Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) show deficits in motor-cognitive coupling. However, it remains unclear whether such deficits depend on the severity of DCD. The aim of this study was to examine cognitive-motor coupling under different levels of inhibitory control in children with severe (s-DCD) or moderate DCD (m-DCD), compared with typically-developing children (TDC). The performance of 29 primary-school children aged 6-12 years with s-DCD (Mage = 9.12 ± 1.56 years), 53 m-DCD (Mage = 8.78 ± 1.67 years), and 201 TDC (Mage = 9.20 ± 1.50 years) was compared on a double jump reaching task (DJRT) paradigm, presented on a large 42-inch touchscreen. The task display had a circular home-base, centred at the bottom of the display, and three target locations at radials of -20°, 0°, and 20°, 40 cm above the home-base circle. For the standard double-jump reaching task (DJRT), children moved their index finger from home-base circle to touch the target stimulus as fast as possible; 20% were jump trials where the target shifted left or right at lift-off. For the anti-jump reaching task (AJRT), 20% of trials required an anti-jump movement, touching the contralateral target location. While no group differences were shown on the DJRT, the DCD group were slower to complete reaching movements than the TDC group on AJRT; on the latter, the two DCD sub-groups were not shown to differ. Results confirm the presence of motor inhibition deficits in DCD which may not be dependent on the motor severity of the disorder.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

OBJECTIVE: We investigated cognitive task-related functional connectivity (FC) in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Using a visual three-stimulus paradigm (VTSP), we studied cognitive large-scale networks and the impact of TLE on connectivity outside the temporal lobe. METHODS: High-density electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during the paradigm from nineteen patients with epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and ten healthy controls (HCs). Scalp data were reconstructed into the source space, and FC was computed. Correlating with the neuropsychological data, possible compensatory mechanisms were investigated. RESULTS: Significant changes were found in the FC of regions outside the epileptogenic network, particularly in the attentional network. These changes were more widespread in left TLE (LTLE). There were no significant differences in task performance (accuracy, time response) in comparison with HCs, implying that there must be some mechanism reducing the impact of connectivity changes on brain functions. When correlated with neuropsychological data, we found stronger compensatory mechanisms in right TLE (RTLE). SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings confirm the hypothesis that LTLE is the more pervasive form of the disease. Even though the network alterations in TLE are severe, some mechanisms reduce the impact of epilepsy on cognitive functions; these mechanisms are more potent in RTLE. We also suggest that there are maladaptive mechanisms in LTLE.

• MeSH
• Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe * complications   MeSH
• Functional Laterality MeSH
• Cognition MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging MeSH
• Brain Mapping MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

BACKGROUND: The event-related potentials technique is widely used in cognitive neuroscience research. The P300 waveform has been explored in many research articles because of its wide applications, such as lie detection or brain-computer interfaces (BCI). However, very few datasets are publicly available. Therefore, most researchers use only their private datasets for their analysis. This leads to minimally comparable results, particularly in brain-computer research interfaces. Here we present electroencephalography/event-related potentials (EEG/ERP) data. The data were obtained from 20 healthy subjects and was acquired using an odd-ball hardware stimulator. The visual stimulation was based on a three-stimulus paradigm and included target, non-target and distracter stimuli. The data and collected metadata are shared in the EEG/ERP Portal. FINDINGS: The paper also describes the process and validation results of the presented data. The data were validated using two different methods. The first method evaluated the data by measuring the percentage of artifacts. The second method tested if the expectation of the experimental results was fulfilled (i.e., if the target trials contained the P300 component). The validation proved that most datasets were suitable for subsequent analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The presented datasets together with their metadata provide researchers with an opportunity to study the P300 component from different perspectives. Furthermore, they can be used for BCI research.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Fear and anxiety are complex behaviors that represent responses to environmental threats. There is a different between these two behaviors, fear is a response to a real or clearly identifiable threat and functions to remove the individual from a harmful situation. In contrast, anxiety is a preparation response for future possible danger and often proceeds in the absence of a truly threatening stimulus. Our current understanding of the neurobiology of fear and anxiety centers lar- gely on three interrelated systems: the amygdala, the HPA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal gland) axis, and neuromodulators (e.g., serotonin). Fear and anxiety stimuli selectively activated serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, which then project into the amygdala and the hypothalamic portion of the HPA axis. Combining functional imaging with genomic analysis, researchers have associated a short allele of the promoter (5-HTTLPR) for the human serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) with anxiety-related personality traits, for example, fear condition-ability. Individuals carrying one or two copies of the truncated version of SLC6A4 exhibit reduced serotonin signaling and, intere- stingly, greater amygdala aktivity and higher anxiety during exposure. Thera are also few morfological findings, attention is directed toward the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the interaction it has with the amygdala as this circuit has crucial roles in both the acquisition and the extinction of fear associations. Recent findings on rodents and nonhuman primates report that modifying plasticity in the mPFC alters fear and affects extinction, suggesting that targeting plasticity in the mPFC could constitute a therapeutic tool for the treatment of anxiety disorders.

• Publication type
• Meeting Abstract MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the oscillatory changes during target and distractor stimuli processing. We focused mainly on responses after distractor stimuli in the prefrontal cortex and their possible relation to our previous results from the basal ganglia. METHODS: Five epilepsy surgery candidates with implanted depth electrodes performed a three-stimulus paradigm. The frequent stimulus (70%; without required response) was a small blue circle, the target stimulus (15%; with motor response) was a larger blue circle, and the distractor stimulus (15%; without required response) was a checkerboard. The SEEG signals from 404 electrode contacts were analysed using event-related de/synchronization (ERD/S) methodology. RESULTS: The main response to the target stimuli was ERD in the alpha and low beta bands, predominantly in the motor control areas, parietal cortex and hippocampus. The distractor stimuli were generally accompanied by an early theta frequency band power increase most markedly in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Different ERD/S patterns underline attentional shifting to rare target ("go") and distractor ("no-go") stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE: As an increase in lower frequency band power is considered to be a correlate of active inhibition, the prefrontal structures seem to be essential for inhibition of non-required movements.

• MeSH
• Alpha Rhythm physiology   MeSH
• Beta Rhythm physiology   MeSH
• Biological Clocks physiology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Electroencephalography * MeSH
• Epilepsy physiopathology   MeSH
• Evoked Potentials physiology   MeSH
• Cognition physiology   MeSH
• Cortical Synchronization physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Models, Neurological * MeSH
• Prefrontal Cortex physiology   MeSH
• Psychomotor Performance physiology   MeSH
• Photic Stimulation methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

• MeSH
• Behavior MeSH
• Psychology, Applied MeSH
• Publication type
• Monograph MeSH

• Conspectus
• Psychologie
• NML Fields
• psychologie, klinická psychologie