Q112450115
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In December of 2019, several cases of unknown atypical respiratory diseases emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. After preliminary research, it was stated that the disease is transmittable between humans and was named COVID-19. Over the course of next months, it spread all over the world by air and sea transport and caused a global pandemic which affects life of everyone now-a-days. A large number of countries, have since been forced to take precautions such as curfews, lockdowns, wearing facemasks etc. Even with vaccines being produced in mass numbers, lack of targeted therapy continues to be a major problem. According to studies so far it seems that elderly people are more vulnerable to severe symptoms while children tend to by asymptomatic or have milder form the disease. In our review, we focused on gathering data about the virus itself, its characteristics, paths of transmission, and its effect on hormone production and secretion. In such, there is insufficient information in the literature worldwide, especially the ones that focus on the effect of COVID-19 on individual organs systems within the human body. Hence, the present evidence-based study focused on the possible effects of COVID-19 on adrenal gland and gonads i.e. on the process of steroidogenesis and fertility.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 metabolismus patofyziologie virologie MeSH
- fertilita * MeSH
- gonády metabolismus patofyziologie virologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nadledviny metabolismus patofyziologie virologie MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 patogenita MeSH
- steroidy biosyntéza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the dose-dependent effects of iron as a potential endocrine disruptor in relation to the release of sexual steroid hormones by a human adrenocortical carcinoma (NCI-H295R) cell line. The cells were exposed to different concentrations (3.90, 62.50, 250, 500, 1000 μM) of FeSO4.7H2O and compared with the control group (culture medium without FeSO4.7H2O). Cell viability was measured by the metabolic activity assay. Quantification of sexual steroid production was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Following 48 h culture of the cells in the presence of FeSO4.7H2O, significantly (P < 0.001) increased production of progesterone was observed at the lowest concentration (3.90 μM) of FeSO4.7H2O, whereas the lowest release of progesterone by NCIH295R cells was noted after addition of 1000 μM of FeSO4.7H2O, which did not elicit cytotoxic action (P > 0.05). Testosterone production was substantially increased at the concentrations ≤ 62.50 μM of FeSO4.7H2O. Lower levels of testosterone were recorded in the groups with higher concentrations (≥ 250 μM) of FeSO4.7H2O (P > 0.05). The presented data suggest that iron has no endocrine disruptive effect on the release of sexual steroid hormones, but its toxicity may be reflected at other points of the steroidogenesis pathway.
- MeSH
- adrenokortikální karcinom * MeSH
- adrenokortikální nádory * MeSH
- buněčné kultury MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- železo MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Nickel is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, which has various effects on reproductive endocrinology. In this study, human adrenocortical carcinoma (NCI-H295R) cell line was used as an in vitro biological model to study the effect of nickel chloride (NiCl2) on the viability and steroidogenesis. The cells were exposed to different concentrations (3.90; 7.80; 15.60; 31.20; 62.50; 125; 250 and 500 microM) of NiCl2 and compared with control group (culture medium without NiCl2). The cell viability was measured by the metabolic activity assay. Production of sexual steroid hormones was quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Following 48 h culture of the cells in the presence of NiCl2 a dose-dependent depletion of progesterone release was observed even at the lower concentrations. In fact, lower levels of progesterone were detected in groups with higher doses (>/=125 microM) of NiCl2 (P<0.01), which also elicited cytotoxic action. A more prominent decrease in testosterone production (P<0.01) was also noted in comparison to that of progesterone. On the other hand, the release of 17beta-estradiol was substantially increased at low concentrations (3.90 to 62.50 microM) of NiCl2. The cell viability remained relatively unaltered up to 125 microM (P>0.05) and slightly decreased from 250 microM of NiCl2 (P<0.05). Our results indicate endocrine disruptive effect of NiCl2 on the release of progesterone and testosterone in the NCI-H295R cell line. Although no detrimental effect of NiCl2 (
- MeSH
- adrenokortikální karcinom metabolismus patologie MeSH
- adrenokortikální nádory metabolismus patologie MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory farmakologie MeSH
- estradiol metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nikl farmakologie MeSH
- progesteron metabolismus MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- testosteron metabolismus MeSH
- viabilita buněk MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The goal of this study was to observe the effect of resorcinol on motility, viability and morphology of bovine spermatozoa. The semen was used from six randomly chosen breeding bulls. Ejaculate was diluted by different solutions of resorcinol in 1:40 ratio. Samples were divided into 7 groups with different concentrations of resorcinol (Control, RES1 - 4 mg/ml, RES2 - 2 mg/ml, RES3 - 1 mg/ml, RES4 - 0.5 mg/ml, RES5 - 0.25 mg/ml and RES6 - 0.125 mg/ml). Motility of spermatozoa was detected using CASA method at temperature of 37 °C in time periods 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours from the start of the experiment. Significant motility differences between all groups except control and RES6 with difference of 5.58 %, as well as between RES1 and RES2 groups with difference of 2.17 % were found. Progressive motility had the same significant differences. Spermatozoa viability (MTT test) decreased compared to control in all experimental groups during the entire duration of experiment. Observing morphologically changed spermatozoa, no significant changes were observed and a higher percentage of spermatozoa with separated flagellum in all experimental resorcinol groups compared to control were detected. Also, increased number of spermatozoa with broken flagellum, acrosomal changes and other morphological forms in the group with the highest concentration of resorcinol (RES1) were found. Results of our study clearly show negative effects on motility parameters of spermatozoa which depend on concentration, cultivation temperature and time period.
- MeSH
- motilita spermií účinky léků MeSH
- resorcinoly farmakologie MeSH
- skot MeSH
- sperma účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- spermie účinky léků MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The target of this study was to evaluate the effect of extract of the European mistletoe - Viscum album quercus L. on spermatozoa motility and viability in vitro. The CASA system was used to determine the spermatozoa motility parameters at different time intervals (0, 1, 2 and 3 h) and spermatozoa viability was determined in five different doses of Viscum album quercus L [10 (QA), 6.6 (QB), 3.3 (QC), 2.5 (QD) and 2 (QE) mg/ml]. Results in experimental groups detected a significant deterioration on rabbit spermatozoa after 1, 2 and 3 hours, compared to the control. The initial total spermatozoa motility showed increased value for all doses of Viscum album quercus in comparison to control. After in vitro culture a dose-dependent decrease (QA: reduction of 69.7 %, QB: reduction of 40.9 %) was found. For the progressive spermatozoa most significant decrease (86.8 % for QA vs. 48.5 % for QB) was detected compared to the control after 3 hours of culture. Spermatozoa viability (MTT test) was decreased in all experiment groups at the end of experiment, but the differences were not significant. Significant alterations of membrane integrity were found in groups with the highest Viscum album quercus concentration (QA, QB), but acrosome integrity showed no significant changes. Results suggest negative dose- and time-dependent effect of Viscum album quercus at higher doses on spermatozoa motility and viability parameters in vitro.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dub (rod) * MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- motilita spermií účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty izolace a purifikace farmakologie MeSH
- spermie účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- Viscum album * MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The monitoring of various elements in the cow milk is important in the agricultural sector. The goal of this study was to determine the concentrations of calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the milk samples coming from different origins (local region in Nitra, nationwide sample represents the common Slovak brands of milk and common brands of milk from Czech Republic widely available in Slovakia). The samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry. A high level of variability in the Cu, Fe, Na, Ni, and Zn contents was observed. Magnesium was comparatively high in the milk sample from Slovakia (273.23 ± 16.32 μg/mL) against sample from Nitra (230.91 ± 9.48 μg/mL) and Czech Republic (202.70 ± 10.83 μg/mL). Potassium was significantly higher in milk from Nitra region (3301.98 ± 95.66) against SK sample (2925.16 ± 75.74 μg/mL). There were no significant differences in other elements among the three regions. The provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) contribution suggested low dietary exposure to observed toxic metals (Cd, Hg, and Pb) in milk samples. Margin of exposure (MOE) evaluation denoted that even higher consumption of milk poses no high cardiovascular and nephrotoxicity threat. However, Cd and Pb are known for their cumulative effect and the monitoring of these elements in milk is strongly required.
- MeSH
- dietární expozice analýza MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- kontaminace potravin analýza MeSH
- mléko chemie normy MeSH
- stopové prvky analýza MeSH
- těžké kovy analýza MeSH
- xenobiotika analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Jednotlivé stopové prvky patria medzi esenciálne prvky a sú potrebné pre rôzne fyziologické funkcie so zreteľom na imunitný systém. Deficiencie stopových prvkov a infekčné ochorenia sú často v koexistencii, pričom sa prejavujú komplexom interakcií. Hlavné stopové prvky ako selén, zinok, meď, mangán majú imunomodulačný efekt a zohrávajú významnú úlohu pri infekčných chorobách. Niektoré stopové prvky inhibujú replikáciu vírusov v hostiteľských bunkách teda majú antivirotickú aktivitu. Mnohé stopové prvky sú antioxidanty prípadne sú schopné nielen regulovať imunitnú odpoveď hostiteľa ale majú schopnosť alterovať genóm vírusov. V predkladanom článku vám prinášame základné interakcie medzi stopovými prvkami a imunitným systémom.
Trace elements as essential micronutrients play an important role in various physiological processes and are crucial for proper functioning of the immune system. Deficiency of trace elements and infectious diseases are often concomitantly observed and result in complex interactions. The major trace elements such as selenium, zinc, copper, manganese, etc. have immunomodulatory effects and thus influence susceptibility to and the course and outcome of a variety of viral infections. Some trace elements inhibit viral replication in the host cells and therefore have antiviral activity. Many trace elements act as antioxidants or are able not only to regulate the host immune response but also to alter the viral genome. This article gives a brief review of the major interactions between the trace elements and the immune system.
