Takayasu disease belongs to the group of autoimmune vasculitis which most often affects the aorta and its branches. It is rare, and it mainly affects young women. Recent epidemiologic studies suggest that Takayasu arteritis is being increasingly recognized in Europe. The first symptoms are non-specific and an early diagnosis is difficult and requires clinical awareness and suspicion. Patients with Takayasu arteritis often present increased inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, but systemic inflammatory response does not always show a positive correlation with inflammatory activity in the vessel wall. Therefore, imaging studies play a principal role in diagnosis and control of the disease. Glucocorticoids remain the most effective and serve as a cornerstone first line treatment. Immunosuppressive drugs play an important role as well, and biological therapy is increasingly being included in the treatment. This article describes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics and treatment of this rare disease, so as to alert clinicians because disease left untreated can lead to narrowing and even closure of vital blood vessels. The most common Takayasu arteritis complications include pulmonary thrombosis, aortic regurgitation, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular events, vision degeneration or blindness, and hearing problems.

• MeSH
• aortitida epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• azathioprin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• biologická terapie MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• cévní endotel imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• cyklofosfamid aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• endovaskulární výkony MeSH
• glukokortikoidy aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunosupresiva aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• methotrexát aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• patologická angiogeneze epidemiologie   etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• receptory interleukinu-6 antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• Takayasuova arteriitida * diagnóza   epidemiologie   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• tunica intima imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• ustekinumab farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Caffeine (CAF) ingestion improves performance in a broad range of exercise tasks. Nevertheless, the CAF-induced, dose-dependent effect on discipline-specific performance and cognitive functions in CrossFit/High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) has not been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute supplementation of three different doses of CAF and placebo (PLA) on specific performance, reaction time (RTime), postural stability (PStab), heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (RPE). METHODS: In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, acute pre-exercise supplementation with CAF (3, 6, or 9 mg/kg body mass (BM)) and PLA in 26 moderately trained CrossFit practitioners was examined. The study protocol involved five separate testing sessions using the Fight Gone Bad test (FGB) as the exercise performance evaluation and biochemical analyses, HR and RPE monitoring, as well as the assessment of RTime and PStab, with regard to CYP1A2 (rs762551) and ADORA2A (rs5751876) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). RESULTS: Supplementation of 6 mgCAF/kgBM induced clinically noticeable improvements in FGBTotal results, RTime and pre-exercise motor time. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between any CAF doses and PLA in FGBTotal, HRmax, HRmean, RPE, pre/post-exercise RTime, PStab variables or pyruvate concentrations. Lactate concentration was higher (p < 0.05) before and after exercise in all CAF doses than in PLA. There was no effect of CYP1A2 or ADORA2A SNPs on performance. CONCLUSIONS: The dose-dependent effect of CAF supplementation appears to be limited to statistically nonsignificant but clinically considered changes on specific performance, RTime, PStab, RPE or HR. However, regarding practical CAF-induced performance implications in CrossFit/HIFT, 6 mgCAF/kgBM may be supposed as the most rational supplementation strategy.

• MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A2 MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• klinické křížové studie MeSH
• kofein * farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polyestery MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• reakční čas MeSH
• sportovní výkon * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH