BACKGROUND: Patients with gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma with tumour-positive lymph nodes (ypN+) or positive surgical margins (R1) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection are at high risk of recurrence. Adjuvant nivolumab is effective in oesophageal/oesophagogastric junction cancer and residual pathological disease following chemoradiation and surgery. Immune checkpoint inhibition has shown efficacy in advanced gastro-oesophageal cancer. We hypothesised that nivolumab/ipilimumab would be more effective than adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk (ypN+ and/or R1) patients with gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and resection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: VESTIGE was an academic international, multicentre, open-label, randomised phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of adjuvant nivolumab/ipilimumab versus chemotherapy in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma at high risk of recurrence. Patients were randomised 1 : 1 to receive standard adjuvant chemotherapy (same regimen as neoadjuvant) or nivolumab 3 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) every 2 weeks plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg i.v. every 6 weeks for 1 year. Key inclusion criteria included ypN+ and/or R1 status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus surgery. The primary endpoint was disease-free survival in the intent-to-treat population. Secondary endpoints included overall survival, locoregional and distant failure rates, and safety according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0. RESULTS: The independent Data Monitoring Committee reviewed data from 189 of the planned 240 patients in June 2022 and recommended stopping recruitment due to futility. At the time of final analysis, median follow-up was 25.3 months for 195 patients (98 nivolumab/ipilimumab and 97 chemotherapy). Median disease-free survival for the nivolumab/ipilimumab group was 11.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 8.4-16.8 months] versus 20.8 months (95% CI 15.0-29.9 months) for the chemotherapy group, hazard ratio 1.55 (95% CI 1.07-2.25, one-sided P = 0.99). The 12-month disease-free survival rates were 47.1% and 64.0%, respectively. There were no toxicity concerns or excess early discontinuations. CONCLUSION: Nivolumab/ipilimumab did not improve disease-free survival compared with chemotherapy in patients with ypN+ and/or R1 gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery.

• MeSH
• Adenocarcinoma * pathology   drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Chemotherapy, Adjuvant methods   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Gastrectomy MeSH
• Esophagogastric Junction * pathology   MeSH
• Immunotherapy methods   MeSH
• Ipilimumab administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neoplasm Recurrence, Local * pathology   prevention & control   drug therapy   epidemiology   MeSH
• Esophageal Neoplasms * pathology   drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Stomach Neoplasms * pathology   drug therapy   therapy   surgery   MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy * methods   adverse effects   MeSH
• Nivolumab administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Disease-Free Survival MeSH
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Clinical Trial, Phase II MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with neoadjuvant embolization is a treatment strategy for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), especially for those with large nidal volume or concomitant aneurysms. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of pre-SRS embolization in AVMs with an associated intracranial aneurysm (IA). METHODS: The International Radiosurgery Research Foundation AVM database from 1987 to 2018 was retrospectively reviewed. SRS-treated AVMs with IAs were included. Patients were categorized into those treated with upfront embolization (E + SRS) vs stand-alone SRS (SRS). Primary end point was a favorable outcome (AVM obliteration + no permanent radiation-induced changes or post-SRS hemorrhage). Secondary outcomes included AVM obliteration, mortality, follow-up modified Rankin Scale, post-SRS hemorrhage, and radiation-induced changes. RESULTS: Forty four AVM patients with associated IAs were included, of which 23 (52.3%) underwent pre-SRS embolization and 21 (47.7%) SRS only. Significant differences between the E + SRS vs SRS groups were found for AVM maximum diameter (1.5 ± 0.5 vs 1.1 ± 0.4 cm 3 , P = .019) and SRS treatment volume (9.3 ± 8.3 vs 4.3 ± 3.3 cm 3 , P = .025). A favorable outcome was achieved in 45.4% of patients in the E + SRS group and 38.1% in the SRS group ( P = .625). Obliteration rates were comparable (56.5% for E + SRS vs 47.6% for SRS, P = .555), whereas a higher mortality rate was found in the SRS group (19.1% vs 0%, P = .048). After adjusting for AVM maximum diameter, SRS treatment volume, and maximum radiation dose, the likelihood of achieving favorable outcome and AVM obliteration did not differ between groups ( P = .475 and P = .820, respectively). CONCLUSION: The likelihood of a favorable outcome and AVM obliteration after SRS with neoadjuvant embolization in AVMs with concomitant IA seems to be comparable with stand-alone SRS, even after adjusting for AVM volume and SRS maximum dose. However, the increased mortality among the stand-alone SRS group and relatively low risk of embolization-related complications suggest that these patients may benefit from a combined treatment approach.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Endovascular Procedures methods   MeSH
• Intracranial Aneurysm * therapy   MeSH
• Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations * therapy   surgery   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy * methods   MeSH
• Radiosurgery * methods   adverse effects   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Embolization, Therapeutic * methods   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

Multidisciplinární tým Pneumologické kliniky 2. LF UK a FN Motol v roce 2024 projednal 454 případů nemocných s plicním karcinomem; odoperovaných bylo v tom roce 70 (16 %). Mezi operovanými převažovali nemocní s adenokarcinomem (52 %) ve stadiích I–IIIB podle klasifikace TNM (rozsah primárního nádoru T, postižení mízních uzlin N a přítomnost vzdálených metastáz M). 18 operovaným jsme podali imunochemoterapii jako neoadjuvantní léčbu, u 61 % z nich došlo ke kompletní patologické regresi. Z operačních výkonů převažovaly významně lobektomie (86 %), pouze 1 výkon skončil explorativní thorakotomií. Shody mezi stadiem určeným klinicky a patologem jsme dosáhli v 55 %. Do 30 dnů po operaci nikdo nezemřel. Současné výsledky operativy plicního karcinomu jsme srovnali s podobnými sestavami nemocných z ambulantního i klinických pracovišť z posledních 45 let. Během této doby se počet indikací k resekční léčbě nezvýšil. Změnilo se zastoupení morfologických typů plicního karcinomu (nárůst adenokarcinomů), provedené výkony u operovaných (jednoznačně dnes převažují lobektomie) a mírně se zvýšil počet operovaných ve stadiích IIIA a IIIB. Shoda mezi klinicky zhodnoceným rozsahem nádoru a jeho skutečnou velikostí stanovenou patologem zůstává jako v minulosti na velmi dobré úrovni, a je srovnatelná s výsledky nejvyspělejších center ve světě. Počet indikací k resekci je závislý na včasnosti diagnostiky. V současnosti diagnostikujeme ve stadiích TNM I a II méně než 20 % nemocných s plicním karcinomem. Možné zlepšení vidíme ve zvýšení počtu účastníků screeningu karcinomu plic pomocí nízkodávkového CT, které je u nás dobře organizované a dostupné všem zájemcům od roku 2022. Dosud známé výsledky tohoto screeningu potvrzují 57% zastoupení I. a II. stadia TNM u takto zjištěných pacientů.

In 2024, the multidisciplinary team of the Department of Pulmonology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital discussed 454 cases of patients with lung cancer; There were 70 (16%) operated on that year. Patients with adenocarcinoma (52%) in TNM stages I to IIIB prevailed among the operated patients. We administered immunochemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment to 18 of the operated patients, and 61% of them experienced complete pathological regression. Lobectomies (86%) were significantly more prevalent among surgical procedures, only once the procedure ended with exploratory thoracotomy. We have achieved a 55% agreement between cTNM and pTNM. No one died within 30 days after the operation. We compared the current results of lung cancer surgery with similar groups of patients from outpatient and clinical departments from the last 45 years. During this time, the number of indications for resection treatment did not increase. The proportion of morphological types of lung carcinoma has changed (increase in adenocarcinomas), procedures performed in patients (lobectomies clearly predominate today) and the number of patients operated on in stages IIIA and IIIB has increased slightly. The agreement between the clinically evaluated extent of the tumor and its actual size determined by the pathologist remains at a very good level, as in the past, and is comparable to the results of the most advanced centers in the world. The number of indications for resection depends on the timeliness of diagnosis. At present, less than 20% of patients with lung cancer are diagnosed in TNM stages I and II. We see a possible improvement in the increase in the number of participants in lung cancer screening using low-dose CT, which is well organized and available to all interested parties from 2022. The results of this screening known so far confirm a 57% representation of stages I and II of TNM in patients detected in this way.

• MeSH
• Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lung Neoplasms surgery   diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy MeSH
• Observational Studies as Topic MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Standardem léčby pacientů, kteří podstoupili resekci nemalobuněčného plicního karcinomu (NSCLC), byla po několik dekád adjuvantní chemoterapie. Neuspokojivé výsledky této léčebné modality vedly k intenzivnímu výzkumu, který vyústil v zavedení perioperační imunochemoterapie do běžné praxe. Přelomových je hned několik klinických studií, které jsou v tomto článku diskutovány.

