OBJECTIVES: There is a lot of variability between the results of studies reporting the pattern of gray matter volume changes in schizophrenia. Methodological issues may play an important role in this heterogeneity. The aim of the present study was to replicate the better performance of multivariate "source-based morphometry" (SBM) over the mass-univariate approach. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Voxel-based morphometry of Jacobian-modulated gray matter volume images, using voxel and cluster level inference, and SBM were performed in a group of first-episode schizophrenia patients (N = 49) and healthy controls (N = 127). RESULTS: Using SBM we were able to find a significant reduction of gray matter volume in fronto-temporo-cerebellar areas whereas no significant results were obtained using voxel-based morphometry. CONCLUSION: Multivariate analysis of gray matter volume seems to be a suitable method for characterization of the pattern of changes at the beginning of the illness in schizophrenia subjects. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek patologie   MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• nervová vlákna nemyelinizovaná patologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu metody   MeSH
• schizofrenie patologie   MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Objectives: To investigate spatial patterns of gray matter (GM) atrophy and their association with disability progression in patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) in a longitudinal setting. Methods: Brain MRI and clinical neurological assessments were obtained in 152 MS patients at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. Patients were classified into those with confirmed disability progression (CDP) (n = 85) and those without CDP (n = 67) at the end of the study. An optimized, longitudinal source-based morphometry (SBM) pipeline, which utilizes independent component analysis, was used to identify eight spatial patterns of common GM volume co-variation in a data-driven manner. GM volume at baseline and rates of change were compared between patients with CDP and those without CDP. Results: The identified patterns generally included structurally or functionally related GM regions. No significant differences were detected at baseline GM volume between the sub-groups. Over the follow-up, patients with CDP experienced a significantly greater rate of GM atrophy within two of the eight patterns, after correction for multiple comparisons (corrected p-values of 0.001 and 0.007). The patterns of GM atrophy associated with the development of CDP included areas involved in motor functioning and cognitive domains such as learning and memory. Conclusion: SBM analysis offers a novel way to study the temporal evolution of regional GM atrophy. Over 10 years of follow-up, disability progression in MS is related to GM atrophy in areas associated with motor and cognitive functioning.

• MeSH
• atrofie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci * MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• šedá hmota diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Déjà vu (DV) is a widespread, fascinating and mysterious human experience. It occurs both in health and in disease, notably as an aura of temporal lobe epilepsy. This feeling of inappropriate familiarity has attracted interest from psychologists and neuroscientists for over a century, but still there is no widely agreed explanation for the phenomenon of non-pathological DV. Here we investigated differences in brain morphology between healthy subjects with and without DV using a novel multivariate neuroimaging technique, Source-Based Morphometry. The analysis revealed a set of cortical (predominantly mesiotemporal) and subcortical regions in which there was significantly less gray matter in subjects reporting DV. In these regions gray matter volume was inversely correlated with the frequency of DV. Our results demonstrate a structural correlate of DV in healthy individuals for the first time and support a neurological explanation for the phenomenon. We hypothesis that the observed local gray matter decrease in subjects experiencing DV reflects an alteration of hippocampal function and postnatal neurogenesis with resulting changes of volume in remote brain regions.

• MeSH
• déja vu MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie temporálního laloku patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is characterized by profound and early deficits in social cognition (SC) and executive functions (EF). To date it remains unclear whether deficits of the respective cognitive domains are based on the degeneration of distinct brain regions. In 103 patients with a diagnosis of bvFTD (possible/probable/definite: N = 40/58/5) from the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) consortium Germany cohort (age 62.5±9.4 years, gender 38 female/65 male) we applied multimodal structural imaging, i.e. voxel-based morphometry, cortical thickness (CTH) and networks of structural covariance via source based morphometry. We cross-sectionally investigated associations with performance in a modified Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET; reflective of theory of mind - ToM) and five different tests reflective of EF (i.e. Hamasch-Five-Point Test, semantic and phonemic Fluency, Trail Making Test, Stroop interference). Finally, we investigated the conjunction of RMET correlates with functional networks commonly associated with SC respectively ToM and EF as extracted meta-analytically within the Neurosynth database. RMET performance was mainly associated with gray matter volume (GMV) and CTH within temporal and insular cortical regions and less within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), whereas EF performance was mainly associated with prefrontal regions (GMV and CTH). Overlap of RMET and EF associations was primarily located within the insula, adjacent subcortical structures (i.e. putamen) and the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC). These patterns were more pronounced after adjustment for the respective other cognitive domain. Corroborative results were obtained in analyses of structural covariance networks. Overlap of RMET with meta-analytically extracted functional networks commonly associated with SC, ToM and EF was again primarily located within the temporal and insular region and the dlPFC. In addition, on a meta-analytical level, strong associations were found for temporal cortical RMET correlates with SC and ToM in particular. These data indicate a temporo-frontal dissociation of bvFTD related disturbances of ToM and EF, with atrophy of the anterior temporal lobe being critically involved in ToM deficits. The consistent overlap within the insular cortex may be attributable to the multimodal and integrative role of this region in socioemotional and cognitive processing.

