Delphi panel
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... Integrované vývojové prostředí Delphi 7 -- 2. Programovací jazyk Delphi -- 3. ... ... Delphi for NET Preview: Jazyk a knihovna běhového prostředí 482 -- Příloha A: Další nástroje pro Delphi ... ... 168 -- Pravidla pro programátory knihoven DLL Delphi 169 -- 10.2 Vytvoření knihovny DLL v Delphi 170 ... ... DLL Delphi 175 -- Volání funkcí DLL za běhu programu 175 -- Formulář Delphi v knihovně DLL 176 -- 10.4 ... ... 453 -- UDDI v Delphi 7 454 -- 24. ...
Myslíme v-- Knihovna zkušeného programátora
1. vyd. 578 s. : il. ; 24 cm
Kniha se soustředí pouze na novinky, s nimiž přišla sedmá verze tohoto populárního vývojového prostředí.
- Klíčová slova
- Delphi 7,
IMPORTANCE: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a rare but potentially fatal drug hypersensitivity reaction. To our knowledge, there is no international consensus on its severity assessment and treatment. OBJECTIVE: To reach an international, Delphi-based multinational expert consensus on the diagnostic workup, severity assessment, and treatment of patients with DRESS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Delphi method was used to assess 100 statements related to baseline workup, evaluation of severity, acute phase, and postacute management of DRESS. Fifty-seven international experts in DRESS were invited, and 54 participated in the survey, which took place from July to September 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES/MEASURES: The degree of agreement was calculated with the RAND-UCLA Appropriateness Method. Consensus was defined as a statement with a median appropriateness value of 7 or higher (appropriate) and a disagreement index of lower than 1. RESULTS: In the first Delphi round, consensus was reached on 82 statements. Thirteen statements were revised and assessed in a second round. A consensus was reached for 93 statements overall. The experts agreed on a set of basic diagnostic workup procedures as well as severity- and organ-specific further investigations. They reached a consensus on severity assessment (mild, moderate, and severe) based on the extent of liver, kidney, and blood involvement and the damage of other organs. The panel agreed on the main lines of DRESS management according to these severity grades. General recommendations were generated on the postacute phase follow-up of patients with DRESS and the allergological workup. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This Delphi exercise represents, to our knowledge, the first international expert consensus on diagnostic workup, severity assessment, and management of DRESS. This should support clinicians in the diagnosis and management of DRESS and constitute the basis for development of future guidelines.
Categorization systems for tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection lack consistency in classifying disease severity. To evaluate the need for a standard, consensus-based categorisation system for TBEV infection across subtypes, we gathered an expert panel of clinicians and scientists with diverse expertise in TBEV infection. Consensus was sought using the Delphi technique, which consisted of 2 web-based survey questionnaires and a final, virtual, consensus-building exercise. Ten panellists representing 8 European countries participated in the Delphi exercise, with specialities in neurology, infectious disease, paediatrics, immunology, virology, and epidemiology. Panellists reached unanimous consensus on the need for a standardised, international categorisation system to capture both clinical presentation and severity of TBEV infection. Ideally, such a system should be feasible for use at bedside, be clear and easy to understand, and capture both the acute and follow-up phases of TBEV infection. Areas requiring further discussion were (1) the timepoints at which assessments should be made and (2) whether there should be a separate system for children. This Delphi panel study found that a critical gap persists in the absence of a feasible and practical classification system for TBEV infection. Specifically, the findings of our Delphi exercise highlight the need for the development of a user-friendly classification system that captures the acute and follow-up (i.e., outcome) phases of TBEV infection and optimally reflects both clinical presentation and severity. Development of a clinical categorisation system will enhance patient care and foster comparability among studies, thereby supporting treatment development, refining vaccine strategies, and fortifying public health surveillance.
