V této práci je podán přehled publikovaných elektromigračních metod pro stanovení obsahovýchlátek rostlinných drog zahrnutých v ČL 97. V přehledu jsou zahrnuty elektroforetické metody(CZE) použité k separaci různých přírodních sloučenin včetně flavonoidů, fenolických glykosidů,anthraglykosidů, kardioaktivních glykosidů, alkaloidů, organických kyselin,aminokyselin, polypeptidůa proteinů. V práci jsou také zmíněny výhody a nevýhody použití CZE metod v porovnánís HPLC technikami.
The present review paper surveys published electromigration methods for the determination ofactive substances occurring in plant drugs officinal in ČL 97. The review involves the electrophoreticmethods (CZE) that were used for the separation of different natural compounds includingflavonoids, phenolic glycosides, anthraglycosides, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, organic acids, aminoacids, polypeptides, and proteins. The advantages and drawbacks of CZE methods relative tocorresponding HPLC techniques are also discussed.
- MeSH
- Alkaloids chemistry MeSH
- Biflavonoids chemistry MeSH
- Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Capillary methods MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- Glycosides chemistry MeSH
- Acids chemistry MeSH
- Plants, Medicinal MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- MeSH
- Electrochemistry MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Capillary classification methods toxicity MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
This review presents the developments and applications of microchip electromigration methods in the separation and analysis of peptides and proteins in the period 2011-mid-2016. The developments in sample preparation and preconcentration, microchannel material, and surface treatment are described. Separations by various microchip electromigration methods (zone electrophoresis in free and sieving media, affinity electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) are demonstrated. Advances in detection methods are reported and novel applications in the areas of proteomics and peptidomics, quality control of peptide and protein pharmaceuticals, analysis of proteins and peptides in biomatrices, and determination of physicochemical parameters are shown.
The review presents a survey of recent applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods-capillary zone electrophoresis, nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography and capillary electrochromatography-for the determination of impurities of pharmaceuticals, including chiral impurities, for the period 2007-2013. In addition, due to the missing evaluation of the determination of counterions of pharmaceuticals by capillary electromigration methods in the last 20 years, the publications dealing with this topic since 1995 are included in this review. General aspects of both these types of applications of capillary electromigration methods in pharmaceutical analysis are discussed, and detailed experimental conditions used for determination of various chemical impurities and counterions of many particular drugs are described.
An overview mapping recent trends in the determination of polyphenols of natural origin (mostly flavonoids) and their synthetic derivatives by electromigration methods is presented. The overview (covering the period of the recent 5 years and comprising 61 references) is focused on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with various detection methods. Techniques comprising on-line pre-separation such as isotachophoresis (ITP)-CZE and flow-injection-CZE, chiral separations and CZE evaluation of antioxidation activity are also discussed.
- MeSH
- Antioxidants * analysis chemistry MeSH
- Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary methods trends MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Capillary methods trends MeSH
- Phenols * analysis chemistry MeSH
- Flavonoids * analysis chemistry MeSH
- Polyphenols MeSH
- Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Electrophoretic focusing on an inverse electromigration dispersion (EMD) profile is based on a principle different from those of other electrophoretic separation methods. It has already proved its applicability in analytical practice by offering competitive separation performance and sensitivity and specific selectivity. It can be classified as an intermediate between field-driven and equilibrium gradient methods and is therefore interesting from the viewpoint of theory of separation methods. This work presents a comprehensive theoretical description of electrophoretic focusing on an inverse EMD profile comprising properties of the electrolyte system, formed gradients, and focused analyte zones. The separation properties are described in terms of resolution and peak capacity and their dependence on system and analyte properties is discussed from the viewpoint of how the counteracting phenomena of electromigration and dispersion are affected by electric current, voltage, and hydrodynamic and electroosmotic flow. The overall performance of the present method is shown to be comparable with other electrophoretic separation methods like zone electrophoresis or isoelectric focusing.
Thirteen mono-N-acyl derivatives of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-new potential inhibitors of the dapE-encoded N-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE; EC 3.5.1.18)-were analyzed and characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and two capillary electromigration methods: capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Structural features of DAP derivatives were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies, whereas CZE and MEKC were applied to evaluate their purity and to investigate their electromigration properties. Effective electrophoretic mobilities of these compounds were determined by CZE in acidic and alkaline background electrolytes (BGEs) and by MEKC in acidic and alkaline BGEs containing a pseudostationary phase of anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or cationic detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The best separation of DAP derivatives, including diastereomers of some of them, was achieved by MEKC in an acidic BGE (500 mM acetic acid [pH 2.54] and 60mM SDS). All DAP derivatives were examined for their ability to inhibit catalytic activity of DapE from Haemophilus influenzae (HiDapE) and ArgE from Escherichia coli (EcArgE). None of these DAP derivatives worked as an effective inhibitor of HiDapE, but one derivative-N-fumaryl, Me-ester-DAP-was found to be a moderate inhibitor of EcArgE, thereby providing a promising lead structure for further studies on ArgE inhibitors.
- MeSH
- Amidohydrolases antagonists & inhibitors MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Capillary methods MeSH
- Escherichia coli enzymology MeSH
- Haemophilus influenzae enzymology MeSH
- Enzyme Inhibitors chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Diaminopimelic Acid chemistry MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods MeSH
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases with long incubation time. This group includes Creutzfeld-Jakob disease, kuru, scrapie, chronic wasting disease, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Sensitive and specific detection of abnormal prion protein as "a source agent" of the above-mentioned diseases in blood could provide a diagnostic test or a screening assay for animal and human prion protein diseases diagnostics. Therefore, diagnostic tests for prion protein diseases represent unique challenge requiring development of novel assays exploiting properties of prion protein complex. Presently, diagnostic methods such as protein misfolding cyclic amplification, conformation-dependent immunoassay, dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassay, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and/or flow microbead immunoassay are used for abnormal prion protein (PrP(Sc) ) detection. On the other hand, using of CE for PrP(Sc) detection in body fluids is an attractive alternative; it has been already applied for the blood samples of infected sheep, elk, chimpanzee, as well as humans. In this review, assays for prion protein detection are summarized with special attention to capillary electromigration based techniques, such as CE, CIEF, and/or CGE. The potential of the miniaturized and integrated lab-on-chip devices is highlighted, emphasizing recent advances of this field in the proteomic analysis.
- MeSH
- Alzheimer Disease diagnosis metabolism MeSH
- Electrophoresis, Capillary methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Prion Diseases diagnosis MeSH
- Prions analysis chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
