Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and idiopathic hirsutism (IH) are androgen excess disorders requiring the determination of classic androgen levels for diagnosis. 11-oxygenated androgens have high androgenic potential, yet their clinical value in those disorders is not clear. Additionally, the role of endocrine disruptors (EDs), particularly in IH, remains understudied. We analyzed 25 steroids and 18 EDs in plasma samples from women with IH, PCOS, and controls using LC-MS/MS. Cytokine levels and metabolic parameters were assessed. Comparisons included non-obese women with PCOS (n = 10), women with IH (n = 12) and controls (n = 20), and non-obese versus obese women with PCOS (n = 9). Higher levels of 11-oxygenated androgens were observed in women with PCOS compared to those with IH, but not controls. Conversely, 11-oxygenated androgen levels were lower in women with IH compared to controls. Cytokine levels did not differ between women with IH and controls. Bisphenol A (BPA) levels were higher in obese women with PCOS compared to non-obese women with PCOS. Bisphenol S occurrence was higher in women with PCOS (90%) compared to controls (65%) and IH (50%). Significant correlations were found between androgens (11-ketotestosterone, androstenedione, testosterone) and insulin and HOMA-IR, as well as between immunomodulatory 7-oxygenated metabolites of DHEA and nine interleukins. Our data confirms that PCOS is a multiendocrine gland disorder. Higher BPA levels in obese women might exacerbate metabolic abnormalities. IH was not confirmed as an inflammatory state, and no differences in BPA levels suggest BPA does not play a role in IH pathogenesis.
- MeSH
- Androgens * blood metabolism MeSH
- Benzhydryl Compounds blood MeSH
- Cytokines blood metabolism MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Endocrine Disruptors * blood MeSH
- Phenols MeSH
- Hirsutism * blood etiology chemically induced MeSH
- Hyperandrogenism blood MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Obesity blood metabolism MeSH
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome * blood metabolism MeSH
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
The hypothesis that the most common female endocrine disease, the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), has a male equivalent, has recently become more widely accepted. The male form of PCOS is marked by alterations in the secretion of gonadotropins, increased insulin resistance, and changes of the levels of several steroid hormones, with clinical manifestations including premature androgenic alopecia (AGA). Because these symptoms are not always found in men with genetic predispositions, knowledge of the male equivalent of PCOS needs to be supplemented by measurements of adrenal 11-oxygenated C19 steroids, particularly 11-keto-, and 11β-hydroxy-derivatives of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, by focusing on the newly-realized role of skin as an endocrine organ, and by confirming any age-related factors in glucose metabolism disorders in such predisposed men.
Androgens represent the main hormones responsible for maintaining hormonal balance and function in the prostate and testis. As they are involved in prostate and testicular carcinogenesis, more detailed information of their active concentration at the site of action is required. Since the introduction of the term intracrinology as the local formation of active steroid hormones from inactive precursors of the adrenal gland, mainly dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-S, it is evident that blood circulating levels of sex steroid hormones need not reflect their actual concentrations in the tissue. Here, we review and critically evaluate available methods for the analysis of human intraprostatic and intratesticular steroid concentrations. Since analytical approaches have much in common in both tissues, we discuss them together. Preanalytical steps, including various techniques for separation of the analytes, are compared, followed by the end-point measurement. Advantages and disadvantages of chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS, GC-MS), immunoanalytical methods (IA), and hybrid (LC-IA) are discussed. Finally, the clinical information value of the determined steroid hormones is evaluated concerning differentiating between patients with cancer or benign hyperplasia and between patients with different degrees of infertility. Adrenal-derived 11-oxygenated androgens are mentioned as perspective prognostic markers for these purposes.
- MeSH
- Androgens metabolism MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adrenal Glands metabolism MeSH
- Gonadal Steroid Hormones metabolism MeSH
- Prostate metabolism MeSH
- Steroids metabolism MeSH
- Testis metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Kůra nadledvin je zdrojem významného množství steroidních hormonů a jejich metabolitů s androgenním účinkem různého stupně. Donedávna byl považován příspěvek těchto látek k celkovému androgennímu potenciálu člověka za nepříliš významný, ale současné studie ukazují, že některé C19 steroidy adrenálního původu mají evidentně vysoký androgenní účinek. Jde především o 11-oxo- a 11β-hydroxyderiváty testosteronu a dihydrotestosteronu, jejichž androgenizující efekt předčí významně aktivitu testosteronu nebo dihydrotestosteronu. Protože stanovení 11-oxygenovaných C19-steroidů nebylo až na výjimky dosud v laboratořích zavedeno, byl náš dosavadní pohled na hormonální pozadí některých hyperandrogenních stavů zkreslen. Tato skutečnost má klinický význam např. u různých typů vrozené adrenální hyperplazie s androgenizací nebo u syndromu polycystických ovarií. Zde by laboratorní měření uvedených látek mohlo pomoci lépe zhodnotit celkový androgenní stav u pacientů s těmito onemocněními. Mění se i současný pohled na léčbu karcinomu prostaty androgenní deprivací, která vřazuje jenom účinek testikulárních androgenů. K dokonalejší blokádě androgenů by měla pomoci vedle současně prováděné deprivační terapie i souběžná blokáda sekrece adrenálních C19-steroidů, ať již účinnými kortikoidy, nebo adrenostatiky.
The adrenal cortex is an important source of a series of steroid hormones and their metabolites exerting an androgenic activity of some degree. Until recently their androgenic potency was considered to be low, but some new discoveries have shown that some of the C19-steroids of adrenal origin evidently possess very high androgenic activity. Especially 11-oxygenated derivatives of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone exert androgen potency higher than non-oxygenated analogues. Whereas the measurements of the levels of 11-oxygenated androgens until now has not been introduced in routine laboratories of clinical biochemistry, our view on some hyperandrogenic statusesis incomplete. This matter of fact has a clinical significance in our conception of hyperandrogenic types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia or polycystic ovary syndrome. In these situations the analysis of 11-oxygeneted adrenal androgens could help better to evaluate the androgenic status of the patients. Another point of attention is the present form of the treatment of prostate carcinoma by androgen deprivation method, which is blocking only the androgens of testicular origin. A more completed blocking of androgens in the prostate should be the present androgen deprivation therapy and concomitant block of the adrenal C19-steroids either by highly efficient corticosteroids or by adrenostatics.
- Keywords
- 11-ketotestosteron, androgen-deprivační terapie,
- MeSH
- Androgens * analysis chemistry blood MeSH
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones * analysis physiology classification blood metabolism MeSH
- Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital blood MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
... Systems of the Body 6 -- Summary—Automaticity of the Body 10 -- CHAPTER 2 -- The Cell and Its Functions 11 ... ... -- Organization of the Cell 11 -- Physical Structure of the Cell 12 -- Comparison of the Animal Cell ... ... Conductive System of the Heart 123 -- Control of Excitation and Conduction in the Heart 126 -- CHAPTER 11 ... ... 513 -- Fluid in the Pleural Cavity 515 -- CHAPTER 40 -- Principles of Gas Exchange; Diffusion of Oxygen ... ... and Carbon Dioxide in Blood and Tissue Fluids 527 -- Transport of Oxygen From the Lungs to the Body ...
Thirteenth edition xix, 1145 stran : ilustrace (převážně barevné), grafy ; 29 cm
- MeSH
- Physiological Phenomena MeSH
- Publication type
- Textbook MeSH
- Conspectus
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- NML Fields
- fyziologie
... Smell & Taste 185 -- Introduction 185 Taste 188 -- Smell 185 Receptor Organs & Pathways 188 -- 11. ... ... Hormones 361 -- Transport, Metabolism, & Excretion of Adrenocortical Hormones 366 -- Effects of Adrenal Androgens ... ... Blood-Brain Barrier 614 -- Cerebral Blood Flow & -- Its Regulation 616 -- 611 -- Brain Metabolism & Oxygen ... ... Transport Between the Lungs & the Tissues 666 -- Introduction 666 Carbon Dioxide Transport 669 -- Oxygen ... ... -- Effects of Exercise 681 -- Hypoxia 683 -- Hypoxic Hypoxia 684 -- Other Forms of Hypoxia 690 -- Oxygen ...
a Lange medical book, ISSN 0892-1253
Twenty-second edition xii, 912 stran : ilustrace ; 24 cm
- MeSH
- Physiology MeSH
- Conspectus
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NML Fields
- fyziologie
- NML Publication type
- učebnice vysokých škol
... Catalytic Strategies 227 -- Chapter 10 Regulatory Strategies: Enzymes and Hemoglobin 261 -- Chapter 11 ... ... Efficiently by Binding Oxygen Cooperatively 269 -- 10.2.1 Oxygen Binding Induces Substantial Structural ... ... Changes at the Iron Sites in Hemoglobin 270 -- Contents XXV -- 10.2.2 Oxygen Binding Markedly Changes ... ... the -- Quaternary Structure of Hemoglobin 271 -- 10.2.3 Tuning the Oxygen Affinity of Hemoglobin: -- ... ... Step in Clotting 288 -- 10.5.9 The Clotting Process Must Be Precisely -- Regulated 289 -- I CHAPTER 11 ...
5th ed. xvii, 974 s. : il., tab., grafy ; 32 cm
... Hoffman -- 11. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin): Receptor Agonists and Antagonists 269 -- Elaine Sanders-Bush ... ... Therapeutic Gases: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Nitric Oxide, and Helium 385 -- Eric J. Moody, Brett A. ... ... Jackson Roberts, 11 -- Histamine, Bradykinin, and Their Antagonists -- 643 -- 645 -- Nancy J. ... ... Androgens -- Peter J. Snyder -- 60. ...
10th ed. xxvii, 2148 s. : il., tab., grafy ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- Pharmacology MeSH
- Drug Therapy MeSH
- Conspectus
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NML Fields
- farmakoterapie
- farmacie a farmakologie
... Development of the Individual and Family -- 9 Infancy and Childhood -- 10 Preadolescence and Adolescence -- 11 ... ... Surgical Intervention -- 53 The Person Who Has Surgery -- 54 Surgical Asepsis in Nursing Care -- Unit 11 ... ... and Immune Disorders -- 78 HIV, AIDS, and Autoimmune Disorders -- 79 Respiratory Disorders -- 80 Oxygen ... ... -- The Registered Nurse 11, The Practical Nurse 11 -- Approval and Accreditation of Nursing Programs ... ... Therapy and Respiratory -- Care 1210 -- Oxygen Provision 1211 -- Sources of Oxygen 1212 -- The Patient ...
6th ed. xlvi, 1518 s., I-52 : il.
... Sharpless 129 -- 11. The aliphatic Alcohols J. Murdoch Ritchie 143 -- 12. ... ... Dripps -- Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Helium -- 44. Noxious Gases and Vapors Ewart A. ... ... Androgens E. B. Astwood 1566 -- 71. ...
Third edition xviii, 1785, 1 nečíslovaný složený list obrazové přílohy : ilustrace, tabulky ; 26 cm
- MeSH
- Pharmacy Technicians MeSH
- Pharmacological Phenomena MeSH
- Pharmaceutical Preparations MeSH
- Therapeutics MeSH
- Publication type
- Textbook MeSH
- Conspectus
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NML Fields
- farmakoterapie
- farmacie a farmakologie
- NML Publication type
- kolektivní monografie