- MeSH
- delfská metoda * MeSH
- klíšťová encefalitida * epidemiologie virologie diagnóza MeSH
- konsensus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- viry klíšťové encefalitidy * klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The SIOP-Renal Tumor Study Group (RTSG) does not advocate invasive procedures to determine histology before the start of therapy. This may induce misdiagnosis-based treatment initiation, but only for a relatively small percentage of approximately 10% of non-Wilms tumors (non-WTs). MRI could be useful for reducing misdiagnosis, but there is no global consensus on differentiating characteristics. PURPOSE: To identify MRI characteristics that may be used for discrimination of newly diagnosed pediatric renal tumors. STUDY TYPE: Consensus process using a Delphi method. POPULATION: Not applicable. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Abdominal MRI including T1- and T2-weighted imaging, contrast-enhanced MRI, and diffusion-weighted imaging at 1.5 or 3 T. ASSESSMENT: Twenty-three radiologists from the SIOP-RTSG radiology panel with ≥5 years of experience in MRI of pediatric renal tumors and/or who had assessed ≥50 MRI scans of pediatric renal tumors in the past 5 years identified potentially discriminatory characteristics in the first questionnaire. These characteristics were scored in the subsequent second round, consisting of 5-point Likert scales, ranking- and multiple choice questions. STATISTICAL TESTS: The cut-off value for consensus and agreement among the majority was ≥75% and ≥60%, respectively, with a median of ≥4 on the Likert scale. RESULTS: Consensus on specific characteristics mainly concerned the discrimination between WTs and non-WTs, and WTs and nephrogenic rest(s) (NR)/nephroblastomatosis. The presence of bilateral lesions (75.0%) and NR/nephroblastomatosis (65.0%) were MRI characteristics indicated as specific for the diagnosis of a WT, and 91.3% of the participants agreed that MRI is useful to distinguish NR/nephroblastomatosis from WT. Furthermore, all participants agreed that age influenced their prediction in the discrimination of pediatric renal tumors. DATA CONCLUSION: Although the discrimination of pediatric renal tumors based on MRI remains challenging, this study identified some specific characteristics for tumor subtypes, based on the shared opinion of experts. These results may guide future validation studies and innovative efforts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 3.
OBJECTIVE: Explicit screening tools and implicit evaluation methods have been developed to assist healthcare professionals in the management of pharmacotherapy in older adults. As prescribing habits and locally available medications vary considerably between countries, guides tailored to the needs of specific regions may be required. We aimed to report the results of the international Delphi validation study for the Turkish Inappropriate Medication use in the Elderly (TIME) criteria set, which aims to detect inappropriate prescribing in older adults in Eastern Europe. METHODS: The study was conducted between June 2019 and March 2020. Delphi rounds were conducted by the TIME international working group, which included 11 internationally recognized experts in geriatric pharmacotherapy as Delphi panelists. They were asked to indicate to what extent they agreed or disagreed with each TIME criterion, taking into account both the available evidence and their own experience. We used a five-point Likert scale from 1 (strongly agree) to 5 (strongly disagree) and an online software program (SurveyMonkey®) to grade the level of agreement. Criteria with a median value of 1 or 2 and a 75th centile value of 1 or 2 were accepted, and criteria with a median value > 2 were rejected. Those with a median value of 1 or 2 but a 75th centile value > 2 were retained, to be assessed in the following round. The initial list of Delphi criteria comprised 153 TIME items. RESULTS: After three Delphi rounds, 134 criteria were accepted and seven criteria were rejected, while 12 criteria did not achieve consensus, and so were not included in the final validated set of TIME criteria. CONCLUSION: We developed the internationally validated TIME criteria set based on a Delphi process involving international experts. The validation study suggests that the TIME criteria set can be applied in both central and Eastern European settings. Further studies are needed to assess the utility and benefit of the TIME criteria in reducing inappropriate drug use and improving clinical outcomes.
- MeSH
- delfská metoda MeSH
- konsensus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nevhodné předepisování * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Advance care planning (ACP) is increasingly recognised in the global agenda for dementia care. The European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) Taskforce on ACP in Dementia aimed to provide recommendations for policy initiatives and future research. We conducted a four-round Delphi study with a 33-country panel of 107 experts between September, 2021, and June, 2022, that was approved by the EAPC Board. Consensus was achieved on 11 recommendations concerning the regulation of advance directives, equity of access, and dementia-inclusive approaches and conversations to express patients' values. Identified research gaps included the need for an evidence-based dementia-specific practice model that optimises engagement and communication with people with fluctuating and impaired capacity and their families to support decision making, while also empowering people to adjust their decisions if their goals or preferences change over time. Policy gaps included insufficient health services frameworks for dementia-inclusive practice. The results highlight the need for more evidence and policy development that support inclusive ACP practice models.
- MeSH
- delfská metoda * MeSH
- demence * terapie MeSH
- konsensus * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pacientova přání ohledně budoucí terapie MeSH
- paliativní péče * MeSH
- předběžné plánování péče * organizace a řízení MeSH
- zdravotní politika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
BACKGROUND: The measurement of physical fitness has a history that dates back nearly 200 years. Recently, there has been an increase in international research and surveillance on physical fitness creating a need for setting international priorities that could help guide future efforts. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to produce a list of the top 10 international priorities for research and surveillance on physical fitness among children and adolescents. METHODS: Using a twin-panel Delphi method, two independent panels consisting of 46 international experts were identified (panel 1 = 28, panel 2 = 18). The panel participants were asked to list up to five priorities for research or surveillance (round 1), and then rated the items from their own panel on a 5-point Likert scale of importance (round 2). In round 3, experts were asked to rate the priorities identified by the other panel. RESULTS: There was strong between-panel agreement (panel 1: rs = 0.76, p < 0.01; panel 2: rs = 0.77, p < 0.01) in the priorities identified. The list of the final top 10 priorities included (i) "conduct longitudinal studies to assess changes in fitness and associations with health". This was followed by (ii) "use fitness surveillance to inform decision making", and (iii) "implement regular and consistent international/national fitness surveys using common measures". CONCLUSIONS: The priorities identified in this study provide guidance for future international collaborations and research efforts on the physical fitness of children and adolescents over the next decade and beyond.
OBJECTIVE: Evidence is lacking to guide the management of infective native aortic aneurysm (INAA). The aim of this study was to establish expert consensus on surgical and antimicrobial treatment and follow up, and to define when an INAA is considered cured. METHODS: Delphi methodology was used. The principal investigators invited 47 international experts (specialists in infectious diseases, radiology, nuclear medicine, and vascular and cardiothoracic surgery) via email. Four Delphi rounds were performed, three weeks each, using an online questionnaire with initially 28 statements. The panellists rated the statements on a five point Likert scale. Comments on statements were analysed, statements were revised and added or deleted, and the results were presented in the iterative rounds. Consensus was defined as ≥ 75% of the panel rating a statement as strongly agree or agree on the Likert scale, and consensus on the final assessment was defined as Cronbach's alpha > 0.80. RESULTS: All 49 panellists completed all four rounds, resulting in 100% participation. One statement was added based on the results and comments of the panel, resulting in 29 final statements: three on need for consensus, 20 on treatment, five on follow up, and one on definition of cure. All 29 statements reached agreement of ≥ 86%. Cronbach's alpha increased for each consecutive round; round 1, 0.85; round 2, 0.90; round 3, 0.91; and round 4, 0.94. Thus, consensus was reached for all statements. CONCLUSION: INAAs are rare, and high level evidence to guide optimal management is lacking. This consensus document was established with the aim of helping clinicians manage these challenging patients, as a supplement to current guidelines. The presented consensus will need future amendments in accordance with newly acquired knowledge.
- MeSH
- aortální aneurysma * MeSH
- delfská metoda MeSH
- konsensus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíl: Symptomy dolních cest močových se vyskytují u přibližně 3/4 pacientů s roztroušenou sklerózou a výrazně ovlivňují kvalitu jejich života. V mnoha aspektech diagnostiky a léčby symptomů dolních močových cest je současná úroveň důkazu nedostatečná. Cílem práce bylo formulovat doporučení pro urologickou diagnostiku a léčbu na úrovni „doporučení expertů“ v našich podmínkách. Soubor a metodika: Doporučení byla vytvořena podle metodiky DELPHI. Byla provedena revize literatury dle modifikovaného schématu PRISMA a na jejím základě byla vytvořena 1. verze doporučení ve formě jednotlivých tezí. Ta byla rozeslána členům panelu expertů, kteří vyjádřili svůj názor na jednotlivé teze pomocí Likertovy škály 1–9, kde 1 znamená „silně nesouhlasím“ a 9 znamená „silně souhlasím“, případně doplnili poznámky a komentáře k jednotlivým tezím. Následně byla provedena statistická analýza. Přeformulovány a doplněny byly všechny teze, v nichž byl medián číselného hodnocení menší než 6. Tím vznikla 2. verze doporučení, která byla hodnocena stejným způsobem. Výsledky: Celkem proběhla dvě kola komunikace. Vzhledem k vysoké míře dosažené shody nebylo třeba další kolo komunikace a 2. verze doporučení byla považována za definitivní. Oproti původnímu návrhu bylo změněno 14 z 58 stanovisek. Průměr mediánů hodnocení jednotlivých tezí byl v konečné verzi 8,22. Závěry: Pomocí metodiky DELPHI bylo dosaženo mezioborového konsenzu. Tato doporučení by měla být využívána v denní klinické praxi odborníky obou specializací.
Aim: Lower urinary tract symptoms are prevalent in approximately 75% of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) and have significant impact on their quality of life. There is a lack of evidence in many aspects of diagnostics and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in MS patients. The aim of the study was to provide guidelines for urologic diagnostics and treatment based on expert opinion in clinical practice in the Czech Republic. Material and methods: The guidelines were created using the DELPHI methodology. Comprehensive literature search according to PRISMA statement was performed. Based on this search, the first version of the guidelines was formulated. Members of a panel of experts rated individual items of the guidelines using a 9-point Lickert scale, where 1 means „strong disagreement“ and 9 means „strong agreement“. Subsequently, statistical analysis was performed. All items with rating median of less than 6 were updated. The second version of the guidelines was evaluated using the same technique. Results: In total, two rounds of communication were held. The second version of the guidelines was considered final due to high degree of consensus. Compared to the original version, 14 of 58 items were modified during the communication process. Average rating medians of the items included in the final version was 8.22. Conclusion: Interdisciplinary consensus was reached using the DELPHI methodology. Resulting guidelines should be used by both urologist and neurologist in routine clinical practice.
BACKGROUND: Nurses play an important role in pharmaceutical care. They are involved in: detecting clinical change; communicating/discussing pharmacotherapy with patients, their advocates, and other healthcare professionals; proposing and implementing medication-related interventions; and ensuring follow-up of patients and medication regimens. To date, a framework of nurses' competences on knowledge, skills, and attitudes as to interprofessional pharmaceutical care tasks is missing. OBJECTIVES: To reach agreement with experts about nurses' competences for tasks in interprofessional pharmaceutical care. METHODS: A two-phase study starting with a scoping review followed by five Delphi rounds was performed. Competences extracted from the literature were assessed by an expert panel on relevance by using the RAND/UCLA method. The experts (n = 22) involved were healthcare professionals, nurse researchers, and educators from 14 European countries with a specific interest in nurses' roles in interprofessional pharmaceutical care. Descriptive statistics supported the data analysis. RESULTS: The expert panel reached consensus on the relevance of 60 competences for 22 nursing tasks. Forty-one competences were related to 15 generic nursing tasks and 33 competences were related to seven specific nursing tasks. CONCLUSIONS: This study resulted in a competence framework for competency-based nurse education. Future research should focus on imbedding these competences in nurse education. A structured instrument should be developed to assess students' readiness to achieve competence in interprofessional pharmaceutical care in clinical practice.
- MeSH
- delfská metoda MeSH
- farmaceutické služby * MeSH
- klinické kompetence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- role ošetřovatelky MeSH
- zdravotní sestry * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