• MeSH
• exekutivní funkce * fyziologie   MeSH
• frontotemporální demence * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální kognice MeSH
• teorie mysli * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Imaging methods based on light detection are being increasingly used for the non-invasive assessment of tumour growth in animal models. In contrast with bioluminescence imaging, there are no studies assessing the use of macroscopic fluorescence imaging for the longitudinal monitoring of tumour growth in an orthotopic glioma mouse model. Glioma cells expressing the red-shifted fluorescent protein mKate2 were orthotopically implanted to NOD-rag mice and the tumour size estimated by macroscopic fluorescence imaging was compared to the tumour volume determined morphometrically. There was no significant correlation between the data obtained by non-invasive macroscopic fluorescence imaging and post mortem morphometry. In addition, the fluorescence imaging failed to detect a morphometrically verified difference in tumour volume between animals with tumours expressing a potential tumour suppressor gene and controls. The fluorescence signal was affected by the spatial pattern of tumour growth and substantially attenuated by the interfering brain tissue. Our results indicate that the fluorescence signal emitted by glioma cells reflected not only the tumour mass, but also its spatial distribution. Macroscopic planar FLI in an epi-illumination mode and a conventional source of excitation light therefore appears to be more suitable for semi-quantitative assessment of the tumour growth especially in the case of superficially located tumours rather than for precise volume estimation of the xenografts located deep within the brain tissue.

• MeSH
• diagnostické zobrazování metody   metody   MeSH
• fluorescence MeSH
• gliom diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• optická tomografie metody   MeSH
• transplantace nádorů MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Cortical changes associated with cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not fully explored and require investigations with established diagnostic classification criteria. OBJECTIVE: We used MRI source-based morphometry to evaluate specific differences in grey matter volume patterns across 4 groups of subjects: healthy controls (HC), PD with normal cognition (PD-NC), PD with mild cognitive impairment (MCI-PD) and PD with dementia (PDD). METHODS: We examined 151 consecutive subjects: 25 HC, 75 PD-NC, 29 MCI-PD, and 22 PDD at an Italian and Czech movement disorder centre. Operational diagnostic criteria were applied to classify MCI-PD and PDD. All structural MRI images were processed together in the Czech centre. The spatial independent component analysis was used to assess group differences of local grey matter volume. RESULTS: We identified two independent patterns of grey matter volume deviations: a) Reductions in the hippocampus and temporal lobes; b) Decreases in fronto-parietal regions and increases in the midbrain/cerebellum. Both patterns differentiated PDD from all other groups and correlated with visuospatial deficits and letter verbal fluency, respectively. Only the second pattern additionally differentiated PD-NC from HC. CONCLUSION: Grey matter changes in PDD involve areas associated with Alzheimer-like pathology while fronto-parietal abnormalities are possibly an early marker of PD cognitive decline. These findings are consistent with a non-linear cognitive progression in PD.

