OBJECTIVES: The Dark Triad traits (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) capture individual differences in aversive personality to complement work on other taxonomies, such as the Big Five traits. However, the literature on the Dark Triad traits relies mostly on samples from English-speaking (i.e., Westernized) countries. We broadened the scope of this literature by sampling from a wider array of countries. METHOD: We drew on data from 49 countries (N = 11,723; 65.8% female; AgeMean  = 21.53) to examine how an extensive net of country-level variables in economic status (e.g., Human Development Index), social relations (e.g., gender equality), political orientations (e.g., democracy), and cultural values (e.g., embeddedness) relate to country-level rates of the Dark Triad traits, as well as variance in the magnitude of sex differences in them. RESULTS: Narcissism was especially sensitive to country-level variables. Countries with more embedded and hierarchical cultural systems were more narcissistic. Also, sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed societies: Women were less likely to be narcissistic in developed (vs. less developed) countries. CONCLUSIONS: We discuss the results based on evolutionary and social role models of personality and sex differences. That higher country-level narcissism was more common in less developed countries, whereas sex differences in narcissism were larger in more developed countries, is more consistent with evolutionary than social role models.

• MeSH
• Affect MeSH
• Antisocial Personality Disorder MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Machiavellianism * MeSH
• Narcissism * MeSH
• Personality MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism) has garnered intense attention over the past 15 years. We examined the structure of these traits' measure-the Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD)-in a sample of 11,488 participants from three W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., North America, Oceania, Western Europe) and five non-W.E.I.R.D. (i.e., Asia, Middle East, non-Western Europe, South America, sub-Saharan Africa) world regions. The results confirmed the measurement invariance of the DTDD across participants' sex in all world regions, with men scoring higher than women on all traits (except for psychopathy in Asia, where the difference was not significant). We found evidence for metric (and partial scalar) measurement invariance within and between W.E.I.R.D. and non-W.E.I.R.D. world regions. The results generally support the structure of the DTDD.

• MeSH
• Antisocial Personality Disorder MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Machiavellianism * MeSH
• Narcissism * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Asia MeSH
• Europe MeSH
• North America MeSH

BACKGROUND: Sexting is an increasingly common phenomenon among adolescents and young adults. Some studies have investigated the role of personality traits in different sexting behaviors within mainstream personality taxonomies like Big Five and HEXACO. However, very few studies have investigated the role of maladaptive personality factors in sexting. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between Dark Triad Personality Traits and experimental (i.e., sharing own sexts), risky (i.e., sexting under substance use and with strangers), and aggravated sexting (i.e., non-consensual sexting and sexting under pressure) across 11 countries. METHODS: An online survey was completed by 6093 participants (Mage = 20.35; SDage = 3.63) from 11 different countries which covered four continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, and America). Participants completed the Sexting Behaviors Questionnaire and the 12-item Dark Triad Dirty Dozen scale. RESULTS: Hierarchical regression analyses showed that sharing own sexts was positively predicted by Machiavellianism and Narcissism. Both risky and aggravated sexting were positively predicted by Machiavellianism and Psychopathy. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provided empirical evidence that different sexting behaviors were predicted by Dark Triad Personality Traits, showing a relevant role of Machiavellianism in all kinds of investigated sexting behaviors. Research, clinical, and education implications for prevention programs are discussed.

• MeSH
• Antisocial Personality Disorder * epidemiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Machiavellianism * MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Personality MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Africa MeSH
• Asia MeSH
• Europe MeSH

Objectives. Understanding the relationship between the time perspectives and the Dark Tetrad can shed light on some of the mechanisms underlying these personality traits, and exploring potential sex differences in these relationships can contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the Dark Tetrad and its implications for both males and females. The previous studies produced valuable knowledge on the relationships between different time perspectives and the Dark Triad traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism), but they mainly neglected sex differences and have not considered sadism. This study aimed to explore Dark Tetrad and time perspectives association in males and females separately. Sample and settings. The sample included 350 participants (170 males and 180 females, aged 18 to 69) who completed the Short Dark Triad, the direct sadism scale from Varieties of Sadistic Tendencies, and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Hypotheses. It was assumed that Dark Tetrad traits would relate positively with the present-time perspectives in both sexes but stronger in males. Statistical analyses. After exploring the correlations at the baseline level, sex differences were examined by moderation analysis, followed by separate multiple regressions for both sexes. Results. The Dark Tetrad traits were mainly associated with present orientation in both sexes, with differences based on participants’ sex. Narcissism was more strongly related to the present hedonistic perspective in females, and psychopathy more strongly to the present fatalistic in males. Notably, sadism exhibited striking differences. In males, sadism was only related to the present fatalistic perspective, whereas in females, it was associated with present-hedonistic and past negative perspectives. This study provided initial insights into the time perspective of sadism, highlighting a potentially greater role of negative early-life experiences in females. Limitations. Sample characteristics, correlational design, single-measure dark traits assessment, and the lack of early-life events measure were discussed.

Práce se zabývá vztahy mezi vlastnostmi morální integrity osobnosti a invaliditou z příčin duševního onemocnění. Morální integritu osobnosti jsme měřili komplexní baterií dotazníkových metod, která zahrnovala čtyři osobnostní dotazníky: škálu Krátká temná trojice, Dotazník Velké pětky, Dotazník žádoucího stylu odpovídání a Test integrity. Pro účely zjištění invalidity byl použit 21položkový struk-turovaný rozhovor. Všechny metody byly individuálně administrovány celkově 77 pacientům s afektivními a neurotickými poruchami, hospitalizovaným na psychiatrickém oddělení NUDZ. Celkový soubor byl rozdělen na soubor klinických respondentů s pobídkou (mají ID nebo chtějí žádat; N = 36; M = 37,5; SD = 14,81) a klinický soubor bez pobídky (nemají ID a neuvažují o zažádání; N = 41; M = 41,24; SD = 10,68). Na základě pohlaví, věku a vzdělání jsme k oběma klinickým skupinám párovali dva kontrolní soubory z běžné populace (N = 77) a zjišťovali jsme rozdíly ve vlastnostech morální integrity. Zjistili jsme, že obě skupiny pacientů mají z vlastností morální inte-grity na rozdíl od běžné populace pouze nižší míru svědomitosti v rámci modelu Big Five. Pozitivní charakteristikou souboru pacientů byla zjištěná nižší tendence k sociálně žádoucímu stylu odpovídání na rozdíl od běžné populace. Výsledky v administrovaných testech se u pacientů nelišily vzhledem k přítomnosti nebo absenci invalidního důchodu. Dále jsme porovnávali obě skupiny pacientů mezi sebou podle toho, zda mají invalidní důchod (nebo zda o něj uvažují zažádat). Zjistili jsme, že skupinu pacientů s ID charakterizuje na rozdíl od druhé skupiny vyšší neuroticismus a nižší extraverze, z vlastností morální integrity osobnosti pak pouze nižší sklon k neklinickému narcismu v rámci modelu Dark Triad a nižší tendence k sociálně žádoucímu stylu odpovídání. Rovněž jsme zaznamenali poměrně patrné rozdíly v socioekonomickém statusu u obou skupin pacientů, který byl horší u osob s invalidním důchodem. Celkově nebyly na základě našich výsledků potvrzeny vztahy mezi mírou morálních vlastností osobnosti a invaliditou.

The study focuses on the relationship between personal moral integrity and disability indicated by the mental health issues. Personal moral integrity was assessed using a complex battery of self-report measures, which included four questionnaires: The Short Dark Triad, BFI-44, the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding and the core integrity test. The assessment of disability was done using a 21-item structured interview. All methods were administered on individual basis to overall 77 patients with mood and neurotic disorders, who were hospitalized at the psychiatric department of NIMH. The entire sample was divided into the group of clinical respondents with an external offer (already having a disability pension or are in a process of applying for one; N = 36, M = 37.5; SD = 14.81) and clinical respondents without an external offer (do not currently have a disability pension nor do they plan on applying for one; N = 41; M = 41.24; SD = 10.68). Both of these groups were matched based on gender, age and level of education to two control groups from a general population (N = 77) and the differences in moral integrity characteristics were evaluated. From the perspective of integrity morals, we have found that both clinical groups of patients had only lower levels of conscientiousness measured by the BFI-44, when compared to general population. Positive aspect of the clinical sample was detected by lower tendency towards socially desirable style of responding, when compared to general population. There were no differences found in administered tests between both clinical groups, in terms of the possession or absence of disability pension. We have further compared the two clinical groups of patients based on the possession of disability pension (or if they are planning to apply for one). We have found that the group of patients with disability pension showed higher levels of neuroticism and lower levels of extraversion compared to the other clinical group. Looking into the personal moral integrity scales, they have showed only lower tendency towards non--clinical narcissism measured by the Dark Triad model and lower tendency towards socially desirable responding. Further analyses have also showed quite apparent differences in socio-economic status in both clinical samples, which was worse in patients with disability pension. Overall, based on the results of our study there were no relationships found between the level of personal morals and disability.

• Keywords
• Big Five, Dark triad,
• MeSH
• Diagnostic Self Evaluation MeSH
• Adult psychology   MeSH
• Mental Disorders * psychology   MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
• Interview, Psychological methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Morale * MeSH
• Personality * MeSH
• Personality Inventory statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Patients psychology   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Social Behavior Disorders psychology   MeSH
• Disability Evaluation * MeSH
• Sick Leave statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Social Class MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult psychology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Úvod: Intoxikovaní pacienti sice představují jen zlomek z celkového počtu kadaverózních dárců, nicméně jejich význam v rámci transplantačního programu byl v nedávné době v České republice akcentován v souvislosti s tzv. „metanolovou aférou“. Materiál a metodika: Byla provedena retrospektivní analýza pacientů intoxikovaných metanolem, u kterých byla diagnostikována smrt mozku a následně proveden odběr orgánů k transplantačním účelům ve Fakultní nemocnici Ostrava. Ve spolupráci s dalšími transplantačními centry (Institut klinické a experimentální medicíny, Transplantační centrum FN Hradec Králové, Centrum kardiovaskulární a transplantační chirurgie Brno) byla hodnocena funkce štěpů, pooperační morbidita a letalita. Výsledky: Během sledovaného období (od září 2012) byly v Transplantačním centru Fakultní nemocnice Ostrava provedeny celkem tři odběry orgánů od kadaverózních dárců zmírajících v důsledku otravy metanolem. Následně bylo provedeno šest transplantací ledvin (3 muži, 3 ženy). Pooperační komplikace se vyskytly u dvou pacientů (33,3 %), jeden pacient zemřel (16,7 %). V jednom případě (16,7 %) došlo k selhání funkce štěpu. Ani u jednoho příjemce nebyly zaznamenány klinické či laboratorní známky otravy metanolem. Závěr: Úmrtí následkem intoxikace metanolem není kontraindikací k odběru orgánů, přičemž funkce štěpů a přežívání pacientů je srovnatelné s orgány od neintoxikovaných dárců.

Introduction: Intoxicated patients represent only a minimum of the total number of cadaveric donors; however, their significance within the transplant program in the Czech Republic has recently been emphasized in connection with the so-called methanol affair. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of methanol-poisoned patients who were declared brain-dead and subsequently underwent organ removal for transplantation purposes in the University Hospital Ostrava was performed. In cooperation with other transplant centres (Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Transplant Centre of the University Hospital Hradec Králové, Centre for Cardiovascular and Transplantation Surgery in Brno) the graft function, postoperative morbidity and mortality was evaluated. Results: During the study period (since September 2012), organs from three brain-dead donors as a result of methanol intoxication were retrieved in the Transplant Centre of the University Hospital Ostrava. Subsequently, six kidneys were transplanted (3 males, 3 females). Postoperative complications occurred in two patients (33.3%), one patient died (16.7%). In one case (16.7%), the graft failed. None of the graft recipients developed clinical or laboratory signs of methanol poisoning. Conclusion: Death due to methanol intoxication is not a contraindication to organ donation, graft function and patient survival being comparable to organs from non-intoxicated donors.

• MeSH
• Tissue Donors * MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Methanol * adverse effects   MeSH
• Alcoholic Intoxication * MeSH
• Postoperative Complications mortality   MeSH
• Graft Survival MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Kidney Transplantation * MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

The study examined the effect of trait psychopathy and BAS fun-seeking on alcohol drinking and whether this effect is moderated by thinking styles. We hypothesized that psychopathy will indirectly predict alcohol drinking through BAS fun-seeking, moderated by experientiality and rationality. METHODS: The research sample of the cross-sectional study consisted of 241 working adults (47.30% men). Participants completed the Short Dark Triad, Behavioral Inhibition (BIS) and Behavioral Activation Scales (BAS), the Rational-Experiential Inventory-40, and the Health Behavior Inventory. RESULTS: Psychopathy indirectly predicted alcohol drinking through BAS fun-seeking. Experientiality significantly moderated the relationship between BAS fun-seeking and alcohol drinking. In the context of high experientiality, BAS fun-seeking predicted alcohol drinking positively and significantly. Rationality did not create a significant context for predicting alcohol drinking by BAS fun-seeking and psychopathy.

Mate value is an important concept in mate choice research although its operationalization and understanding are limited. Here, we reviewed and evaluated previously established conceptual and methodological approaches measuring mate value and presented original research using individual differences in how people view themselves as a face-valid proxy for mate value in long- and short-term contexts. In data from 41 nations (N = 3895, Mage = 24.71, 63% women, 47% single), we tested sex, age, and relationship status effects on self-perceived mate desirability, along with individual differences in the Dark Triad traits, life history strategies, peer-based comparison of desirability, and self-reported mating success. Both sexes indicated more short-term than long-term mate desirability; however, men reported more long-term mate desirability than women, whereas women reported more short-term mate desirability than men. Further, individuals who were in a committed relationship felt more desirable than those who were not. Concerning the cross-sectional stability of mate desirability across the lifespan, in men, short- and long-term desirability rose to the age of 40 and 50, respectively, and decreased afterward. In women, short-term desirability rose to the age of 38 and decreased afterward, whereas long-term desirability remained stable over time. Our results suggest that measuring long- and short-term self-perceived mate desirability reveals predictable correlates.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Individuality * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Sexual Behavior MeSH
• Sexual Partners MeSH
• Choice Behavior * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

Úvod: V této práci popisujeme naše zkušenosti s hlubokou mozkovou stimulací (DBS). Metoda a soubor: V rozmezí let 1998 až 2009 jsme provedli DBS u 100 nemocných (Ž : M = 37 : 63; medián 56 let: 12 až 73 let). Z toho 14 trpělo esenciálním tremorem (ET), dva jiným třesem (T), 73 Parkinsonovou nemocí (PN), 10 generalizovanou dystonií různého původu (GD) a jeden cervikální (CD) dystonií. Cílem implantace bylo ventrální intermediální jádro talamu (VIM) pro ET, T a PN, nc. subthalamicus (STN) pro PN a vnitřní pallidum (GPi) pro GD, CD, PN. Intracerebrální elektrody byly implantovány do 187 jader . Hodnotili jsme intraoperační stimulační parametry, klinickou odpověď na stimulaci a parametry určující přesnost implantace. Výsledky: Medián nejnižší účinné stimulace byl 1 V (0,3-2,5 V). Terapeutický interval byl 0-5 V (medián 2,5 V). Tremor byl odstraněn během implantace do jednotlivých jader VIM v 92,9 %, rigidita a akineze při implantaci do STN v 94,7; resp. v 18,9 %. Vypočítaný cíl byl použit pro konečnou implantaci elektrody v 56,7 % případů. Implantovaná elektroda procházela STN jádrem v rozmezí 3,5-7,5 mm (medián 5 mm). Rozdíl souřadnic mezi předpokládanou a skutečnou pozicí elektrody dle pooperačního RTG byl: ?X= 0,5 (0-1,5), ?Y=0,7 (0-1,7),?Z = 0,5 (0-1,7). Nejčastější vedlejší příznaky stimulace byly u VIM parestezie v 38 % a u STN dysartrie v 28,3 % případech. Intraoperační klinické, technické a hardwarové komplikace se objevily u 21 % nemocných. Závěr: Intraoperační výsledky prokázaly přesné zacílení a dobrou techniku implantace s minimální morbiditou.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the method of choice in the treatment of various movement disorders. Methods: Between 1998 and 2009, we performed DBS in 100 patients (F : M = 37 : 63; median 56 yrs /12-73 yrs/). Fourteen patients suffered from essential tremor (ET), 2 from tremor of other aetiology (T), 73 from Parkinson's disease (PD), 10 from generalized (GD) and 1 from cervical (CD ) dystonia. Implantation was targeted in the ventral intermedial thalamus (VIM) for ET, T and PD, subthalamic nucelus (STN) for PD and internal pallidum (GPi) for GD, CD and PD. Intracerebral electrodes were totally implanted into 187 nuclei. We evaluated stimulation parameters, while clinical response and parameters determined the accuracy of implantation. Results: The lowest effective amplitude of stimulation ranged from 0.3 to 2.5 V (median 1 V). The therapeutic interval ranged from 0 to 5 V (median 2.5 V). Tremor was eliminated in 92.9% of cases, rigidity in 94.7% and akinesia in 18.9%. The central trajectory was used for final electrode implantation in 56.7% of procedures. In STN the trajectory passed through the nucleus in the range of 3.5-7.5 mm (median 5 mm). The difference of coordinates between expected and real position of electrodes was: ?X= 0.5 (0-1.5), ?Y=0.7 (0-1.7), ?Z=0.5 (0-1.7). The most frequent side effects were paraesthesias (VIM 38%) and dysarthria (STN 28.3%). Overall morbidity occurred in 21% of patients. Conclusion: The results showed accurate targeting and optimal implantation technique with minimal morbidity.

• Keywords
• intraoperační výsledky, přesnost implantace, intraoperační komplikace,
• MeSH
• Dystonic Disorders therapy   MeSH
• Dystonia MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Deep Brain Stimulation methods   instrumentation   utilization   MeSH
• Electrodes, Implanted utilization   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Interdisciplinary Communication MeSH
• Parkinson Disease therapy   MeSH
• Intraoperative Complications MeSH
• Movement Disorders diagnosis   etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Postoperative Care MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Stereotaxic Techniques utilization   MeSH
• Tremor therapy   MeSH
• Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH