BACKGROUND/AIM: It has been demonstrated that most routine biopsies from the colon and rectum display cross-cut crypts (CCC). The aim was to assess the number of CCC in microscopic isometric digital samples (0.500 mm2) from routine colon biopsies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Colon biopsies from 224 patients were investigated: 99 in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 31 UC in remission (UCR), 28 infectious colitis (IC), 7 resolved IC (RIC), 19 diverticular sigmoiditis (DS), and 40 normal colon mucosa (NCM). RESULTS: A total of 8,024 CCC were registered: 2,860 (35.6%) in UC, 1,319 UCR (16.4%), 849 (10.6%) in IC, 340 (4.2%) in RIC, 795 (9.9%) in DS, and 1,861 (23.2%) in NCM. The CCC frequencies in UC and IC were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those in UCR, RIC, DS, and NCM. CONCLUSION: By the simple algorithm of counting CCC in standardized isometric microscopic digital circles measuring 0.500 mm2, it was possible to differentiate between UC (long-lasting inflammation) and IC (short-lasting inflammation) on the one hand, and UCR, RIC, DS (persistent inflammation), and NCM, on the other. The counting of CCC in the algorithm by five pathologists working in three disparate European Countries, was found to be reproducible.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Several prominent evolutionary theories contend that religion was critical to the emergence of large-scale societies and encourages cooperation in contemporary complex groups. These theories argue that religious systems provide a reliable mechanism for finding trustworthy anonymous individuals under conditions of risk. In support, studies find that people displaying cues of religious identity are more likely to be trusted by anonymous coreligionists. However, recent research has found that displays of religious commitment can increase trust across religious divides. These findings are puzzling from the perspective that religion emerges to regulate coalitions. To date, these issues have not been investigated outside of American undergraduate samples nor have studies considered how religious identities interact with other essential group-membership signals, such as ancestry, to affect intergroup trust. Here, we address these issues and compare religious identity, ancestry, and trust among and between Christians and Hindus living in Mauritius. Ninety-seven participants rated the trustworthiness of faces, and in a modified trust game distributed money among these faces, which varied according to religious and ethnic identity. In contrast to previous research, we find that markers of religious identity increase monetary investments only among in-group members and not across religious divides. Moreover, out-group religious markers on faces of in-group ancestry decrease reported trustworthiness. These findings run counter to recent studies collected in the United States and suggest that local socioecologies influence the relationships between religion and trust. We conclude with suggestions for future research and a discussion of the challenges of conducting field experiments with remote populations.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• důvěra psychologie   MeSH
• hinduismus psychologie   MeSH
• křesťanství psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náboženství a psychologie * MeSH
• rozpoznání obličeje * MeSH
• skupinové procesy * MeSH
• sociální identifikace * MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Mauricius MeSH

• MeSH
• mikrochirurgie MeSH
• neurochirurgické výkony MeSH
• neurochirurgie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• neurologie
• neurochirurgie

BACKGROUND: Vinorelbine constitutes effective chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and acts synergistically with trastuzumab in HER-2/neu positive disease. The present study was set out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vinorelbine when combined with lapatinib, an anti-HER2 tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, as late-line regimen administered beyond previous disease progression on prior lapatinib in patients with HER-2/neu- positive MBC. METHODS: The CECOG LaVie study was designed as open-labeled, single-arm, multicenter phase II trial. Patients had to be pretreated with lapatinib plus chemotherapy, and received lapatinib at a daily dose of 1250 mg in combination with vinorelbine 20 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1 and 8 of a three-week cycle until disease progression, intolerable toxicity or withdrawal of consent. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as primary study endpoint; secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), response rate according to RECIST 1.1, and safety. The study was terminated early due to poor accrual. RESULTS: A total number of nine patients were included; lapatinib administered beyond disease progression combined with vinorelbine resulted in a median PFS of 7.7 months (95% CI 0.56-14.91) and a median OS of 23.4 months (95% CI 16.61-30.13), respectively. Partial remission was seen in one of nine patients, three patients had stable disease of > six months, whereas the remaining five patients had primary disease progression. In two patients, modification of vinorelbine dose due to toxicity became necessary; no dose modification was needed for lapatinib. The majority of reported adverse events (AE) were grade 1 and 2 in severity with diarrhea being the most commonly observed AE CONCLUSION: In this heavily pretreated patient population, combination of vinorelbine plus lapatinib showed encouraging activity and was characterized by an acceptable safety profile. Despite the low patient number, lapatinib plus vinorelbine may constitute a potential treatment option in heavily pretreated patients with HER-2/neu-positive MBC previously exposed to lapatinib. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT number 2009-016826-15, (15. 10.2009).

• MeSH
• chinazoliny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prsu farmakoterapie   MeSH
• protinádorové látky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• receptor erbB-2 MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vinblastin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   analogy a deriváty   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• neurochirurgie,
• MeSH
• mikrochirurgie MeSH
• vestibulární schwannom MeSH

Úkolem této knihy je objasnit a shrnout všechny aspekty o šalvěji divotvorné, dosud legální droze, která je opředena mnohými tajemstvími a předsudky. Čtenář zde najde veškeré poznatky o Salvia divinorum, které mu objektivně ukážou pravou tvář této byliny. V historii psychoaktivních rostlin není těžké najít nitku, která se vine jako rudé vlákno bahnem morálky, justice a politiky. Žádná rostlina a ani žádná droga není nebezpečná sama od sebe, pouze zacházení s ní může být užitečné nebo škodlivé!

• MeSH
• diterpeny farmakologie   MeSH
• etnobotanika MeSH
• halucinogeny MeSH
• psychofarmakologie MeSH
• šalvěj MeSH
• šamanismus MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Rostlinná výroba
• NLK Obory
• botanika
• adiktologie
• psychofarmakologie
• okultní vědy

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc MeSH
• demence MeSH
• Huntingtonova nemoc MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• neurologie

• Klíčová slova
• resekabilita,
• MeSH
• cetuximab aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• hepatektomie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• klinické rozhodování MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nádory jater * farmakoterapie   sekundární   MeSH
• neoadjuvantní terapie MeSH
• perioperační období škodlivé účinky   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Advancements in immunotherapeutic approaches only had a modest impact on the therapy of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (LNENs). Our multicenter study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of novel immunotherapy targets in intermediate- and high-grade LNENs. METHODS: The expressions of V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), OX40L, Glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor (GITR), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry in surgically resected tumor samples of 26 atypical carcinoid (AC), 49 large cell neuroendocrine lung cancer (LCNEC), and 66 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Tumor and immune cells were separately scored. RESULTS: Tumor cell TIM3 expression was the highest in ACs (p < 0.001), whereas elevated tumor cell GITR levels were characteristic for both ACs and SCLCs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). OX40L expression of tumor cells was considerably lower in ACs (vs. SCLCs; p < 0.001). Tumor cell VISTA expression was consistently low in LNENs, with no significant differences across histological subtypes. ACs were the least immunogenic tumors concerning immune cell abundance (p < 0.001). Immune cell VISTA and GITR expressions were also significantly lower in these intermediate-grade malignancies than in SCLCs or in LCNECs. Immune cell TIM3 and GITR expressions were associated with borderline prognostic significance in our multivariate model (p = 0.057 and p = 0.071, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: LNEN subtypes have characteristic and widely divergent VISTA, OX40L, GITR, and TIM3 protein expressions. By shedding light on the different expression patterns of these immunotherapy targets, the current multicenter study provides support for the future implementation of novel immunotherapeutic approaches.

• MeSH
• antigeny B7 metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčný receptor 2 viru hepatitidy A * metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glukokortikoidy indukovaný protein související s TNRF * metabolismus   MeSH
• imunoterapie * metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligand OX40 metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery * metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory plic * imunologie   patologie   terapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• neuroendokrinní nádory * imunologie   metabolismus   terapie   patologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

The current treatment algorithm for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) as depicted in the 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) includes a multimodal approach of combinations of pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA), balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) and medical therapies to target major vessel pulmonary vascular lesions, and microvasculopathy. Today, BPA of >1700 patients has been reported in the literature from centers in Asia, the US, and also Europe; many more patients have been treated outside literature reports. As BPA becomes part of routine care of patients with CTEPH, benchmarks for safe and effective care delivery become increasingly important. In light of this development, the ESC Working Group on Pulmonary Circulation and Right Ventricular Function has decided to publish a document that helps standardize BPA to meet the need of uniformity in patient selection, procedural planning, technical approach, materials and devices, treatment goals, complications including their management, and patient follow-up, thus complementing the guidelines. Delphi methodology was utilized for statements that were not evidence based. First, an anatomical nomenclature and a description of vascular lesions are provided. Second, treatment goals and definitions of complete BPA are outlined. Third, definitions of complications are presented which may be the basis for a standardized reporting in studies involving BPA. The document is intended to serve as a companion to the official ESC/ERS guidelines.

• MeSH
• arteria pulmonalis chirurgie   MeSH
• balónková angioplastika * metody   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• funkce pravé komory srdeční MeSH
• kardiologie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plicní embolie * komplikace   terapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• plicní hypertenze * etiologie   terapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• plicní oběh MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH