Nově navržený hybridní biodegradabilní nanokompozitní porézní implantát (HBNPI) modifikovaný biogenním polyfosfátem (bio-polyP) představuje velmi dobrou možnost jak vytvořit kostní fúzi. Zvláště efektivní využití se nabízí v páteřní problematice, kde při jejím poranění či degenerativním postižení je často využívána metoda tzv. intervertebrální dézy. Námi navržený resorbovatelný HBNPI složený z vnějšího tvrdého keramického prstence a vnitřní měkké kolagen/nanohydroxyapatitové pěny v kombinaci s bio-polyP kopíruje osteokonduktivní a osteoinduktivní vlastnosti dosud užívaných autologních kostních štěpů. Syntetický HBNPI je připravován laboratorně a tím odpadají komplikace spojené s odběrem autoštěpů, eventuálně i riziko přenosu infektu v případě užití aloštěpu. Tento projekt se zaměřuje na in-vivo testování schopnosti HBNPI vytvořit intevertebrální dézu na zvířecím modelu a provést histologické a ex-vivo biomechanické porovnání s dosud užívanými autoštěpy. Výsledky budou tvořit podklad k vytvoření nové a bezpečnější metodiky intervertebrální dézy a umožní následné klinické testování.; Newly designed hybrid biodegradable nanocomposite porous implant (HBNPI) modified with biogenic polyphosphate (bio-polyP) represents a very good opportunity to create bone fusion. Particularly effective utilization seems to be in spinal problems ,where the method of intervertebral fusion is mainly applied in injuries or degenerative spinal diseases. Our designed resorbable HBNPI composed of a hard ceramic outer ring and the inner soft collagen/nanohydroxyapatit foam modified with bio-polyP copy osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of currently used autologous bone grafts. Synthetic HBNPI is prepared in laboratory manner eliminating both the complications associated with autografts collection and possibly the risk of infection transmission in the case of allografts. This project is focused on in-vivo testing of HBNPI ability to create intervertebral fusion in animal model and compare histology and ex-vivo bimechanics with standard autograft method. Results will create base of new and safer method of intervertebral fusion allowing subsequent clinical testing.

• MeSH
• fúze páteře metody   MeSH
• implantace protézy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• nanokompozity terapeutické užití   MeSH
• páteř chirurgie   MeSH
• polyfosfáty terapeutické užití   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• testování materiálů MeSH
• vstřebatelné implantáty MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Ortopedie. Chirurgie. Oftalmologie
• NLK Obory
• ortopedie
• technika lékařská, zdravotnický materiál a protetika
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

4-methylumbelliferone (4MU) has been suggested as a potential therapeutic agent for a wide range of neurological diseases. The current study aimed to evaluate the physiological changes and potential side effects after 10 weeks of 4MU treatment at a dose of 1.2 g/kg/day in healthy rats, and after 2 months of a wash-out period. Our findings revealed downregulation of hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans throughout the body, significantly increased bile acids in blood samples in weeks 4 and 7 of the 4MU treatment, as well as increased blood sugars and proteins a few weeks after 4MU administration, and significantly increased interleukins IL10, IL12p70 and IFN gamma after 10 weeks of 4MU treatment. These effects, however, were reversed and no significant difference was observed between control treated and 4MU-treated animals after a 9-week wash-out period.

• MeSH
• hymekromon * škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• interleukin-12 MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kyselina hyaluronová * metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The main goal of this study was to assess the progress of vertebral stability after lumbar interbody fusion related to microcomputed tomography (micro CT), biomechanical analysis, and histological assessment towards spine fusion. Twelve male pigs were used; each underwent L2-3 discectomy and implantation of an iliac crest bone graft in two groups; six spines were harvested eight weeks (A1) and six spines 16 weeks (A2) after surgery (7 native spines for biomechanical analysis). The CT was performed by GE phoenix datos|x 2.0 with a sample drift correction. The samples were divided according to fusion quality. Biomechanical evaluation was carried out on the MTS Mini Bionix testing system. In the nondestructive mode, three cycles of pure bending moments were applied (5 Nm load limit) at a rate of 20 °/min in flexion (+40 °) and extension (-40 °). Two representative histological sections from four samples were obtained (A1, n = 2; A2, n = 2); areas of mature bone were quantified. In micro CT, better results were achieved in group A2 (not significant). Eight weeks after the operation, flexural stiffness decreased to 48% of its initial value for native cadavers (P < 0.05); after 16 weeks it was comparable to native cadavers, demonstrating the suitability of the implanted graft (P < 0.05). The newly formed bone tissue occupied an average area of 94.205 mm2 (A1) and 26.240 mm2 (A2). It was confirmed that micro CT, biomechanical analysis, and histological assessment are technically feasible and suitable for the evaluation of results of other methods of large bone defect treatment.

Úvod: Obecně můžeme říci, že rázová vlna se vyznačuje prudkou změnou vlastností prostředí, kterým se šíří. V medicíně se rázová vlna používá již řadu let a její počátky jsou spojeny s léčbou konkrementů. Úspěchy, které byly dosažené na poli dezintegrace konkrementů, vedly k úvahám o jiném využití rázových vln v medicíně. Dnes se například věnuje velká pozornost možnosti poškození nádorové tkáně účinkem rázových vln. Tato práce je věnována použití v ortopedii. Metoda a materiál: Ke generování rázových vln byl použit nový zdroj, který byl vyvinut na Ústavu fyziky plazmatu. Je založen na principu mnohokanálového výboje, ke kterému dochází na povrchu kompozitní anody. V experimentech byly zjišťovány účinky rázové vlny na spojení kosti a kostního cementu. Jednotlivé vzorky byly rázovány a poté byla měřena síla, která je nutná k vytlačení kostního cementu z kosti. Výsledky: Byly porovnávány mezi sebou maximální síly naměřené u vzorků experimentálních a kontrolních. Z výsledků vyplývá, že síly nutné k vytlačení kostního cementu z experimentálního vzorku jsou v porovnání s kontrolními vzorky menší. Diskuze: Z toho můžeme usuzovat, že rázová vlna dokáže narušit spojení kosti a kostního cementu. Tohoto efektu by šlo později využít při reoperacích totálních kloubních náhrad.

Introduction: It can be generally said that a shock wave is characterized by a sharp change in the properties of the environment through which it spreads. In medicine, shock waves have been used for many years and the origins of their application are associated with the treatment of concretions. The success that had been achieved in the field of stone disintegration encouraged further considerations in respect of other applications of shock waves in medicine. Currently, for example, much attention is given to the possibility of damaging tumour tissue by the effects of shock waves. This paper focuses upon orthopaedic applications. Material and methods: A new source of generating shock waves, which was developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics, has been used. It is based on the principle of multichannel discharge which occurs on the surface of the composite anode. The effects of shock waves upon the connection between the bone and bone cement were studied in the experiments. Individual samples were treated by the shock wave and thereafter, the force necessary to displace bone cement from the bone was measured. Results: The maximum forces established in experimental samples were compared to those measured in control samples. The results indicate that compared to control samples, the force necessary to displace bone cement from an experimental sample is smaller. Conclusions: This suggests that the shock wave can influence the way the bone and bone cement connect. This effect could be later used in total joint replacements reoperations.

• Klíčová slova
• fokusovaná rázová vlna, výměna kyčelního kloubu, kostní cement,
• MeSH
• artroplastiky kloubů MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
• femur MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kostní cementy MeSH
• litotripse metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• reoperace MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakty MeSH

Biokompatibilní podmínky mechanické provázanosti pojivových tkání s neživým prostředím hrají klíčovou roli při zajišťování stability implantátů ve tkáních. Vhodnou plasmatickou modifikací atomy dusíku a kyslíku lze na povrchu implantátů zajistit vznik ligandů. Následné potažení implantátu kolagenem přispívá ke zlepšení kvality propojení kolagenních vláken s neživým prostředím.

Biocompatible conditions of mechanical coherence of the connective tissues with inanimate environment play a key role in ensuring the stability of implant in tissues. Creation of ligands on surfaces of implants can be ensured by appropriate plasmatic modification of them by nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Coatings of implants by collagen films contribute to the bonding quality of collagen fibres with polymer surfaces.

• Klíčová slova
• biokompatibitita, biomateriál, bioligandy,
• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kolagen ultrastruktura   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protézy a implantáty ultrastruktura   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Eight male Wistar rats at two months of age were alcoho-fed (7.6 g 95 % ethanol/kg b.w. per day) to evaluate the effects of long-term administration (three months) of alcohol in drinking water. We have used a dose which is considered to be comparable to a dose of 1 liter of wine or 2.5 liters of 12° beer used in male adults daily. The bones were tested mechanically by a three-point bending test in a Mini Bionix (MTS) testing system. The bones from alcohol-fed rats were characterized by a reduction in bone density as well as in ash, calcium and phosphate content. In alcohol-fed rats the reduction in bone mineral density (10 %) was reflected by about 12 % reduction of mechanical strength of femur (158±5.5 vs. 178±3.2 N/mm2). Alcohol significantly altered femoral cortical thickness. In our experiment alcohol itself did not exert any antiandrogenic effect and it did not produce changes in the weight of seminal vesicles. Liver function test (GGT, ALP, AST) did not differ between alcohol-fed rats and control rats. Alcohol-induced bone loss is associated with increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. These results document the efficacy of alcohol at the dose of 7.6 g 95 % ethanol/kg b.w. to cause bone loss and loss of bone mechanical strength in intact rats. The results of the present study may be interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of alcohol as a risk factor for osteoporosis.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• enzymy krev   MeSH
• ethanol aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• femur metabolismus   patologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fosfáty krev   MeSH
• jaterní testy MeSH
• játra enzymologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• kostní denzita účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• osteogeneze účinky léků   MeSH
• osteoporóza chemicky indukované   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• pití alkoholu MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• resorpce kosti chemicky indukované   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• semenné váčky účinky léků   MeSH
• vápník krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Moderní léčebnou metodou lokálního ohraničeného poškození zdravé kloubní chrupavky je transplantace štěpů kultivovaných autologních chondrocytů na poškozené místo. Po transplantaci, která je provedena artroskopicky, se transplantát hojí přibližně rok. Pro sledování pooperační fáze hojení transplantátu bylo vyvinuto dotykové měřidlo pro měření tuhosti kloubní chrupavky. Dotykové měřidlo je artroskopický diagnostický nástroj, kterým je porovnána tuhost fyziologické a transplantované chrupavky pacienta. Funkce je založena na snímání deformace měřící části, která je při artroskopickém zákroku vsunuta do kloubu a přitlačena k povrchu chrupavky. Cílem práce bylo navrhnout konstrukční řešení měřidla, navrhnout elektrické vybavení, kalibrace měřidla, ověření měřících metod a plná automatizace měřícího procesu. Konstrukce a funkce měřidla je v souladu s náročnými požadavky na artroskopický diagnostický nástroj.

Modern surgical healing method of large local defects placed on the physiological articular cartilage was transplantation of cultivated autologous chondrocyt graft on the defect. First, there was sample healthy chondrocyt tissue of patient. This tissue was cultivated and after that was transplanted back on the defect. Surgical investigation was done arthroscopicly. Transplanted tissue had different mechanical properties in comparison with physiologic tissue. Graft healed approximately one year and then the mechanical properties were the same. For the purpose of monitoring of surgical phase healing graft with clinical practise indentation instrument for the measurement of cartilage stiffness was developed. Indentation instrument was arthroscopic diagnostic instrument which compared stiffness of physiological and transplanted cartilage of the patient. The result of patient investigation was percentage value of stiffness of transplanted cartilage. By means of the result was given diagnosis. Cartilage stiffness was measured by the front indentation part which was inserted into the joint and pressed to the surface of the physiological and transplanted cartilage during investigation. Function of indentation instrument was based on measurement of the bending deformation of indentation part. Indentation part consisted of two beams, external tube and internal rod. Deformation was measured by three strain gauges which were placed on perimeter of external indentation part and two strain gauges on internal indentation part. Each of the three external strain gauges were connected to own Wheatstone bridge and there were three output signals from them. Other two internal strain gauges were connected to one Wheatstone bridge and there was only one output signal. Output signals obtained from the strain gauges were processed and analyzed automatically. It was necessary to ensure always the same conditions of measurements for correct result and repeatability of measurements. The conditions of measurements were value of indentation force and value of angle deviation of force application. The three output signals from strain gauges of external indentation part were used for calculation of measurements conditions. The one output signal from two strain gauges of internal part was used for cartilage stiffness measurement. Value of this output signal was saved for investigation of transplanted and physiological cartilage for the same conditions of measurements. Value of signal for investigation of physiological cartilage determined the maximum stiffness. Values of signals were compared and the result was percentage value of stiffness of transplanted cartilage. Design of indentation instrument corresponded to exacting requirement on arthroscopic diagnostic instrument. The indentation instrument was reliable and safe in wet environment, made from biocompatible materials, waterproof, chemical resistant and had small weight.

• MeSH
• artroskopie metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• autologní transplantace metody   přístrojové vybavení   využití   MeSH
• chondrocyty transplantace   MeSH
• diagnostické techniky a postupy využití   MeSH
• diagnostické vybavení využití   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kloubní chrupavka patologie   transplantace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ortopedické vybavení využití   MeSH
• ortopedické výkony metody   přístrojové vybavení   využití   MeSH
• regenerace fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

This work answers some questions related to detection of rheological properties of soft tissues exemplified in myometrium, stressed by external tensile force. In the first stage of the experiment the tissue samples were ciclically stressed and response loops were recorded. This test proved severe plastical deformation of samples, which is not usually being stated for living tissues. In addition to course, growth and stabilizing this deformation also energetical losses of individual hysteresis loops of the response were evaluated. In the second stage of the experiment the tissue samples were exposed to a loading force changed in step-wise manner in four steps. The sample response to each force step was processed and evaluated separately to obtain basic properties of used model. In next step, the changes in model characteristics were obtained and evaluated for each element in subsequent force steps. By reason of following easier interpretation, the quite simple visco-elastic model, defined by differential equation with analytic solution, is used. The results prove necessary to introduce in model both spring and damper constants dependent on the magnitude of the loading force and one damper with even time dependent constant. The interindividual variability of characteristic values of the model elements is surprisingly low. On the other side, they are strongly dependent on load magnitude. Complete mathematical model of uterine wall tissue is obtained by amending the principal equation by formulas describing changes in individual components of the model.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanický stres MeSH
• myometrium anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• pružnost MeSH
• reologie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Tobacco, containing nicotine as the principal pharmacologically active chemical, has been identified as being a risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Thirty-two male Wistar rats of two months of age were castrated or sham operated to evaluate the effects of long-term administration (four months) of nicotine in drinking water (9.0 mg/kg/day). The presence of cotinine in urine confirmed successful delivery of nicotine. The bones were tested mechanically by a three point bending test in a Mini Bionix (MTA) testing system. The bones from castrated rats were characterized by a reduction in bone density as well as ash, calcium and phosphate content. Castration significantly altered mechanical properties of bone (9%) and femoral cortical thickness. When intact rats were treated with a high dose of nicotine, nicotine had negative effect on tibial bone density as well as ash, calcium, phosphate content and significantly altered the mechanical properties of bone (12%) and femoral cortical thickness compared to intact animals. Nicotine itself does not exert any anti-androgenic effect and does not produce changes in the weight of seminal vesicles. Nicotine-induced bone loss is associated with high bone turnover in the male rats as expressed by increased TrACP and B-ALP. When castrated rats were treated with the high dose of nicotine the changes in bone density resulting from castration were not further potentiated. These results document the efficacy of nicotine at high doses to cause bone loss and loss of bone mechanical strength in intact rats. The results of the present study may be interpreted as supporting the hypothesis of nicotine as a risk factor for osteoporosis.

• MeSH
• alkalická fosfatasa krev   MeSH
• čas MeSH
• femur účinky léků   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
• kostní denzita účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• nikotin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• orchiektomie MeSH
• pevnost v tlaku účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• tibie účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH