The article deals with and discusses two main approaches in building semantic structures for electrophysiological metadata. It is the use of conventional data structures, repositories, and programming languages on one hand and the use of formal representations of ontologies, known from knowledge representation, such as description logics or semantic web languages on the other hand. Although knowledge engineering offers languages supporting richer semantic means of expression and technological advanced approaches, conventional data structures and repositories are still popular among developers, administrators and users because of their simplicity, overall intelligibility, and lower demands on technical equipment. The choice of conventional data resources and repositories, however, raises the question of how and where to add semantics that cannot be naturally expressed using them. As one of the possible solutions, this semantics can be added into the structures of the programming language that accesses and processes the underlying data. To support this idea we introduced a software prototype that enables its users to add semantically richer expressions into a Java object-oriented code. This approach does not burden users with additional demands on programming environment since reflective Java annotations were used as an entry for these expressions. Moreover, additional semantics need not to be written by the programmer directly to the code, but it can be collected from non-programmers using a graphic user interface. The mapping that allows the transformation of the semantically enriched Java code into the Semantic Web language OWL was proposed and implemented in a library named the Semantic Framework. This approach was validated by the integration of the Semantic Framework in the EEG/ERP Portal and by the subsequent registration of the EEG/ERP Portal in the Neuroscience Information Framework.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Health Promotion MeSH
• Substance-Related Disorders prevention & control   therapy   MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Publication type
• Atlas MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• adiktologie
• NML Publication type
• publikace WHO

Investment in the behavioral change projects would not be possible without knowing their prerequisites and determinants including intention, moral norms, identity, and place attachment. Therefore, this study aimed at the determination of the effects of place attachment (PAT) (place dependence (PDE), place identity (PID), and place affect (PAF)) and farmers' identity (conservationist identity (CONID) and productivist identity (PROID)) on the moral norms of water conservation (MNWC) as well as the intention of water conservation (IWC) of the Iranian farmers. This was a descriptive-correlational and causal-relational study. The instrument of the study was a questionnaire completed using a cross-sectional survey and face-to-face interviews. Hence, a stratified random sampling method along with a proportionate allocation was used to select 380 farmers. The research findings indicated that the PAT (PDE, PID, and PAF) and CONID had significant positive effects on the MNWC. In addition, MNWC and CONID had significant positive effects on the IWC. However, PROID had a significant negative effect on the MNWC and IWC. In general, it was found that independent variables (PDE, PID, PAF, PROID, and CONID) could predict 39% and 53% of the variance of the MNWC and IWC variables, respectively. Moreover, the social-psychological framework of the study provides practitioners, decision-makers, policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders of the agricultural water management with useful practical and theoretical insights about the practices of behavior changes and social interventions. Finally, it is recommended that government decision-makers should further focus on the increased attractiveness of the rural and agricultural areas to increase PAT, MNWC, and IWC.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Morals MeSH
• Conservation of Water Resources * MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Intention MeSH
• Farmers * MeSH
• Agriculture MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Iran MeSH

• MeSH
• Ethics MeSH
• Data Interpretation, Statistical MeSH
• Quality of Life MeSH
• Disability Evaluation MeSH
• Social Justice MeSH
• Population Surveillance MeSH
• Health Status Indicators MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• demografie
• právo, zákonodárství
• NML Publication type
• publikace WHO

Current biological and chemical research is increasingly dependent on the reusability of previously acquired data, which typically come from various sources. Consequently, there is a growing need for database systems and databases stored in them to be interoperable with each other. One of the possible solutions to address this issue is to use systems based on Semantic Web technologies, namely on the Resource Description Framework (RDF) to express data and on the SPARQL query language to retrieve the data. Many existing biological and chemical databases are stored in the form of a relational database (RDB). Converting a relational database into the RDF form and storing it in a native RDF database system may not be desirable in many cases. It may be necessary to preserve the original database form, and having two versions of the same data may not be convenient. A solution may be to use a system mapping the relational database to the RDF form. Such a system keeps data in their original relational form and translates incoming SPARQL queries to equivalent SQL queries, which are evaluated by a relational-database system. This review compares different RDB-to-RDF mapping systems with a primary focus on those that can be used free of charge. In addition, it compares different approaches to expressing RDB-to-RDF mappings. The review shows that these systems represent a viable method providing sufficient performance. Their real-life performance is demonstrated on data and queries coming from the neXtProt project.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe the data structure and harmonisation process, explore data quality and define characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of patients across six federated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) registries. METHODS: Through creation of the vasculitis-specific Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable, VASCulitis ontology, we harmonised the registries and enabled semantic interoperability. We assessed data quality across the domains of uniqueness, consistency, completeness and correctness. Aggregated data were retrieved using the semantic query language SPARQL Protocol and Resource Description Framework Query Language (SPARQL) and outcome rates were assessed through random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5282 cases of AAV were identified. Uniqueness and data-type consistency were 100% across all assessed variables. Completeness and correctness varied from 49%-100% to 60%-100%, respectively. There were 2754 (52.1%) cases classified as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 1580 (29.9%) as microscopic polyangiitis and 937 (17.7%) as eosinophilic GPA. The pattern of organ involvement included: lung in 3281 (65.1%), ear-nose-throat in 2860 (56.7%) and kidney in 2534 (50.2%). Intravenous cyclophosphamide was used as remission induction therapy in 982 (50.7%), rituximab in 505 (17.7%) and pulsed intravenous glucocorticoid use was highly variable (11%-91%). Overall mortality and incidence rates of end-stage kidney disease were 28.8 (95% CI 19.7 to 42.2) and 24.8 (95% CI 19.7 to 31.1) per 1000 patient-years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the largest reported AAV cohort-study, we federated patient registries using semantic web technologies and highlighted concerns about data quality. The comparison of patient characteristics, treatment and outcomes was hampered by heterogeneous recruitment settings.

• MeSH
• Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis * drug therapy   epidemiology   complications   MeSH
• Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis * drug therapy   epidemiology   complications   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microscopic Polyangiitis * drug therapy   epidemiology   MeSH
• Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic MeSH
• Registries MeSH
• Data Accuracy MeSH
• Information Storage and Retrieval MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH

• MeSH
• Nursing MeSH
• Research MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• ošetřovatelství

• MeSH
• Bacteria classification   MeSH
• Bacteriology MeSH
• Proteobacteria MeSH
• Publication type
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Mikrobiologie
• NML Fields
• bakteriologie

• MeSH
• Information Systems MeSH
• Informatics MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Knihovnictví. Informatika
• NML Fields
• knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

OBJECTIVES: Smoking is the leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to provide the first national description of organizational capacity and involvement in tobacco control (TC) measures outlined by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) within the Czech Republic. METHODS: Data were collected in a national cross-sectional survey of all 14 organizations engaged in TC activities within the Czech Republic. Organizational capacity (defined as skills, supports, partnerships, resources, and leadership) to implement TC activities, and level of involvement in key FCTC measures were assessed and compared across organizations. RESULTS: Despite the high economic costs of tobacco use, few organizations were involved in TC activities. 50% of all organizations involved in TC activities were non-government or non-profit organizations. Less than one third of organizations reported having a sufficient number of staff or adequate funding to work effectively. Skills for chronic disease prevention (CDP) practice including assessment, identifying relevant practices, developing and implementing initiatives were rated more favourably than skills to evaluate these activities. Level of involvement was ranked highest for activities that focused on creation of smoke-free environments and lowest for activities that focused on raising taxes and sales to minors. Organizations tended to be more involved in individual, rather than population-level prevention strategies. Inadequate funding, insufficient number of staff dedicated to working on TC, and lack of political will were major barriers. CONCLUSIONS: This paper provides the first national description of organizational capacity and level of involvement in FCTC measures within the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• World Health Organization MeSH
• Nicotiana * MeSH
• Tobacco Products * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH