The aim was to investigate the association of parental education at birth with cognitive ability in childhood and young adulthood and determine, whether functional connectivity of the salience network underlies this association. We studied participants of the Czech arm of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood who underwent assessment of their cognitive ability at age 8 (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and 28/29 years (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) and measurement with resting state functional MRI at age 23/24. We estimated the associations of parental education with cognitive ability and functional connectivity between the seeds in the salience network and other voxels in the brain. We found that lower education of both mothers and fathers was associated with lower verbal IQ, performance IQ and full-scale IQ of the offspring at age 8. Only mother ́s education was associated with performance IQ at age 28/29. Lower mother ́s education correlated with greater functional connectivity between the right rostral prefrontal cortex and a cluster of voxels in the occipital cortex, which, in turn, was associated with lower performance IQ at age 28/29. We conclude that the impact of parental education, particularly father ́s, on offspring ́s cognitive ability weakens during the lifecourse. Functional connectivity between the right rostral prefrontal cortex and occipital cortex may be a biomarker underlying the transmission of mother ́s education on performance IQ of their offspring.

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Intelligence Tests MeSH
• Cognition * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Parents * MeSH
• Educational Status MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Infant, Newborn MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Early life stages are vulnerable to environmental hazards and present important windows of opportunity for lifelong disease prevention. This makes early life a relevant starting point for exposome studies. The Advancing Tools for Human Early Lifecourse Exposome Research and Translation (ATHLETE) project aims to develop a toolbox of exposome tools and a Europe-wide exposome cohort that will be used to systematically quantify the effects of a wide range of community- and individual-level environmental risk factors on mental, cardiometabolic, and respiratory health outcomes and associated biological pathways, longitudinally from early pregnancy through to adolescence. Exposome tool and data development include as follows: (1) a findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) data infrastructure for early life exposome cohort data, including 16 prospective birth cohorts in 11 European countries; (2) targeted and nontargeted approaches to measure a wide range of environmental exposures (urban, chemical, physical, behavioral, social); (3) advanced statistical and toxicological strategies to analyze complex multidimensional exposome data; (4) estimation of associations between the exposome and early organ development, health trajectories, and biological (metagenomic, metabolomic, epigenetic, aging, and stress) pathways; (5) intervention strategies to improve early life urban and chemical exposomes, co-produced with local communities; and (6) child health impacts and associated costs related to the exposome. Data, tools, and results will be assembled in an openly accessible toolbox, which will provide great opportunities for researchers, policymakers, and other stakeholders, beyond the duration of the project. ATHLETE's results will help to better understand and prevent health damage from environmental exposures and their mixtures from the earliest parts of the life course onward.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

BACKGROUND: Pulse pressure (PP) reflects the age-related stiffening of the central arteries, but no study addressed the management of the PP-related risk over the human lifespan. METHODS: In 4,663 young (18-49 years) and 7,185 older adults (≥50 years), brachial PP was recorded over 24 hours. Total mortality and all major cardiovascular events (MACEs) combined were coprimary endpoints. Cardiovascular death, coronary events, and stroke were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: In young adults (median follow-up, 14.1 years; mean PP, 45.1 mm Hg), greater PP was not associated with absolute risk; the endpoint rates were ≤2.01 per 1,000 person-years. The adjusted hazard ratios expressed per 10-mm Hg PP increments were less than unity (P ≤ 0.027) for MACE (0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.96) and cardiovascular death (0.33; 95% CI, 0.11-0.75). In older adults (median follow-up, 13.1 years; mean PP, 52.7 mm Hg), the endpoint rates, expressing absolute risk, ranged from 22.5 to 45.4 per 1,000 person-years and the adjusted hazard ratios, reflecting relative risk, from 1.09 to 1.54 (P < 0.0001). The PP-related relative risks of death, MACE, and stroke decreased >3-fold from age 55 to 75 years, whereas absolute risk rose by a factor 3. CONCLUSIONS: From 50 years onwards, the PP-related relative risk decreases, whereas absolute risk increases. From a lifecourse perspective, young adulthood provides a window of opportunity to manage risk factors and prevent target organ damage as forerunner of premature death and MACE. In older adults, treatment should address absolute risk, thereby extending life in years and quality.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Hypertension * prevention & control   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Risk MeSH
• Heart Disease Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Participant-level meta-analyses assessed the age-specific relevance of office blood pressure to cardiovascular complications, but this information is lacking for out-of-office blood pressure. At baseline, daytime ambulatory (n=12 624) or home (n=5297) blood pressure were measured in 17 921 participants (51.3% women; mean age, 54.2 years) from 17 population cohorts. Subsequently, mortality and cardiovascular events were recorded. Using multivariable Cox regression, floating absolute risk was computed across 4 age bands (≤60, 61-70, 71-80, and >80 years). Over 236 491 person-years, 3855 people died and 2942 cardiovascular events occurred. From levels as low as 110/65 mm Hg, risk log-linearly increased with higher out-of-office systolic/diastolic blood pressure. From the youngest to the oldest age group, rates expressed per 1000 person-years increased (P<0.001) from 4.4 (95% CI, 4.0-4.7) to 86.3 (76.1-96.5) for all-cause mortality and from 4.1 (3.9-4.6) to 59.8 (51.0-68.7) for cardiovascular events, whereas hazard ratios per 20-mm Hg increment in systolic out-of-office blood pressure decreased (P≤0.0033) from 1.42 (1.19-1.69) to 1.09 (1.05-1.12) and from 1.70 (1.51-1.92) to 1.12 (1.07-1.17), respectively. These age-related trends were similar for out-of-office diastolic pressure and were generally consistent in both sexes and across ethnicities. In conclusion, adverse outcomes were directly associated with out-of-office blood pressure in adults. At young age, the absolute risk associated with out-of-office blood pressure was low, but relative risk high, whereas with advancing age relative risk decreased and absolute risk increased. These observations highlight the need of a lifecourse approach for the management of hypertension.

• MeSH
• Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Hypertension diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• Internationality MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• Cohort Studies MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Blood Pressure Determination methods   MeSH
• Multivariate Analysis MeSH
• Office Visits trends   MeSH
• Proportional Hazards Models MeSH
• Self-Management statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sex Factors MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Health Status MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

V súčasnosti vo väčšine európskych krajín prebieha implementácia inkluzívnych politík aktívneho starnutia. Štúdia preskúmava interpersonálne zdieľané významy procesu starnutia, ktorých nositeľkami je špecifická sociálna skupina starších žien. Členky tejto skupiny sú súčasťou občianskeho združenia, ktoré vzniklo s cieľom podporovať ženy po päťdesiatke v osobnostnom vývine a aktívnom prístupe k životu a spoločnosti. Cieľom tejto štúdie je objasniť procesy utvárania a šírenia sociálnych reprezentácií starnutia žien. Teoreticky práca vychádza zo sociálneho konštrukcionizmu, celoživotnej vývinovej psychológie a teórie životnej dráhy. Ako senzitivizujúci koncept pre poznávanie týchto významov bol využívaný štrukturálny a dialogický prístup teórie sociálnych reprezentácií. Výskumným cieľom bolo pomocou analýzy voľných asociácií a analýzy pološtrukturovaných rozhovorov zachytiť zdieľané presvedčenia, hodnoty a skúsenosti, ktoré prisudzujú ženy z vybranej sociálnej skupiny tomuto procesu. Analýza dát bola realizovaná prostredníctvom tematickej analýzy voľných asociácií a konštrukcionistického prístupu k metóde zakotvenej teórie pri analýze individuálnych rozhovorov. Analýzy poukázaly na to, že ženy z tejto sociálnej skupiny utvárajú a šíria alternatívne sociálne reprezentácie starnutia v porovnaní s reprezentáciami starnutia ako biologického úpadku a deteriorizácie. Avšak napriek podobnému obsahu, tieto sociálne reprezentácie sa líšia tiež od reprezentácií aktívneho starnutia, a to prinajmenšom v dvoch ohľadoch: proces starnutia znamená pre tieto ženy dobrovoľnú voľbu z rôznych iných možností a spôsobov starnutia a nevyhnutnou súčasťou ich sociálnych reprezentácií starnutia je ľudská konečnosť.

Nowadays, many European countries have implemented inclusive policy of active ageing. The study explores interpersonally shared meanings of ageing process that are carried by the specific social group of older women, members of nongovernmental organization that encourages the personal development of women after the age of fifty and their active approach towards life and society. The aim of this study is to explore the ways of creating and disseminating meanings of women ageing. The study is rooted in social constructionism and builds on lifespan and lifecourse perspectives. The dialogical and structural approach of the theory of social representations is applied to increase sensitivity in exploration of these meanings. The research aim was to capture shared beliefs, values and experiences that these women attach to ageing process by using methods of free associations analysis and semi-structured individual interviews. Data analysis was performed by means of thematic analysis of free associations, and by constructionists approach to grounded theory analyzing the individual interviews. The analysis showed that women from this group create and disseminate alternative forms of social representations of ageing compared to representations of ageing as biological decline and deterioration. However, despite the similar content, these social representations of ageing differ – at least in two aspects – also from the representations of active ageing: these social representations of ageing are voluntarily chosen option from the variety of other ways how to age, and the finality of life forms necessary part of such representations of ageing.

• Keywords
• aktivní stárnutí, třetí věk,
• MeSH
• Empirical Research MeSH
• Interpersonal Relations MeSH
• Quality of Life * psychology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Independent Living MeSH
• Self Concept MeSH
• Aging * psychology   MeSH
• Leisure Activities MeSH
• Women psychology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Violence prevention & control   MeSH
• National Health Programs MeSH
• Public Health MeSH
• Health Policy MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• veřejné zdravotnictví