An acidic environment and hypoxia within the tumour are hallmarks of cancer that contribute to cell resistance to therapy. Deregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is common in colon cancer. Numerous Akt-targeted therapies are being developed, the activity of Akt-inhibitors is, however, strongly pH-dependent. Combination therapy thus represents an opportunity to increase their efficacy. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the Akt inhibitor perifosine and the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitor ABT-737 was tested in colon cancer HT-29 and HCT-116 cells cultured in monolayer or in the form of spheroids. The efficacy of single drugs and their combination was analysed in different tumour-specific environments including acidosis and hypoxia using a series of viability assays. Changes in protein content and distribution were determined by immunoblotting and a "peeling analysis" of immunohistochemical signals. While the cytotoxicity of single agents was influenced by the tumour-specific microenvironment, perifosine and ABT-737 in combination synergistically induced apoptosis in cells cultured in both 2D and 3D independently on pH and oxygen level. Thus, the combined therapy of perifosine and ABT-737 could be considered as a potential treatment strategy for colon cancer.

• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky farmakologie   MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• fosfatidylinositol-3-kinasy MeSH
• fosforylcholin analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory proteinkinas farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie účinky léků   MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
• nádory tračníku farmakoterapie   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-akt metabolismus   MeSH
• synergismus léků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Hyaluronic acid (HA) coated irinotecan loaded lignin nanoparticles (HDLNPs) were synthesized using ionic interaction method. Optimized nanoparticles were characterized for their active chemotherapeutic targeting potential to CD44 receptors overly-expressed on cancer cells. Blood component interaction studies supported hemocompatible nature of HDLNPs and also demonstrated their sustained plasma residence property. Cell anti-proliferation and mitochondrial depolarization studies on HT-29 cells suggest significantly (p < 0.01) improved chemotherapeutic efficacy of HDLNPs. In vitro cell based studies showed that nanoparticles have retained antioxidant activity of lignin that can prevent cancer relapse. In vivo biodistribution studies in tumor-bearing Balb/c mice confirmed improved drug localization in tumor site for longer duration. Tumor regression and histopathological studies indicated the efficacy ofligand-assisted targeting chemotherapy over the conventional therapy. Hematological and biochemical estimation suggested that irinotecan-associated myelosuppression, liver steatosis and rare kidney failure can be avoided by its encapsulation in HA-coated lignin nanoparticles. HDLNPs were found to be stable over a period of 12 months.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD44 metabolismus   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky chemie   MeSH
• irinotekan farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová chemie   MeSH
• lignin MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádory tračníku farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most deaths causing diseases worldwide. Several risk factors including hormones like insulin and insulin like growth factors (e.g., IGF-1) have been considered responsible for growth and progression of colon cancer. Though there is a huge advancement in the available screening as well as treatment techniques for CRC. There is no significant decrease in the mortality of cancer patients. Moreover, the current treatment approaches for CRC are associated with serious challenges like drug resistance and cancer re-growth. Given the severity of the disease, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents with ideal characteristics. Several pieces of evidence suggested that natural products, specifically medicinal plants, and derived phytochemicals may serve as potential sources for novel drug discovery for various diseases including cancer. On the other hand, cancer cells like colon cancer require a high basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to maintain its own cellular functions. However, excess production of intracellular ROS leads to cancer cell death via disturbing cellular redox homeostasis. Therefore, medicinal plants and derived phytocompounds that can enhance the intracellular ROS and induce apoptotic cell death in cancer cells via modulating various molecular targets including IGF-1 could be potential therapeutic agents. Alkaloids form a major class of such phytoconstituents that can play a key role in cancer prevention. Moreover, several preclinical and clinical studies have also evidenced that these compounds show potent anti-colon cancer effects and exhibit negligible toxicity towards the normal cells. Hence, the present evidence-based study aimed to provide an update on various alkaloids that have been reported to induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells via targeting various cellular components including hormones and growth factors, which play a role in metastasis, angiogenesis, proliferation, and invasion. This study also provides an individual account on each such alkaloid that underwent clinical trials either alone or in combination with other clinical drugs. In addition, various classes of phytochemicals that induce ROS-mediated cell death in different kinds of cancers including colon cancer are discussed.

• MeSH
• alkaloidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hormony terapeutické užití   MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory tračníku farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Three-dimensional cell culture systems are increasingly used for biological and anticancer drug screening as they mimic the structure and microenvironment of tumors more closely than conventional two-dimensional cell models. In this study, the growth kinetics of colon adenocarcinoma-derived spheroids (HT-29 cell line) cultivated in liquid marble micro-bioreactors and nonadherent PDMS-coated well plates was investigated in detail and enabled precise control of the spheroid size by the seed cell density and cultivation time. The therapeutic effect of 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan hydrochloride in 2D monolayer cell culture and 3D tumor spheroids revealed an unexpected twist in their efficacy due to different ability to penetrate through 3D microtissue. For 5-fluorouracil, the inhibitory concentration IC50 after 48 h exposure increased from 11.3 μM for a 2D cell culture to 707.7 μM for a 3D spheroid. In the case of irinotecan, IC50 increased from 24.9 μM to 77.8 μM. Despite its higher molar weight, irinotecan appeared to penetrate the 3D spheroid structure more efficiently than 5-fluorouracil. While 5-fluorouracil mainly caused a suppression of spheroid growth from the outside, irinotecan affected the entire spheroid and caused its originally compact structure to disintegrate. The acquired results highlight the need to screen cancer chemotherapeutics on 3D tumor models, as contrasting results can be obtained compared to standard 2D cell cultures.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom MeSH
• buněčné sféroidy MeSH
• cytostatické látky farmakologie   MeSH
• fluorouracil farmakologie   MeSH
• irinotekan farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
• nádory tračníku farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: We provide an overview of Bayesian estimation, hypothesis testing, and model-averaging and illustrate how they benefit parametric survival analysis. We contrast the Bayesian framework to the currently dominant frequentist approach and highlight advantages, such as seamless incorporation of historical data, continuous monitoring of evidence, and incorporating uncertainty about the true data generating process. METHODS: We illustrate the application of the outlined Bayesian approaches on an example data set, retrospective re-analyzing a colon cancer trial. We assess the performance of Bayesian parametric survival analysis and maximum likelihood survival models with AIC/BIC model selection in fixed-n and sequential designs with a simulation study. RESULTS: In the retrospective re-analysis of the example data set, the Bayesian framework provided evidence for the absence of a positive treatment effect of adding Cetuximab to FOLFOX6 regimen on disease-free survival in patients with resected stage III colon cancer. Furthermore, the Bayesian sequential analysis would have terminated the trial 10.3 months earlier than the standard frequentist analysis. In a simulation study with sequential designs, the Bayesian framework on average reached a decision in almost half the time required by the frequentist counterparts, while maintaining the same power, and an appropriate false-positive rate. Under model misspecification, the Bayesian framework resulted in higher false-negative rate compared to the frequentist counterparts, which resulted in a higher proportion of undecided trials. In fixed-n designs, the Bayesian framework showed slightly higher power, slightly elevated error rates, and lower bias and RMSE when estimating treatment effects in small samples. We found no noticeable differences for survival predictions. We have made the analytic approach readily available to other researchers in the RoBSA R package. CONCLUSIONS: The outlined Bayesian framework provides several benefits when applied to parametric survival analyses. It uses data more efficiently, is capable of considerably shortening the length of clinical trials, and provides a richer set of inferences.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory tračníku farmakoterapie   MeSH
• přežití po terapii bez příznaků nemoci MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• diagnostické techniky gastrointestinální klasifikace   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• gastrointestinální endoskopie klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory chirurgie   diagnóza   epidemiologie   klasifikace   patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory rekta terapie   MeSH
• nádory tračníku chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   terapie   MeSH
• screeningové diagnostické programy MeSH
• staging nádorů klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• terciární prevence klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Drug resistance, acquired as a result of clonal evolution and selection, is a limiting factor of the efficacy of chemotherapy. Genomic alterations in solid cancers can be characterized by deep sequencing of cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) released into plasma from cancer cells, representing a non-invasive approach to monitor patients reaction to therapy. In this project, we will track genomic evolution of cancer in relation to the specific therapy by a whole exome sequencing of cfDNA isolated from advanced colon cancer patients. The main aim is to identify mutations in all DNA repair genes associated with chemoresistance. We will compare obtained outcomes in pre- and post-treatment plasma samples in good and non-responders to chemotherapy. The presence of mutations will by independently validated on a larger set of patients. Identified mutations associated with treatment response will be comprehensively tested for their functionality and impact on migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. The significance of the project lays on improvement of the therapy efficacy in colon cancer patien...

Rezistence na leky, vznikající v důsledku evoluce a selekce klonu nádorových buněk, je limitujícím faktorem pro účinnost protinádorové terapie. Z cirkulující nádorové ctDNA vyskytující se v plasmě lze metodou sekvenace zjišťovat genomické změny u solidních nádorů. Takovýto přístup umožňuje neinvazivní vyšetření pacienta. V předkládaném projektu budeme pomoci exomové sekvenace ctDNA sledovat genomickou evoluci buněk nádorů tračníka ve vztahu k léčbě. Hlavním záměrem je identifikovat mutace spjaté s rezistencí vůči chemoterapeutikům v genech DNA opravy. Porovnáme výsledky získané z párových vzorků plasmy odebraných před a po léčbě u pacientu se špatnou nebo dobrou odpovědí na chemoterapii. Nalezené mutace budou následně ověřeny na větším souboru pacientu. Mutace asociované s odpovědi na léčbu budou dále komplexně zkoumány z hlediska jejich vztahu a účinku na migraci, apoptózu a proliferaci nádorových buněk. Nejvýznamnějším přínosem projektu je možnost zlepšení účinnosti terapie u pacientů s nádory tračníka.

• MeSH
• chemorezistence genetika   MeSH
• genomika metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádorové biomarkery MeSH
• nádory tračníku diagnóza   farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• oprava DNA genetika   účinky léků   MeSH
• sekvenování exomu metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• onkologie
• genetika, lékařská genetika
• gastroenterologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

• Klíčová slova
• tipiracil, inoperabilní nález,
• MeSH
• antitumorózní látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metastázy nádorů diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nádory jater chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory tračníku farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• PET/CT MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• trifluridin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• adjuvantní chemoterapie metody   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   epidemiologie   etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfom diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• metastázy nádorů diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nádory ledvin chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• nádory plic diagnostické zobrazování   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory tračníku chirurgie   diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of Immunoscore in patients with stage III colon cancer (CC) and to analyze its association with the effect of chemotherapy on time to recurrence (TTR). METHODS: An international study led by the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer evaluated the predefined consensus Immunoscore in 763 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International Cancer Control TNM stage III CC from cohort 1 (Canada/United States) and cohort 2 (Europe/Asia). CD3+ and cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocyte densities were quantified in the tumor and invasive margin by digital pathology. The primary end point was TTR. Secondary end points were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), prognosis in microsatellite stable (MSS) status, and predictive value of efficacy of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Patients with a high Immunoscore presented with the lowest risk of recurrence, in both cohorts. Recurrence-free rates at 3 years were 56.9% (95% CI, 50.3% to 64.4%), 65.9% (95% CI, 60.8% to 71.4%), and 76.4% (95% CI, 69.3% to 84.3%) in patients with low, intermediate, and high immunoscores, respectively (hazard ratio [HR; high v low], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.71; P = .0003). Patients with high Immunoscore showed significant association with prolonged TTR, OS, and DFS (all P < .001). In Cox multivariable analysis stratified by participating center, Immunoscore association with TTR was independent (HR [high v low], 0.41; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.67; P = .0003) of patient's sex, T stage, N stage, sidedness, and microsatellite instability status. Significant association of a high Immunoscore with prolonged TTR was also found among MSS patients (HR [high v low], 0.36; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.62; P = .0003). Immunoscore had the strongest contribution χ2 proportion for influencing survival (TTR and OS). Chemotherapy was significantly associated with survival in the high-Immunoscore group for both low-risk (HR [chemotherapy v no chemotherapy], 0.42; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.71; P = .0011) and high-risk (HR [chemotherapy v no chemotherapy], 0.5; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.77; P = .0015) patients, in contrast to the low-Immunoscore group (P > .12). CONCLUSION: This study shows that a high Immunoscore significantly associated with prolonged survival in stage III CC. Our findings suggest that patients with a high Immunoscore will benefit the most from chemotherapy in terms of recurrence risk.

• MeSH
• adjuvantní chemoterapie MeSH
• antigeny CD3 metabolismus   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru imunologie   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní nestabilita MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádory tračníku farmakoterapie   genetika   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• počet lymfocytů MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• přežití po terapii bez příznaků nemoci MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH