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Východiska: Bez ohledu na typ nádorového onemocnění nebo fázi léčby pohybová aktivita (PA) prokazatelně snižuje riziko recidivy nádorového onemocnění a úmrtí. Současně je asociována s celou řadou pozitivních vlivů na fyzický i psychický stav pacientů, a to zejména v oblasti aerobní kondice, únavy, duševního zdraví i celkově vnímané kvality života. V současné onkologické praxi je však kombinace její indikace s léčbou stále ještě poměrně vzácná. Zároveň je i účast onkologických pacientů na pravidelných pohybových aktivitách zpravidla velmi nízká. Jelikož však PA představuje účinnou metodu podpory onkologické léčby a hraje významnou roli i v prevenci, je třeba hledat účinné strategie, které umožní zapojit pacienty do pohybových aktivit v širší míře. K tomuto účelu se jako velmi vhodné jeví programy pohybových aktivit organizované přímo zařízeními zabývajícími se komplexní onkologickou péčí. Cíl: Literární přehled mapuje hlavní překážky a podpůrné faktory ovlivňující zapojení onkologických pacientů do programů pohybových aktivit. Hlavní roli zde sehrávají zejména ekonomické faktory spojené se zdravotní politikou, promítající se do dostupnosti tohoto druhu podpůrné péče pro pacienty, úroveň zdravotní gramotnosti, organizace programů PA, poskytovatelé zdravotní péče – lékaři i pracovníci ve zdravotnictví, sociální opora a intrapsychické vlivy na straně pacientů. Jelikož implementace programů pohybové aktivity do stávajícího systému onkologické péče představuje poměrně náročný proces, předkládaný příspěvek se zabývá i možnostmi využití modelu přesvědčení o zdraví. V daném kontextu tento model umožňuje predikci a identifikaci překážek a podpůrných faktorů zapojení pacientů do programů PA s cílem maximalizovat jejich efektivitu a přizpůsobit je potřebám pacientů a současně i možnostem konkrétního lékařského zařízení.
Background: Regardless of cancer type or stage of treatment, physical activity (PA) has been shown to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and death. It is associated with a range of positive effects on patients‘ physical and psychological well-being, particularly in the areas of aerobic fitness, fatigue, mental health and perceived overall quality of life. However, in current oncology practice, the combination of its indication with treatment is still relatively rare. At the same time, cancer patients‘ participation in regular physical activity is usually very low. However, as PA is an effective method to support cancer treatment and plays an important role in prevention, it is necessary to find effective strategies to involve patients more widely in physical activities. To this end, physical activity programmes organised directly by facilities providing comprehensive cancer care appear to be very suitable. Purpose: This literature review maps the main barriers and facilitators to cancer patients‘ participation in physical activity programmes. In particular, economic factors related to health policy, reflected in the availability of this type of supportive care for patients, the level of health literacy, the organization of PA programs, health care providers – both physicians and health care workers, social support and intrapsychic influences on the part of patients play a major role. Since the implementation of physical activity programmes into the existing cancer care system is a rather challenging process, the paper also deals with the possibilities of using the Health Belief Model. In the given context, this model allows the prediction and identification of barriers and supportive factors to patients‘ involvement in PA programs in order to maximize their effectiveness and adapt them to the needs of patients and, at the same time, to the capabilities of a specific medical facility.
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Aims. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a six-month movement intervention program on the fundamental movement skills of preschool children and explore how parents of these children evaluate their children's skills. Sample and setting. The data collection was carried out for two years (2018–2020). An intervention group of 34 children and a control group of 31 children were recruited from 3–6 years (mean age=4.98; SD=0.87) of two preschools in the Czech Republic. FMS were tested by BOT-2 and parents of the children filled out the questionnaire about the demographic data and their estimation of their childrenʼs FMS. Statistical analysis. Mixed linear models were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program and the differences between the objective and subjective results of FMS were assessed by parametric (paired sample t-test) and nonparametric tests (Wilcoxon test). Results. The results revealed only one significant change in the FMS in the subscale of bilateral coordination (β=0.50; CI=0.17–0.82; p=0.003). Parents evaluated their childrenʼs FMS relatively accurately. Parents overestimated only the ability of the upper limb coordination (Z=-2.273, p=0.023). Limitations. Quasi-experimental design, number of participants, testing of preschool children and premature termination of data collection due to COVID-19 may be considered to be limiting
Problematika předčasného porodu je ve světě stále stěžejním tématem, protože i navzdory pokročilé zdravotní péči vykazují předčasně narozené děti široké spektrum zdravotních komplikací, které s různou mírou intenzity ovlivňují jejich vývoj. K problémům nejčastěji spjatým s kognitivním a motorickým vývojem se řadí poškození smyslových orgánů a mozku. Psychomotorický vývoj nedonošených dětí může však být narušen i v případě, že není takovéto neurosenzorické postižení přítomno a může se ubírat různými směry. Cílem této práce je poskytnout přehled možných trajektorií kognitivního a motorického vývoje u předčasně narozených dětí a poukázat tak na nezbytnost interdisciplinární dlouhodobé péče o tyto jedince.
Premature birth is still a topical issue around the world. Despite advanced health care, premature infants show a wide range of health complications that affect their development with varying degrees of intensity. The problems most associated with cognitive and motor development include sensory organs and brain damages. However, the psychomotor development of premature infants may be impaired even if such neurosensory impairment is not present and it may go in different directions. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of possible trajectories of cognitive and motor development in premature children and to point out the need for interdisciplinary long-term care for these individuals.
The article presents an overview of important findings concerning the overtraining syndrome (OTS) in elite athletes. Although the scientific community agrees that OTS is a multifactorially determined and individually variable phenomenon, which can have a serious impact on the individual, there are still some inconsistencies. Therefore, in our study we focused on the terminology of the phenomenon, its prevalence, etiology and symptomatology. We paid specific attention to psychological instruments of detecting OTS indicators. Given that in the period of adolescence the training process in the majority of sport disciplines intensifies significantly, the context of developmental changes during this period in relation to OTS is discussed. The final part of the study summarizes the basic principles of prevention of this pathological phenomenon.
BACKGROUND: One of the most widely used instruments to measure depression in childhood and adolescence is Kovacs's Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). Even though this particular measure sparked massive interest among researchers, there is no clear consensus about its factorial structure. It has been suggested that inconsistencies in findings can be partly ascribed to the cultural context. The aim of this study was a) to examine and verify the factor structure of CDI in the Czech population and b) to assess gender-related psychometric differences using the mean and covariance structure (MACS) approach and differential item functioning (DIF) analysis. METHODS: The research sample consisted of 1,515 adolescents (ages 12 to 16 years, 53.7% female) from a non-clinical general population. Based on exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a random subsample (N = 500), we proposed a model that was subsequently tested on the rest of the sample (N = 1,015) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Following the MACS procedure, we assessed measurement invariance in boys and girls. The between-group comparison was further supplemented by a DIF analysis. RESULTS: The proposed hierarchical four-factor model (General Symptoms, Negative Self-Concept, Inefficiency, and Social Anhedonia) with a second-order factor of depression fitted the data reasonably well (χ2 = 1281.355; df = 320; RMSEA = 0.054, CFI = 0.925). Regarding gender differences, we found no substantial signs of measurement invariance using the MACS approach. Boys and girls differed in first-order latent means (girls scored higher on General Symptoms with a standardized mean difference of 0.52 and on Negative Self-Concept with a standardized mean difference of 0.31). DIF analysis identified three items with differential functioning. However, the levels of differential functioning were only marginal (in two items) or marginal/moderate and the presence of DIF does not substantially influence scoring of CDI. CONCLUSION: In the general adolescent population in the Czech Republic, the CDI can be considered a reliable instrument for screening purposes in clinical settings and for use in research practice. Instead of the originally proposed five-factor model, we recommend using the newly established four-factor structure. The measure seems to show only marginal psychometric differences with respect to gender, and overall measurement invariance in boys and girls seems to be a tenable assumption.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- deprese diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
- psychologické modely MeSH
- psychometrie metody MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This study examined the influence of perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns on athlete burnout and two key indicators of overtraining syndrome (training distress and subjectively perceived sports performance) using cross-sectional (N = 228), short-term (a 3-month interval, N = 93) and long-term (a 1-year interval, N = 83) longitudinal designs on a sample of adolescent athletes. In the cross-sectional analyses, sequential regressions revealed that perfectionism was a significant predictor of athlete burnout and both indicators of overtraining. In the three-month longitudinal perspective, both dimensions of perfectionism (strivings and concerns) contributed to the prediction of change in burnout and sports performance, but not training distress. When the one-year longitudinal relationships were regarded, only perfectionistic strivings significantly predicted decrease in burnout, and, for sports performance, the predictive power of both dimensions of perfectionism was even more pronounced when compared to the three-month longitudinal data.
- MeSH
- duševní vyhoření psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- perfekcionismus * MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- psychický stres MeSH
- sportovci psychologie MeSH
- sportovní výkon psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The Brunel Mood States is a 24-items long questionnaire (formerly referred to as the Profile of Mood States for Adolescents POMS-A) used to capture emotional profile of an individual. It has been used in various settings including sport psychology, where it is considered a valid indicator for overtraining syndrome. The aim of this study was to develop the Czech adaptation of BRUMS and verify its psychometric properties in adolescent athletes. The data were collected from a sample of 246 participant (50.8% females; age range 14-19 years). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate original six-dimensional structure (with factors of Depression, Tension, Confusion, Anger, Fatigue, and Vigor). Even though this model showed acceptable fit to the data, Depression and Tension factors were empirically indistinguishable. Therefore, we proposed and verified alternative five-factor model with these two factors collapsed. Measurement invariance across gender was assessed using the Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model. Although three items showed signs of differential item functioning, the Czech adaptation of the instrument can in general be considered a measurement invariant.
This article deals with the issue of overtraining among elite adolescent athletes. The aim of our study was to examine the relationship between certain personality traits, as perfectionism, extraversion, neuroticism and other Big 5 traits and subjective perception of training load (which is one of the best indicator of overtraining syndrome). We also focused on the relationship between a perceived training difficulty and perceived training load too find out, if there is some kind of integral relationship. To collect data we used a questionnaire, which were given to adolescent elite athletes playing team sports in a mid-season period. The results show significant relationship between perceived training load and overall perfectionism (r=0.189, p<0.001), extraversion (r=-0.241, p<0.001), neuroticism (r=0.343, p<0.001) and consciousness (r=-0.287, p<0.001). After the closer examination we found an interesting relation between single dimension of perfectionism and perceived training load, suggesting the contribution of maladaptive perfectionism on development of overtraining syndrome. Besides that, we differentiated athletes into two groups, according to the level of perceived training difficulty. Those, who perceived training as difficult to exhausting (M=2,19, SD=0.50) were significantly higher than low to medium group (M=1.99, SD=0.47) in the perceived training load t(178)=-0.894, p=0.007. Those results extend our knowledge of overtraining topic and can be used in coaching practice to help identify athletes with higher risk of overtraining, or even prevent these states among young athletes before they occur. Hereby results suggest the importance of psychological aspects in sport preparation.
Objective: Of the many existing health models, models of health behavior are considered optimal for research and application as they focus on concrete forms of behavior that support, maintain, or undermine one's health, and they accentuate the individual as the initiator of this behavior. Research in this area follows a broad range of concrete partial manifestations of health behavior. Is it necessary to differentiate between various types of health behavior or could these partial manifestations be combined under one common scale? Methods: Data acquisition tool: Health-Related Behavior Scale (HRBS, 42 items). Data processing methods: principal component analysis (the internal structure of HRBS), confirmatory factor analysis (the latent factor structure of four tested models). Sample: N=1,664 adult respondents. Results: The HRBS described ten areas of health-related behavior (ten extracted factors). All tested models of latent structure showed almost identical mathematical and statistical values of the model. Conclusion: Health-related behavior includes a set of partial behaviors (behavior related to nutrition, addictive substances, movement, and physical exercises). An unambiguous latent factor structure has not been revealed. An open question remains whether there is one latent factor behind all health-related behaviors or whether there are multiple latent factors. The use of one or the other model should be deduced from the underlying theory and research objectives. To find a reliable model of health behavior, it is necessary to include moderators and mediators such as personality, attitude, or economic status.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The article introduces the issue of monitoring intensively training athletes who wish to avoid overtrai-ning and want their training to be as effective as possible. The current definitions of overreaching and overtraining are addressed, together with the summary of causes, development and prevention of such conditions. The focus of the article is on the overview of relevant diagnostic methods including the latest non-invasive biochemical methods. The complex approach to the selection of psychological and physiological methods to establish the degree of the internal load of athletes is emphasised. A three--degree concept of athlete monitoring according to the demandingness and periodicity of diagnostic methods usage is presented.
- Klíčová slova
- přetrénování,
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky a postupy klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody MeSH
- psychologické testy MeSH
- sportovci * MeSH
- sportovní výkon MeSH
- srdeční frekvence MeSH
- syndrom přetrénování MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- tělesná námaha * MeSH
- únava diagnóza etiologie klasifikace prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
