Multi-modal analysis
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The size distribution of vesicles exocytosed from secretory cells displays quantal nature, vesicle volume is periodic multi-modal, suggesting that these heterogeneous vesicles are aggregate sums of a variable number of homogeneous basic granules. Whether heterogeneity is a lumping-together artifact of the measurement or an inherent intra-cell feature of the vesicles is an unresolved question. Recent empirical evidence will be provided for the quantal nature of intra-cell vesicle volume, supporting the controversial paradigm of homotypic fusion: basic cytoplasmic granules fuse with each other to create heterogeneously sized vesicles. An EM-algorithm-based method is presented for the conversion of multi-modal to quantal data that provides as by-product estimates of means and variances of basic granule packaging.
- MeSH
- biologie buňky statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- cytoplazmatická granula chemie metabolismus MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- sekreční vezikuly chemie metabolismus MeSH
- synaptické vezikuly chemie metabolismus MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: This study presents a novel molecular parameter potentially co-defining tumor biology-the total tumor suppressor gene (TSG) count at chromosomal loci harboring genes rearranged in fusion-defined tumors. It belongs to the family of molecular parameters created using a black-box approach. METHOD: It is based on a public curated Texas TSG database. Its data are regrouped based on individual genes loci using another public database (Genecards). The total TSG count for NTRK (NTRK1; OMIM: 191315; NTRK2; OMIM: 600456; NTRK3; OMIM: 191316), NRG1 (OMIM: 142445), and RET (OMIM: 164761) rearranged tumors in patients treated with a theranostic approach is calculated using the results of recently published studies. RESULTS: Altogether 138 loci containing at least three TSGs are identified. These include 21 "extremely hot" spots, with 10 to 28 TSGs mapping to a given locus. However, the study falls short of finding a correlation between tumor regression or patient survival and the TSG count owing to a low number of cases meeting the study criteria. CONCLUSION: The total TSG count alone cannot predict the biology of translocation-defined tumors. The addition of other parameters, including microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD), and copy number heterogeneity (CNH), might be helpful. Thus a multi-modal data integration is advocated. We believe that large scale studies should evaluate the significance and value of the total TSG count.
Machine learning has been proven to provide good performances on stress detection tasks using multi-modal sensor data from a smartwatch. Generally, machine learning techniques need a sufficient amount of data to train a robust model. Thus, we need to collect data from several users and send them to a central server to feed the algorithm. However, the uploaded data may contain sensitive information that can jeopardize the user's privacy. Federated learning can tackle this challenge by enabling the model to be trained using data from all users without the user's data leaving the user's device. In this study, we implement federated learning-based stress detection and provide a comparative analysis between individual, centralized, and federated learning. The experiment was conducted on WESAD dataset by using Logistic Regression as the classifier. The experiment results show that in terms of accuracy, federated learning cannot reach the performance level of both individual and centralized learning. The individual learning strategy performs best with an average accuracy of 0.9998 and an average F1-measure of 0.9996.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Gliomas are the most common central nervous tumors in children and adolescents. However, spinal cord low-grade gliomas (sLGGs) are rare, with scarce information on tumor genomics and epigenomics. To define the molecular landscape of sLGGs, we integrated clinical data, histology, and multi-level genetic and epigenetic analyses on a consecutive cohort of 26 pediatric patients. Driver molecular alteration was found in 92% of patients (24/26). A novel variant of KIAA1549:BRAF fusion (ex10:ex9) was identified using RNA-seq in four cases. Importantly, only one-third of oncogenic drivers could be revealed using standard diagnostic methods, and two-thirds of pediatric patients with sLGGs required extensive molecular examination. The majority (23/24) of detected alterations were potentially druggable targets. Four patients in our cohort received targeted therapy with MEK or NTRK inhibitors. Three of those exhibited clinical improvement (two with trametinib, one with larotrectinib), and two patients achieved partial response. Methylation profiling was implemented to further refine the diagnosis and revealed intertumoral heterogeneity in sLGGs. Although 55% of tumors clustered with pilocytic astrocytoma, other rare entities were identified in this patient population. In particular, diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumors (n = 3) and high-grade astrocytoma with piloid features (n = 1) and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (n = 1) were present. A proportion of tumors (14%) had no match with the current version of the classifier. Complex molecular genetic sLGGs characterization was invaluable to refine diagnosis, which has proven to be essential in such a rare tumor entity. Moreover, identifying a high proportion of drugable targets in sLGGs opened an opportunity for new treatment modalities.
- MeSH
- astrocytom * genetika MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- genomika MeSH
- gliom * genetika patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitogenem aktivované proteinkinasy kinas MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nádory míchy * genetika MeSH
- nádory mozku * genetika MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny B-raf genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Endovascular techniques are still expanding in their capability by introducing novel technologies. Nevertheless, anterior communicating artery (ACoA) remains the region with high propensity for aneurysm (AN) re-growth after endovascular intervention. The purpose of this study is to highlight the ongoing importance for microsurgical treatment. The authors conducted a single-institution retrospective study of ACoA AN treatment between January 2000 and December 2016 maintaining "coil mainly" policy. The results are supplied with a systematic review of the literature. A total of n = 398 ACoA ANs were treated in n = 398 consecutive patients (207 females, 191 males). Microsurgical treatment was performed for 79 AN patients (54 ruptured, 25 unruptured), and 319 AN patients (250 ruptured, 69 unruptured) underwent coiling procedure. Treatment-related morbidity and mortality (MM) for unruptured ANs was 0% in the microsurgical and 1.5% in the endovascular group (p = 1.000). The percentage of patients with none or minor permanent deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage was 74% in the microsurgical and 70% in the endovascular group (p = 0.693). The re-treatment rate was 3.8% in microsurgical group and 9.2% in endovascular group (p = 0.883). A literature review identified 39 studies concerning ACoA AN treatment. Clinical results of both modalities were comparable, with microsurgery being superior regarding radiological outcomes. This study demonstrates that both treatment techniques bring comparable clinical benefit to the patient. Microsurgery seemed superior regarding radiological outcomes. The decision about the treatment strategy should be made by a multi-disciplinary team consisting of specialists from both teams, bearing in mind the higher occlusion rate and longevity of the surgical treatment.
- MeSH
- arteria cerebri anterior chirurgie MeSH
- cévní protézy * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endovaskulární výkony metody MeSH
- implantace prsní náhrady metody MeSH
- intrakraniální aneurysma chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony metody MeSH
- reoperace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- revaskularizace mozku MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) with the concomitant excision of the distal ureter and bladder cuff is the current standard of care for the treatment of muscle invasive and/or high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). In small uncontrolled studies, laparoscopic RNU has been suggested to be associated with better perioperative outcomes compared to open RNU. The aim of our study was to compare the perioperative oncological and functional outcomes of open RNU versus laparoscopic RNU after adjusting for preoperative baseline patient-related characteristics. METHODS: We evaluated a multi-institutional retrospective database composed by 1512 patients diagnosed with UTUC and treated with open or laparoscopic RNU between 1990 and 2016. Perioperative outcomes included operative time, blood loss, and length of hospital stay, as well as postoperative complications, readmission, reoperation, and mortality rates at 30 and 90 days from surgery. A 1:1 propensity score matching estimated using logistic regression with the teffects psmatch function of STATA 13® (caliper 0.2, no replacement; StataCorp LLC; College Station, TX, USA) was performed using preoperative parameters such as: age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Score. RESULTS: Overall, 1007 (66.6%) patients were treated with open and 505 (33.4%) with laparoscopic RNU. Open RNU resulted into shorter median operative time (180 vs. 230 min, P<0.001) and longer median hospital stay (10 vs. 7 days, P<0.001) in comparison to laparoscopic RNU. No statistically significant difference was identified for the other variables of interest (all P>0.05). At multivariable linear regression after propensity score matching adjusted for lymph node dissection and year of surgery, laparoscopic RNU resulted in longer operative time (coefficient 43.6, 95% CI 27.9-59.3, P<0.001) and shorter hospital stay (coefficient -1.27, 95% CI -2.1 to -0.3, P=0.01) compared to open RNU, but the risk of other perioperative complications remained similar between the two treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic RNU is associated with shorter hospital stay, but longer operative time in comparison to open RNU. Otherwise, there were no differences in other perioperative outcomes between these surgical modalities even after propensity score matching. The choice to offer laparoscopic or open RNU in the treatment of UTUC should not be based on concerns of different safety outcomes.
The paper is concerned with a comparative analysis of the immediate and short-term results of chemo- and radiotherapy of 174 patients with well differentiated inoperable lung cancer. The data were presented by the participants of the CMEA cooperative trial (the Hungarian People's Republic, the USSR and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic over the period of 1976-1980). In the course of a randomized study radiotherapy (at a summary dose of 60 Gy) was given to 98 patients, chemotherapy to 76 (methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil). Comparative analysis has shown that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy tends to improve an immediate therapeutic effect. In well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, a marked positive effect was obtained in 48.6% of the patients as compared to 31.2% in radiotherapy alone. However, judging by the survival rates such differences in favor of chemotherapy were not revealed. After conservative treatment (radio- and chemotherapy) of patients with differentiated lung cancer in the inoperable stage 55.7% survived for 1, 17.27% for 5, 8.55% for 3 yrs. Direct correlation between the immediate effect of radio- and chemotherapy and the survival of the patients was revealed. Of 67 patients with a marked immediate effect 49 (73.1%) lived over 1 year, 8 out of 9 patients lived for 3 yrs.
- MeSH
- adenokarcinom farmakoterapie mortalita radioterapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fluoruracil aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- karcinom farmakoterapie mortalita radioterapie MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
- kombinovaná terapie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methotrexát aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- multiinstitucionální systémy MeSH
- nádory plic farmakoterapie mortalita radioterapie MeSH
- náhodné rozdělení MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom farmakoterapie mortalita radioterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Maďarsko MeSH
- SSSR MeSH
... Analysis of physicians’ ways of reading the medical record. ... ... Neural-network-based segmentation of multi-modal medical images: a comparative and prospective study. ...
vi, 516 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 28 cm
- MeSH
- chorobopisy - počítačové systémy MeSH
- management znalostí MeSH
- metody pro podporu rozhodování MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
- řízení zdravotnictví MeSH
- studium lékařství MeSH
- zdravotnická komunikace MeSH
- zdravotnické informační systémy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- sborníky MeSH
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- lékařská informatika
- NLK Publikační typ
- ročenky
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Due to different biological characteristics of non-colorectal liver metastasizes (NCLM), surgical treatment, especially it´s long term results, is a topic of discussion. The aim of the study was to evaluate the single center experience with surgical treatment of NCLM. METHODOLOGY: Seventy two patients were prospectively included. The average length of time after the primary surgery was 3.9 years (0-8.5 years). RFA prevailed -50 patients (69.4%), resection presenting 30.6%. Preoperative chemotherapeutical downstaging or portal vein embolization was performed on 12 patients (16.7%). Resectable or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatable extrahepatic metastasizes were removed in 26 patients (36.1%). RESULTS: One, three and five years patient survival after the liver resection or RFA was 88.6, 72.5 and 36.9%. The best survival rate was in patients with carcinoid (5 years-100%), breast cancer (5 years-33.8%), renal carcinoma (3 years-44.4% ) and gynecological tumors metastasizes (2 years-72.9%). With regards to long-term survival of patients, we did not find any statistically significant difference between RFA and resection. Patients with extrahepatic metastasizes had worse prognosis (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Liver resection and RFA in NCLM have an unambiguous place in multi-modal curative strategy. The decision for surgical treatment of patients suffering from NCLM, is strictly individual with the aim of achieving qualitative long-term survival.
- MeSH
- adjuvantní chemoterapie MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hepatektomie škodlivé účinky mortalita MeSH
- katetrizační ablace škodlivé účinky mortalita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metastázektomie škodlivé účinky mortalita MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádory jater mortalita sekundární chirurgie MeSH
- neoadjuvantní terapie MeSH
- přežívající statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- terapeutická embolizace MeSH
- výběr pacientů MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