The standard of care in patients with resectable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been adjuvant chemotherapy for decades. Poor outcomes have led to intensive research and perioperative immunochemotherapy was introduced into daily practice. Several clinical trials have been revolutionizing and are discussed in this article.

• MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung * drug therapy   MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy MeSH
• Nivolumab administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Perioperative Care MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological administration & dosage   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Uroteliální karcinom patří v raných stadiích k nejčastějším nádorovým onemocněním, onkolog se však častěji setkává s pacienty s pokročilým onemocněním. Právě metastatický uroteliální karcinom zůstává velkou terapeutickou výzvou. Tradiční léčba byla a stále je postavena na chemoterapii obsahující platinový derivát, avšak za poslední roky i tato diagnóza prošla velkým vývojem a do léčby přibyly nové léky ze skupiny moderní imunoterapie. Zcela zásadní zlom pak přinesly kombinované režimy imunoterapie s konjugovanými protilátkami, kdy kombinace pembrolizumabu s enfortumab vedotinem přepsala doporučené postupy léčby uroteliálního karcinomu v první linii. Právě kombinovaná terapie se stane budoucností managementu uroteliálního karcinomu, tak jako je to patrné i u jiných nádorových onemocnění.

Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is an aggressive malignancy with a high risk of metastases and recurrence. The standard treatment involves neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy, yet approximately 50 % of patients relapse within three years. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves overall survival (OS) and pathological complete response (pCR). Emerging treatment strategies include neoadjuvant immunotherapy, with phase II trials demonstrating increased pCR rates with pembrolizumab and atezolizumab. The recently published NIAGARA trial established that perioperative durvalumab combined with chemotherapy reduces disease progression risk by 32 % (HR = 0.68) and mortality risk by 25 % (HR = 0.75). This supports perioperative immunotherapy as the new standard of care. Ongoing studies focus on combining ADCs and ICIs and leveraging ctDNA to refine patient selection. These advancements drive personalized oncology and optimize neoadjuvant therapy.

• MeSH
• Circulating Tumor DNA MeSH
• Immunotherapy methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Urinary Bladder Neoplasms * drug therapy   MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy MeSH
• Intraoperative Care MeSH
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Neoadjuvantní léčba nádorů tlustého střeva se na rozdíl od nádorů rekta používá zřídka. Jeho pozice v léčebném algoritmu není přesně definována. Tuto léčbu je třeba zvážit u lokálně významně pokročilých nádorů (cT4) s rozsáhlým postižením uzlin. Plán neoadjuvantní léčby by měl být stanoven v rámci multidisciplinárního týmu. Popisujeme hlavní klinické studie zaměřené na neoadjuvantní chemoterapii u karcinomu tlustého střeva. Zvláštní podskupinou jsou dMMR/MSI-high tumory, pacienti s takovými karcinomy jsou kandidáty na léčbu imunoterapií. Imunoterapie může navodit až kompletní remisi, ale může být také provázena dlouhodobou až trvalou toxicitou léčby. Neoadjuvantní imunoterapie nemetastatických nádorů tračníku je předmětem řady klinických studií. V současné době není žádná imunoterapie v EU registrována pro neoadjuvantní léčbu časných nádorů tračníku.

Neoadjuvant treatment for colon cancer, unlike rectal cancer, is rarely used. Its position in the treatment algorithm is not precisely defined. This treatment should be considered for locally significantly advanced tumors (cT4) with extensive nodal involvement. The neoadjuvant treatment plan should be determined in a multidisciplinary team setting. We describe the main clinical trials focused on neoadjuvant chemotherapy in colon cancer. A special subgroup is dMMR/MSI-high tumors, patients with such cancers are candidates for immunotherapy treatment. Immunotherapy can induce complete remission, but can also be accompanied by long-term or permanent toxicity of the treatment. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy of non-metastatic colon cancer is the subject of a number of clinical trials. Currently, no immunotherapy is registered in the EU for the neoadjuvant treatment of early colon cancer.

• Keywords
• dMMR/MSI-H karcinom,
• MeSH
• Adenocarcinoma drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Early Diagnosis MeSH
• Immunotherapy MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic MeSH
• Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic MeSH
• Drug Therapy, Combination methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Colonic Neoplasms * drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy * methods   MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Každý pacient s oligometastatickým onemocněním by měl být diskutován v prostředí multidisciplinárním týmu. Záměr léčby oligometastatického onemocnění je ve většině případů kurativní. Zásadní je léčba chirurgická, kterou lze kombinovat s ablačními metodami. Onkologická prognostická kritéria, která popisují riziko progrese/relapsu, pomáhají vybrat pacienty, kteří mají největší přínos z neoadjuvantní/perioperační chemoterapie. Pro optimální výběr systémové léčby metastatického kolorektálního karcinomu je nutná znalost prediktivních molekulárních faktorů. Jde o stanovení onkogenů RAS, BRAF a MMR/MSI. Základem systémové léčby je chemoterapie založená na kombinacích fluoropyrimidinů, oxaliplatiny nebo irinotekanu. Zvláštní jednotkou jsou nádory dMMR/MSI-high, které jsou velmi citlivé k léčbě moderní imunoterapií checkpoint inhibitory. Otázka indikace imunoterapie v případě resekabilních metastáz zatím není dořešena.

Every patient with oligometastatic disease should be discussed within a multidisciplinary team.The intention of treating oligometastatic disease is curative in most cases. Surgical treatment is essential, and can be combined with ablation methods. Oncological criteria that describe the risk of progression/relapse help select patients who benefit most from neoadjuvant/perioperative chemotherapy. For optimal selection of systemic treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer, knowledge of predictive molecular factors is necessary. These include determination of RAS, BRAF and MMR/MSI. The basis of systemic treatment is chemotherapy based on combinations of fluoropyrimidines, oxaliplatin or irinotecan. A special group includes patients with dMMR/MSI-high tumors, which are very sensitive to the treatment with modern immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors. The question of the indication of immunotherapy in the case of resectable metastases has not been resolved yet.

• Keywords
• oligometastatické onemocnění,
• MeSH
• Clinical Decision-Making MeSH
• Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic MeSH
• Colorectal Neoplasms * drug therapy   therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neoplasm Metastasis MeSH
• Liver Neoplasms surgery   pathology   secondary   MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy * methods   MeSH
• Oncogenes MeSH
• Perioperative Care methods   MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Patient Selection MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

V léčbě lokálně pokročilého karcinomu rekta v poslední době nastaly významné změny. Jedná se především o úplné přesunutí systémové léčby do neoadjuvantní fáze, možnost vynechání operace v případě klinicky kompletní remise a zavedení imunoterapie u pacientů s deficitem DNA opravných mechanizmů. Přestože neexistuje všeobecně uznávaný léčebný standard, koncept totální neoadjuvantní terapie, imunoterapie i neoperativní management jsou v klinické praxi široce akceptovány. Péče o pacienty s nádory konečníku je multimodální, komplexní a měla by vycházet z konsenzuálního doporučení. Předpokladem vysoké kvality standardní péče je, aby pracoviště v rámci daného centra postupovala jednotně. Současně by se měly brát v úvahu i neobvyklé klinické situace a zohlednit specifická přání pacienta. Uvedené doporučené postupy jsou odrazem snahy o sjednocení péče o pacienty s karcinomem rekta mezi jednotlivými pracovišti Komplexního onkologického centra v Brně. Nemají za cíl definovat všeobecná doporučení.

Significant changes have recently occurred in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. These include a complete administration of systemic therapy in the neoadjuvant phase of treatment, nonsurgical interventions in case of clinically complete response and using of immunotherapy in patients with the deficiency ofmismatch repair. Although there is no universally accepted treatment standard, the concept of total neoadjuvant therapy, immunotherapy and non-operative management is widely accepted in clinical practice. The care of patients with rectal cancer is multimodal, comprehensive and should be based on consensual recommendations. A uniform approach in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures within the individual departments of the oncology center is a condition for high quality standard care. At the same time, unusual clinical situations and the specific wishes of patients should be taken into account. The listed recommended treatment procedures are a reflection of the efforts to unify patient care with rectal cancer at individual workplaces of the comprehensive oncology center in Brno. Defining general recommendations is not the goal.

• MeSH
• Chemoradiotherapy MeSH
• Clinical Decision-Making MeSH
• Combined Modality Therapy methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Rectal Neoplasms * diagnosis   drug therapy   classification   therapy   MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy * methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

Strategie watch-and-wait (WW) nabízí u vybraných pacientů s distálním adenokarcinomem rekta alternativu k radikální resekci s totální mezorektální excizí (TME) po dosažení kompletní klinické odpovědi (complete clinical response – cCR) na neoadjuvantní terapii. Tento přístup je založen na intenzivním sledování, kdy je multidisciplinární tým, zejména chirurg, konfrontován s náročným follow-up režimem zahrnujícím opakované anorektoskopie, per rectum vyšetření a magnetické rezonance. Problematická je především predikce patologické kompletní odpovědi v případě cCR. Klíčovým faktorem je riziko recidivy (regrowth) u cCR, která se vyskytuje u 26–36 % pacientů zejména během prvních 3 let sledování a zvyšuje riziko vzniku metastáz. Včasná salvage R0 resekce je indikována při detekci regrowth a je proveditelná ve více než 90 % případů. WW nabízí u compliantních pacientů srovnatelné onkologické výsledky a lepší funkční výsledky ve srovnání s TME u pacientů s pCR.

Watch-and-wait (WW) strategy offers an alternative to radical resection with total mesorectal excision (TME) in selected patients with distal rectal adenocarcinoma after achieving complete clinical response (cCR) to neoadjuvant therapy. This approach is based on intensive follow-up, where a multidisciplinary team, especially the surgeon, is confronted with a demanding follow-up regimen including repeated anorectoscopies, per rectum examinations and magnetic resonance imaging. The prediction of pathological complete response in cCR is particularly problematic. The risk of recurrence (regrowth) in cCR is a key factor, which occurs in 26–36% of patients, especially during the first 3 years of follow-up, and increases the risk of metastasis. Early salvage R0 resection is indicated when regrowth is detected and is feasible in more than 90% of cases. WW offers comparable oncologic outcomes in compliant patients and better functional outcomes compared to TME in patients with pCR.

• MeSH
• Clinical Decision-Making MeSH
• Organ Sparing Treatments methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neoplasm Metastasis MeSH
• Rectal Neoplasms * surgery   diagnostic imaging   complications   therapy   MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy methods   MeSH
• Watchful Waiting * methods   MeSH
• Recurrence MeSH
• Risk MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Patient Selection MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To validate the prognostic value of the PAncreatic NeoAdjuvant MAssachusetts (PANAMA) score and to determine its predictive ability for survival benefit derived from adjuvant treatment in patients after resection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX. BACKGROUND: The PANAMA score was developed to guide prognostication in patients after neoadjuvant therapy and resection for PDAC. As this score focuses on the risk for residual disease after resection, it might also be able to select patients who benefit from adjuvant after neoadjuvant therapy. METHODS: This retrospective international multicenter study is endorsed by the European-African Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association. Patients with PDAC who underwent resection after neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX were included. Mantel-Cox regression with interaction analysis was performed to assess the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: Overall, 383 patients after resection of PDAC following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX were included of whom 187 (49%), 137 (36%), and 59 (15%) had a low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk PANAMA-score, respectively. Discrimination in median overall survival (OS) was observed stratified by risk groups (48.5, 27.6, and 22.3 months, log-rank Plow-intermediate = 0.004, log-rank Pintermediate-high = 0.027). Adjuvant therapy was not associated with an OS difference in the low-risk group [hazard ratio (HR): 1.50, 95% CI: 0.92-2.50], whereas improved OS was observed in the intermediate (HR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.34-0.97) and high-risk groups (HR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.94; P interaction = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The PANAMA 3-tier risk groups (low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk, available through pancreascalculator.com) correspond with differential survival in patients with resected PDAC following neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX. The risk groups also differentiate between survival benefits associated with adjuvant treatment, with only the intermediate- and high-risk groups associated with improved OS.

• MeSH
• Chemotherapy, Adjuvant MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal * mortality   therapy   drug therapy   surgery   MeSH
• Fluorouracil therapeutic use   MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Irinotecan therapeutic use   MeSH
• Leucovorin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Survival Rate MeSH
• Pancreatic Neoplasms * mortality   therapy   drug therapy   surgery   MeSH
• Neoadjuvant Therapy MeSH
• Oxaliplatin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Pancreatectomy * MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols * therapeutic use   MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH