Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult (HII) is one of the main devastating causes of morbidity and mortality in newborns. HII induces brain injury which evolves to neurological sequelae later in life. Hypothermia is the only therapeutic approach available capable of diminishing brain impairment after HII. Finding a novel therapeutic method to reduce the severity of brain injury and its consequences is critical in neonatology. The present paper aimed to evaluate the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) pre-treatment on glucose metabolism, neurodegeneration, and functional outcome at the acute, sub-acute, and sub-chronic time intervals in the experimental model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult in rats. To estimate the effect of SFN on brain glucose uptake we have performed 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG) microCT/PET. The activity of FDG was determined in the hippocampus and sensorimotor cortex. Neurodegeneration was assessed by histological analysis of Nissl-stained brain sections. To investigate functional outcomes a battery of behavioral tests was employed. We have shown that although SFN possesses a protective effect on glucose uptake in the ischemic hippocampus 24 h and 1 week after HII, no effect has been observed in the motor cortex. We have further shown that the ischemic hippocampal formation tends to be thinner in HIE and SFN treatment tends to reverse this pattern. We have observed subtle chronic movement deficit after HII detected by ladder rung walking test with no protective effect of SFN. SFN should be thus considered as a potent neuroprotective drug with the capability to interfere with pathophysiological processes triggered by perinatal hypoxic-ischemic insult.

• MeSH
• fluorodeoxyglukosa F18 terapeutické užití   MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• hypoxie komplikace   MeSH
• isothiokyanatany MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• mozková hypoxie a ischemie * diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• poranění mozku * MeSH
• sulfoxidy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of the present study was to compare effect of three low doses of morphine (MOR) and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on social behavior tested in Social interaction test (SIT). 45 min prior to testing adult male rats received one of the drugs or solvents: MOR (1; 2.5; 5 mg/kg); saline as a solvent for MOR; THC (0.5; 1; 2 mg/kg); ethanol as a solvent for THC. Occurrence and time spent in specific patterns of social interactions (SI) and non-social activities (locomotion and rearing) was video-recorded for 5 min and then analyzed. MOR in doses of 1 and 2.5 mg/kg displayed decreased SI in total. Detailed analysis of specific patterns of SI revealed decrease in mutual sniffing and allo-grooming after all doses of MOR. The highest dose (5 mg/kg) of MOR decreased following and increased genital investigation. Rearing activity was increased by lower doses of MOR (1 and 2.5 mg/kg). THC, in each of the tested doses, did not induce any specific changes when compared to matching control group (ethanol). However, an additional statistical analysis showed differences between all THC groups and their ethanol control group when compared to saline controls. There was lower SI in total, lower mutual sniffing and allo-grooming, but higher rearing in THC and ethanol groups than in saline control group. Thus, changes seen in THC and ethanol groups are seemed to be attributed mainly to the effect of the ethanol. Based on the present results we can assume that opioids affect SI more than cannabinoid.

• MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lokomoce účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• morfin farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• tetrahydrokanabinol farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Psychostimulants are known to have a huge impact on different forms of social behaviour. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of three different psychostimulants [amphetamine, cocaine and 3,4 methylenedimethoxyamphetamine (MDMA)] on social interaction (SI) in adult male rats. The SI test was performed in a familiar arena and under low-stress environmental conditions. Experimental animals received amphetamine (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/kg), cocaine (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg) or MDMA (2.5, 5.0, 10 mg/kg) and control animals received saline (1 ml/kg) 45 min before the SI test. Time spent in SI (individual patterns of social behaviour) and nonsocial activities (locomotion and rearing) were video recorded and then analysed offline, with the following results: (a) all doses of amphetamine decreased SI. Specifically, all doses of amphetamine decreased mutual sniffing, and the higher doses also decreased allo-grooming and following behaviours. (b) The higher doses of cocaine decreased SI, especially mutual sniffing, allo-grooming and climbing over. Cocaine at the dose of 5.0 mg/kg increased genital investigation compared with lower doses. (c) All doses of MDMA decreased mutual sniffing and climbing over; the two higher doses decreased allo-grooming behaviour, and only the highest dose decreased following. The two higher doses of amphetamine and all the doses of MDMA increased locomotion and rearing; cocaine did not affect locomotion, but increased rearing at higher doses. In conclusion, the results confirm the well-known finding that psychostimulants suppress SI, but also show novel differences in the effects of psychostimulants on specific patterns of SI.

• MeSH
• amfetamin farmakologie   MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
• kokain farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lokomoce účinky léků   MeSH
• N-methyl-3,4-methylendioxyamfetamin farmakologie   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• stimulanty centrálního nervového systému farmakologie   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The role of brain derived nitric oxide in the physiology and behavior remains disputable. One of the reasons of the controversies might be systemic side effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Therefore, under nNOS inhibition by 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) we carried out recordings of blood gasses, blood pressure and spontaneous EEG in conscious adult rats. Locomotion and spontaneous behavior were assessed in an open field. In addition skilled walking and limb coordination were evaluated using a ladder rung walking test. The blood gas analysis revealed a significant increase in pCO(2) 180 min and 240 min after the application of 7-NI. The power and entropy decreased simultaneously with a shift of the mean frequency of the spontaneous EEG toward slow oscillations after 7-NI treatment. The thresholds of evoked potentials underwent a significant drop and a trend towards a slight increase in the I-O curve slope was observed. 7-NI significantly suppressed open field behavior expressed as distance moved, exploratory rearing and grooming. As for the ladder rung walking test the 7-NI treated animals had more errors in foot placement indicating impairment in limb coordination. Therefore our findings suggest that 7-NI increased cortical excitability and altered some physiological and behavioral parameters.

• MeSH
• analýza krevních plynů MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• indazoly farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů farmakologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak účinky léků   MeSH
• motorické evokované potenciály MeSH
• motorické korové centrum účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• pátrací chování účinky léků   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ I antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Perinatal ischemic stroke is a leading cerebrovascular disorder occurring in infants around the time of birth associated with long term comorbidities including motor, cognitive and behavioral deficits. We sought to determine the impact of perinatal induced stroke on locomotion, behavior and motor function in rats. A photothrombotic model of ischemic stroke was used in rat at postnatal day 7. Presently, we induced two lesions of different extents, to assess the consequences of stroke on motor function, locomotion and possible correlations to morphological changes. Behavioral tests sensitive to sensorimotor changes were used; locomotion expressed as distance moved in the open field was monitored and histological changes were also assessed. Outcomes depicted two kinds of lesions of different shapes and sizes, relative to laser illumination. Motor performance of rats submitted to stroke was poor when compared to controls; a difference in motor performance was also noted between rats with small and large lesions. Correlations were observed between: motor performance and exposition time; volume ratio and exposition time; and in the rotarod between motor performance and volume ratio. Outcomes demonstrate that photothrombotic cerebral ischemic stroke induced in early postnatal period and tested in adulthood, indeed influenced functional performance governed by the affected brain regions.

• MeSH
• červeň bengálská * MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda etiologie   patologie   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• chování zvířat * MeSH
• intrakraniální trombóza etiologie   patologie   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lasery * MeSH
• metoda rotující tyčky MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• mozek patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Psychostimulacia jsou spojována se změnami v chování, hlavně ve smyslu poruch sociální interakce. Cílem této práce bylo zjistit, jak budou ovlivněny drive zjištěné změny sociálního chování po nízkých dávkách metamfetaminu u samců a samic po kastraci a po podání pohlavních hormonů. Použili jsme dospělé samce a samice laboratorního potkana kmene Wistar, kteří byli rozděleni do 12 skupin po 8 párech zvířat na základě aplikace drogy (metamfetamin, fyziologický roztok, kontrola bez aplikace) a na základě pohlavních hormonů (kastrovaní samci a sami: a s aplikací pohlavních hormonů). Test sociálních interakcí byl použit ve variantě velmi citlivé na anxietu. Hodnocenými parametry byly: (A) aktivní sociální interakce (vzájemné očichávání, sledování se, dotýkání se atd.) a (B) nesociální aktivity: lokomoce a panáčkování („rearing"). Naše výsledky ukazují, že metamfetamin snižuje sociální interakce a zvyšuje nesociální aktivity u obou pohlaví. Navíc testosteron podaný samcům po jejich předchozí kastraci neovlivnil ani sociální aktivity ani nesociálni chování. Naproti tomu substituce estrogenem po předchozí ovarektomii snížila sociální aktivity a zvýšila explorační aktivitu bez ohledu na změny vyvolané metamfetaminem.

The effects of psychostimulants are linked to behavioral changes mainly in the term of social interactions. The aim of this stu dy was to exami- ne how would administration of low dose of methamphetamine influence social behavior of adult gonadectomized male and female ra ts with or without replacement of gonadal hormones. Adult Wistar male and female rats were used. Animals were randomly divided into 12 gro ups, 8 pairs of animals each according to the treatment (methamphetamine, saline and control without treatment) and to the sex hormones appl ication (castrated male and female animals with and without hormonal substitution). Behavioral changes were assessed by modified social interaction test which is also sensitive to manifestation of anxiety. The following parameters were evaluated: (A) active social interactio n (mutual sniffing, following, allogrooming etc.) and (B) non-social activity: locomotion and rearing. The results showed that methamphetamine decr eased social interaction and increased non-social activity in both sexes. Moreover, application of testosterone to castrated males did not c hange either social activity or non-social behavior. In contrary, estrogen substitution to ovariectomized females decreased social activity and inc reased exploration regardless of changes induced by methamphetamine.

• Klíčová slova
• anxieta,
• MeSH
• chování MeSH
• estradiol aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kastrace MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lokomoce účinky léků   MeSH
• methamfetamin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• sociální chování MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• testosteron aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• úzkost MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

The purpose of our study was to determine whether a single administration of anticonvulsant doses of two ligands of benzodiazepine receptors, clonazepam and Ro 19-8022, leads to development of rebound phenomena in immature 12-day-old rats. Three tests were used: pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures, isolation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations, and motor performance. Susceptibility to the convulsant effects of PTZ decreased 24 hours, but increased 48 hours, after clonazepam administration. Ultrasonic vocalizations were completely suppressed 30 minutes and 3 hours after clonazepam; a moderate inhibitory effect persisted even at 48 hours. Motor abilities were slightly compromised up to 3 hours. Similar effects of Ro 19-8022 on PTZ-induced seizures and ultrasonic vocalizations were observed 24 and 48 hours after administration; motor performance was not affected. Rebound proconvulsant effects followed different time courses after administration of the two benzodiazepine receptor ligands in developing animals. Anxiolytic-like effects of these drugs were still present at the time when animals exhibited rebound proconvulsant effects.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• chinoliziny farmakologie   MeSH
• GABA modulátory farmakologie   MeSH
• klonazepam farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci chemicky indukované   MeSH
• novorozená zvířata MeSH
• pentylentetrazol MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• pyrrolidiny farmakologie   MeSH
• receptory GABA-A metabolismus   MeSH
• vokalizace zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• záchvaty chemicky indukované   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Our previous study showed that single injection of methamphetamine decreases social interaction (SI) in a dose-dependent manner that was further affected by stressful environment conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of methamphetamine and its interaction with gonadal hormones on SI. Adult male and female rats were gonadectomized and assigned to testosterone-treated and oil-treated groups in male rats and estradiol-treated and oil-treated groups in female rats, respectively. Hormones were administered 30 min before each habituation in the open field. All four hormonal groups were further divided to control (without injection), saline (1 ml/kg saline injection), and methamphetamine (1 mg/kg) groups. Injections were applied 30 min before the SI test. The total duration and the total number of SI and nonsocial behavioral patterns were assessed. This study showed that an acute methamphetamine administration in a dose of 1 mg/kg decreased different types of SI in both sexes. In contrast, the same dose of methamphetamine increased locomotion and rearing behavior in male and female rats. The frequency and/or duration of SI (especially mutual sniffing and allogrooming) was lower in adult female rats relative to gonadectomized male rats, but locomotion was increased in female relative to male rats regardless of the presence or absence of gonadal hormones. In conclusion, this study is novel especially because it examines SI in both sexes in relation to the presence or absence of gonadal hormones.

• MeSH
• chování zvířat MeSH
• estradiol metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• gonády chirurgie   MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lékové interakce MeSH
• lokomoce MeSH
• methamfetamin farmakologie   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• pohlavní hormony metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• preklinické hodnocení léčiv MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stimulanty centrálního nervového systému farmakologie   MeSH
• testosteron metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH