Q106983658
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Jelikož je bolest subjektivním pocitem, je těžké najít vhodný měřicí nástroj. V dětské populaci může být tento fakt navíc umocněn nedostatečnou verbální komunikací. Bolest může být hodnocena dle vlastních zkušeností (self report), behaviorální reakce, reakce těla na bolest či kombinací výše zmíněných (multidimenzionální hodnocení bolesti). V České republice se nejčastěji využívají Vizuální analogová škála (VAS), „obličej“, „nohy“, „aktivita“ „pláč“, „uklidnění“ (FLACC) a Obličejová škála (FPS‑R). Zatímco v cizině je častěji využíváno propojení více jak jednoho druhu škály. Klíčová slova: bolest, dítě, hodnotící nástroj
As pain is a subjective feeling, it is difficult to find an assessment tool. Moreover, in the children's population this fact can be amplified by an inadequate verbal communication. Pain can be assessed by self report, behavioral reactions, the body reactions to pain or by the combination of the above mentioned aspects (multidimensional pain assessment). In the Czech Republic are most often used Visual analogue scale (VAS), Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) and Faces Pain Scale–Revised (FPS-R). While abroad are frequently used connections of more than one kind of scale.
- Klíčová slova
- hodnotící nástroj,
- MeSH
- bolest psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření bolesti * metody MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Goal: The goal of this review study is to map the options of secondary prevention of colorectal cancer. Methods: We used the method of document content analysis. We searched for references using the following keywords: “screening”, “colorectal cancer”, “occult bleeding”, “colonoscopy”, and the Boole operators “AND” and “NOT”. We used the databases of EBSCO, ProQuest and Pubmed between February and April 2019. After the filtering, we included 20 sources. Results: The study shows that if colorectal cancer is treated in the early phase, there is a higher probability of survival. We also confirmed a decreased incidence and mortality using the screening of risk groups. The colorectal carcinoma screening is carried out by testing the stool or colonoscopy. To test the stool, we can use haemoccult (gFOBT), immunochemical techniques (FIT) or DNA mutation testing in the stool. Conclusion: There is not a unanimous recommendation for colorectal carcinoma screening. Some countries have state regulations. This research shows that there is not sufficient proof for using haemoccult tests or immunochemical techniques.
Aim: The aim of the paper was to identify the impact of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) on patient lives assessed according to the principles of conservation of personal and social integrity expressed in the model by M. E. Levine. Sample and methods: The study was performed using quantitative strategy. Non-standardized questionnaires were filled out by patients with a CRC history. The data were analysed in two stages of classification. In the first stage, frequency tables were created, the absolute and relative frequencies, and mean values were calculated. In the second stage, contingency tables and the mark scheme were constructed. In the analysis of relations, the Pearson Chi-Square and Independence Test were used. Results: The principle of the conservation of the personal integrity related to patients` negative feelings. The most common worries relate to possible colostomy. When exploring the social integrity, it was found out that an impaired psychical state can relate to the patient unemployment. However, our study found out that stoma did not create any problems at work. Conclusion: M. E. Levine`s model can be used in the care of CRC patients. This concept enables nurses to get a scope for better understanding and assessment of patients. The lives of CRC patients bring about a number of changes, and, therefore, it is important for nurses to maintain patient integrity. The integrity is maintained thanks to the adjustment to changes caused by CRC using conservation principles.
- MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * ošetřování MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- spokojenost pacientů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- ošetřovatelský model Levinové,
- MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * ošetřování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- onkologické ošetřovatelství MeSH
- ošetřovatelské modely * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Aim: The research subject was to determine the changes in diet and nutrition in patients with colorectal cancer with respect to the M. E. Levine Model. Methods: The research was implemented by quantitative survey through a non-standardized questionnaire. The research file was formed of 300 respondents who had suffered colorectal cancer. Results: The respondents most often drink 1.5 to 2 litres of fluids. They mostly consume 1 to 2 glasses of beer (38.3%), 1 to 2 glasses of wine (38%) and most of them (52.6%) do not consume any spirits during the week. The results show that 32.9% of the respondents do not have any problems with diet and 33.3% of the respondents are slightly limited by diet measures. The patients who have no problems with diet significantly more frequently mention that they are not limited by current diet measures. Conclusion: Nutritional problems of patients with colorectal cancer occur in the principles of maintenance of structural integrity and energy conservation. As the research survey shows, the patients did not adhere to these two principles when it comes to nutrition and especially diet problems because they have to change their eating habits.
- MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * dietoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ošetřovatelské modely * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- dietoterapie * metody MeSH
- enterální výživa metody MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- ileostomie MeSH
- kolorektální nádory * dietoterapie MeSH
- kolostomie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nutriční terapie * metody MeSH
- parenterální výživa metody MeSH
- pití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
