Pepper Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The increasing development of different nanomaterials, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and their practical use in agriculture and biotechnology has created a strong need for elucidations of biological effects and risk assessments of AgNPs in plants. This study was aimed to investigate AgNPs effects on metal uptake and their biodistribution in pepper plants as well as on morphological parameters and hormonal responses of the isoprenoid cytokinin (CK) family. In addition, the comparison of effects silver form, nanoparticles vs. ionic, has also been examined. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study describing CK responses in plants exposed to metallic NPs. The obtained results indicate that both AgNPs and Ag(+) ions significantly increased total content of Ag(+) in pepper tissues in a dose-dependent manner and affected on plant development by decreasing both plant height and biomass in a similar way. This study evidenced for the first time the role of CKs in abiotic stress in plants caused by AgNPs. The hormonal analysis, conducted by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry, revealed a significant increase in total CKs in the leaves and also highlighted the importance of cis-zeatin type CKs in plants treated with AgNPs. Our observations suggest potential risks of AgNPs on plant ecosystems upon their release into the environment.
The time course response of selected phytohormones has been evaluated in sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) submitted to a high density (200 aphids/plant) of aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation. Abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and jasmonates (JAs), including jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and cis-OPDA have been simultaneously identified and quantitated by UHPLC-MS/MS in pepper leaf tissue harvested at 3, 8 hours post-infestation (hpi), 1, 2, 4 and 7 days post-infestation (dpi). Infested plants showed a reduction in stem length at 7 dpi and in the number of leaves and leaf width from 4 dpi onwards. JA and JA-Ile significantly increased very early (from 3 hpi) while SA only accumulated at 7 dpi. Despite the high density of infestation, the aphid-induced accumulation of JAs was much lower than the burst typically induced by chewing herbivores. On the other side, ABA peaked in aphid-infested plants at 2 and 4 dpi, while IAA content did not change significantly at any time point. Growth inhibition may be partially explained by the high levels of JAs found in aphid-infested plants. The possibility that the obtained results support the hypothesis of the aphid manipulation of plant metabolism is discussed.
- MeSH
- Capsicum * MeSH
- listy rostlin MeSH
- mšice * MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Chili has culinary as well as medical importance. Studies in humans, using a wide range of doses of chili intake (varying from a single meal to a continuous uptake for up to 12 weeks), concluded that it facilitates weight loss. In regard to this, the main targets of chili are fat metabolism, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis. To induce weight loss, the active substance of chili, capsaicin, activates Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel sub-family V member 1 (TRPV1) channels) receptors causing an increase in intracellular calcium levels and triggering the sympathetic nervous system. Apart from TRPV1, chili directly reduces energy expenditure by activating Brown Adipose Tissue. Weight loss by chili is also the result of an improved control of insulin, which supports weight management and has positive effects for treatment for diseases like obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. This review summarizes the major pathways by which chili contributes to ameliorating parameters that help weight management and how the consumption of chili can help in accelerating weight loss through dietary modifications.
- MeSH
- Capsicum chemie MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek účinky léků MeSH
- kapsaicin chemie farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This study examined the temporal changes in the leaf content of defence-involved phytohormones in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants responding to the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae Sulzer) infestation, at both local and systemic level. Aphid infestation did not alter the content of cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, the jasmonic acid (JA) precursor, even though endogenous levels of JA and its bioactive isoleucine-conjugated form (JA-Ile) significantly increased from 8 to 96 h in local infested leaves. Systemic effects in jasmonates were only showed at 48 h for JA, and 8 and 48 h in the case of JA-Ile. SA accumulated only in local infested leaves after 96 h of infestation, when the level of JA-Ile decreased in these leaves. This suggests a possible antagonistic interaction between JA and SA pathways, although other pathways may be also involved. Endogenous level of indole-3-acetic acid was higher in systemic relative to local infested leaves at 3 and 24 h, although no significant changes in its content were found compared to control leaves. Abscisic acid content was lower in local infested relative to control leaves at 24 h, but was higher at 48 h when it also increased systemically. The possible roles of the studied phytohormones in plant defence responses against aphids are discussed.
- MeSH
- Capsicum metabolismus parazitologie MeSH
- cyklopentany metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina abscisová metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin parazitologie fyziologie MeSH
- mšice * MeSH
- oxylipiny metabolismus MeSH
- regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
263 s.
- Konspekt
- Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
- NLK Obory
- lékařství
- knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie
Brazilian pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) from the Anacardiaceae family is native to Central and South America. In folk medicine, S. terebinthifolius has been used as a remedy for ulcers, respiratory problems, wounds, rheumatism, gout, diarrhea, skin ailments and arthritis, as well as to treat tumors and leprosy. The Brazilian pepper tree has various biological properties and it is a source of many bioactive compounds. Several classes of compounds can be found in extracts obtained from these plants, such as terpenes and flavonoids. Essential oils obtained by steam distillation or extraction by solvents from berries or leafs is rich in monoterpenes and shows interesting antioxidant activity. It has displayed good-to-very strong in vitro antifungal actions against numerous fungi, as well as Candida. The essential oil and leaves have demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity against numerous bacterial strains.
- MeSH
- antidepresiva MeSH
- antiflogistika MeSH
- antifungální látky MeSH
- antiinfekční látky lokální MeSH
- antiinfekční látky MeSH
- antioxidancia MeSH
- antirevmatika MeSH
- fytoterapie MeSH
- kůra rostlin MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * MeSH
- ledvinovníkovité * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- listy rostlin MeSH
- nadzemní části rostlin MeSH
- oleje prchavé chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- repelenty proti hmyzu MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- tradiční lékařství * MeSH
- zavlečené druhy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
This article analyses the reception of knowledge about new world nature, and, more specifically, the reception of Iberian scientific knowledge of nature in the Americas, in the early modem Czech lands. It shows how the process of the reception of information about nature in the new world differed among the urban classes, intellectuals and the nobility; particular attention is paid to herbals, cosmographical works and travel reports. On the one hand, the study reveals that the efforts of Central European intellectuals to interpret new world nature were limited by the lack of necessary data and experience, which led to some misinterpretations and simplifications. On the other hand, it shows these Central European scholars to be fully-fledged members of an information network, whose works share many of the same characteristics as Iberian and, in general, early modem European science.
- MeSH
- Capsicum dějiny MeSH
- dějiny 16. století MeSH
- dějiny 17. století MeSH
- herbální medicína dějiny MeSH
- lamy * MeSH
- přírodopis dějiny MeSH
- věda dějiny MeSH
- znalosti * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 16. století MeSH
- dějiny 17. století MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- historické články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Amerika MeSH
- Česká republika MeSH
- Portugalsko MeSH
- Rakousko-Uhersko MeSH
- Španělsko MeSH
- Turecko MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Implantation of a personalized external aortic root support (PEARS) can prevent dilatation of the aortic root and ascending aorta in patients with aortopathy of various aetiologies. Because PEARS is an emerging technology, all aspects concerning indications, surgical technique and safety should be elucidated. Our goal was to summarize all of these aspects so that physicians and patients would have sufficient information to evaluate this alternative approach. METHODS: Between April 2004 and March 2020, 317 patients underwent PEARS operations at 25 surgical centres in 9 countries. RESULTS: The most common indication was Marfan syndrome (57%). The single perioperative death represented a mortality of 0.3%. The long-term experience comprises 871 patient/years with 1 patient living for 15 years and 19 patients living for more than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: PEARS seems to be a promising method of treatment of dilatation of the aortic root and/or ascending aorta. Multicentre observational studies are needed to gain more experience because this operation is still uncommon and the number of operations per surgeon/centre is low.