• MeSH
• demence komplikace   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• hipokampus patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce komplikace   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mezencefalon patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• mozeček patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace   patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spánkový lalok patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• temenní lalok patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Using MRI, a characteristic pattern of grey matter (GM) atrophy has been described in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD); GM patterns at different stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been inconclusive. Few studies have directly compared structural changes in groups with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) caused by different pathologies (AD, PD). We used several analytical methods to determine GM changes at different stages of both PD and AD. We also evaluated associations between GM changes and cognitive measurements. Altogether 144 subjects were evaluated: PD with normal cognition (PD-NC; n = 23), PD with MCI (PD-MCI; n = 24), amnestic MCI (aMCI; n = 27), AD (n = 12), and age-matched healthy controls (HC; n = 58). All subjects underwent structural MRI and cognitive examination. GM volumes were analysed using two different techniques: voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and source-based morphometry (SBM), which is a multivariate method. In addition, cortical thickness (CT) was evaluated to assess between-group differences in GM. The cognitive domain z-scores were correlated with GM changes in individual patient groups. GM atrophy in the anterior and posterior cingulate, as measured by VBM, in the temporo-fronto-parietal component, as measured by SBM, and in the posterior cortical regions as well as in the anterior cingulate and frontal region, as measured by CT, differentiated aMCI from HC. Major hippocampal and temporal lobe atrophy (VBM, SBM) and to some extent occipital atrophy (SBM) differentiated AD from aMCI and from HC. Correlations with cognitive deficits were present only in the AD group. PD-MCI showed greater GM atrophy than PD-NC in the orbitofrontal regions (VBM), which was related to memory z-scores, and in the left superior parietal lobule (CT); more widespread limbic and fronto-parieto-occipital neocortical atrophy (all methods) differentiated this group from HC. Only CT revealed subtle GM atrophy in the anterior cingulate, precuneus, and temporal neocortex in PD-NC as compared to HC. None of the methods differentiated PD-MCI from aMCI. Both MCI groups showed distinct limbic and fronto-temporo-parietal neocortical atrophy compared to HC with no specific between-group differences. AD subjects displayed a typical pattern of major temporal lobe atrophy which was associated with deficits in all cognitive domains. VBM and CT were more sensitive than SBM in identifying frontal and posterior cortical atrophy in PD-MCI as compared to PD-NC. Our data support the notion that the results of studies using different analytical methods cannot be compared directly. Only CT measures revealed some subtle differences between HC and PD-NC.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   psychologie   MeSH
• atrofie patologie   MeSH
• hipokampus patologie   MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce patologie   MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mastektomie MeSH
• mozek patologie   MeSH
• paměť MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   psychologie   MeSH
• šedá hmota diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spánkový lalok patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising tool to study and modulate brain plasticity. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the effects of rTMS on cognitive functions in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (MCI/AD) and assess the effect of gray matter (GM) atrophy on stimulation outcomes. METHODS: Twenty MCI/AD patients participated in the proof-of-concept controlled study. Each patient received three sessions of 10 Hz rTMS of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), and the vertex (VTX, a control stimulation site) in a randomized order. Cognitive functions were tested prior to and immediately after each session. The GM volumetric data of patients were: 1) compared to healthy controls (HC) using source-based morphometry; 2) correlated with rTMS-induced cognitive improvement. RESULTS: The effect of the stimulated site on the difference in cognitive scores was statistically significant for the Word part of the Stroop test (ST-W, p = 0.012, linear mixed models). As compared to the VTX stimulation, patients significantly improved after both IFG and STG stimulation in this cognitive measure. MCI/AD patients had significant GM atrophy in characteristic brain regions as compared to HC (p = 0.029, Bonferroni corrected). The amount of atrophy correlated with the change in ST-W scores after rTMS of the STG. CONCLUSION: rTMS enhanced cognitive functions in MCI/AD patients. We demonstrated for the first time that distinct pattern of GM atrophy in MCI/AD diminishes the cognitive effects induced by rTMS of the temporal neocortex.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc komplikace   MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy * etiologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozková kůra fyziologie   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
• šedá hmota patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transkraniální magnetická stimulace metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Předkládaný projekt navrhuje vytvořit software využitelný v klinické praxi při počítačové diagnostice neuropsychiatrických poruch z obrazů mozku pořízených magnetickou rezonancí (MR). Projekt vychází ze zkušeností s pokročilou analýzou MR obrazů včetně hodnocení morfologie mozku pacientů s první epizodou schizofrenie. Autorizovaný software - hlavní předmět předkládaného projektu - bude spojovat metody zpracování a analýzy obrazů mozku s pokročilými algoritmy strojového učení pro predikci, klasifikaci a rozpoznávání. Vznikne tak nový prostředek pro analýzu obrazových dat, který přiblíží zobrazovací metody klinické praxi v psychiatrii, umožní objektivní diagnostiku, která je v současné praxi založena na subjektivním hodnocení klinicky patrných změn psychických funkcí a chování. Metodika řešení projektu zahrnuje jednak vývoj metod zaměřených na popis obrazů s důrazem na využití automatických morfometrických metod a dále vývoj klasifikátorů využívajících příznakového popisu z různých datových zdrojů.; The project proposes to develop software usable in clinical practice for computer aided diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disorders from MR images of brain. It is based on experience with advanced analysis of MR images, including assessment of brain morphology in the first episode of schizophrenia. Authorized software - the main subject of the proposed project - will combine methods for image processing and analysis with advanced machine learning algorithms for prediction, classification and recognition. This will provide a new tool for analyzing image data, which will bring medical imaging closer to the clinical psychiatry by making diagnosis objective, which is in the current practice based on subjective evaluation of clinically evident changes in mental function and behavior. The methodology includes the development of algorithms aimed at the description of the images with the use of automated morphometry as well as the development of classifiers using features extracted from various data sources.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• morfologické a mikroskopické nálezy MeSH
• mozek MeSH
• multimodální zobrazování MeSH
• neuroanatomie MeSH
• neuropsychiatrie MeSH
• neurovědy MeSH
• pozorovací studie jako téma MeSH
• rozpoznávání automatizované MeSH
• schizofrenie diagnóza   MeSH
• strojové učení MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• neurologie
• neurovědy
• psychiatrie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR