO (UHHK, 00179906) and by the programme PRVOUK P37/08. I declare that, in connection with the above-mentioned contribution, which I am an author, I have a conflict of interest with the typed the following companies: Roche, Janssen-Cilag , Gilead and GlaxoSmithKline (honoraria for lectures or consultations, travel grants). The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Submitted: 23. 7. 2015 Accepted: 29. 7. 2015

• Klíčová slova
• obinutuzumab, idelalisib, ibrutinib, ofatumumab, fludarabine, bendamustin,
• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• antigeny CD20 MeSH
• chinazoliny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• chlorambucil aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• chronická lymfatická leukemie * farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• geriatrické hodnocení * MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• myší monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• protokoly antitumorózní kombinované chemoterapie * MeSH
• puriny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pyrazoly aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pyrimidiny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• rituximab MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sloučeniny dusíkatého yperitu aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• vidarabin analogy a deriváty   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• záchranná terapie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH