Male infertility is a worldwide problem associated with genetic background, environmental factors, and diseases. One of the suspected contributing factors to male infertility is diabetes mellitus. We investigated the molecular and morphological changes in sperms and testicular tissue of diabetic males. The study was performed in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mouse model. Diabetes decreased sperm concentration and viability and increased sperm apoptosis. Changes in protamine 1/protamine 2 ratio indicated reduced sperm quality. The testicular tissue of diabetic males showed significant tissue damage, disruption of meiotic progression, and changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins important for spermiogenesis. Paternal diabetes altered sperm quality and expression pattern in the testes in offspring of two subsequent generations. Our study revealed that paternal diabetes increased susceptibility to infertility in offspring through gametic alternations. Our data also provide a mechanistic basis for transgenerational inheritance of diabetes-associated pathologies since protamines may be involved in epigenetic regulations.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu komplikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
• meióza MeSH
• mužská infertilita etiologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• protaminy metabolismus   MeSH
• spermatogeneze MeSH
• spermie metabolismus   MeSH
• testis metabolismus   MeSH
• typy dědičnosti * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Sledování lidských rodů je složitou součástí psychologického zkoumání. Projekt Vyhnání, vykořenění a změna životní linie – mezigenerační studie se zabývá psychologickými dopady aktu zvůle komunistické tajné policie v Československu, tzv. akce Asanace. Projekt navazuje na kumulující se zkušenost s transgeneračním traumatem. Zaměřuje se na generaci přímých účastníků, disidentů, kteří byli nuceni opustit svoji zem v letech 1977–1984, dále na potomky – druhou a třetí generaci, kteří v některých případech žijí v zahraničí. Pomocí čtyř druhů metod (fokusové skupiny, hloubkové rozhovory, dotazníkové metody, modifikovaný Stroopův test) se snaží porozumět transgenerační transmisi traumatu, zkoumá vedle traumatické situace také resilienci a posttraumatický růst. Zajímáme se o to, jak se traumatická situace transformuje v průběhu let, co přináší do pokračující rodové linie. Vedle standardních výzkumných článků plánují autoři také shrnující monografii na toto téma.

Tracking the family lineage is a complicated part of psychological research. The project titled Expulsion, uprooting, and change of lifeline-intergenerational study investigates the psychological impact of the communist secret police terror in Czechoslovakia (so-called Action “Asanace”), following the cumulation of research and therapeutic experience with transgenerational trauma. It focuses on the generation of the primary victims, dissidents forced to leave their homeland between 1977–84, as well as the 2nd and 3rd generation of their offspring, some of whom live abroad. It aims to understand the transition of trauma, resilience, and posttraumatic growth using several methods (focus groups, in-depth interviews, surveys, Modified Stroop Test). We shall examine transformations of the traumatic situation in time and its aftermath in the family lineage. Besides standard research papers, the authors plan a monograph.

• Klíčová slova
• akce Asanace,
• MeSH
• dějinné trauma * psychologie   MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• komunismus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Children of parents with a mental illness are at high risk of developing a mental disorder as a result of transgenerational transmission. Without effective intervention, they could form the next generation of psychiatric patients. ChildTalks+ is a preventive intervention involving four structured psychoeducational sessions designed for parents affected by a mental disorder and their children. Its aim is to reduce the risk of mental disorders in children of parents with mental illness. This study draws on our clinical practice and involves a group of patients with eating disorders. The aim of the project, which will run in the Czech Republic, is to evaluate the effectiveness of ChildTalks+ methodology. METHODS: ChildTalks+ therapists (professionals from health, social, and educational facilities) will recruit 66 families where a parent is treated for a mental disorder and the family includes children aged 6-18. Paired allocation into an intervention group (N = 33) and a control group (N = 33) will be based on the number of risk factors identified in the family. Both groups will complete questionnaires at the baseline, post-test, and follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. The intervention group will receive the ChildTalks+ intervention within 2 months of the baseline assessment; the control group after the last assessment. Questionnaires will be completed by parents and children aged 12+ and, in two cases, 15+ years. Quantitative data will be supplemented with qualitative data from ChildTalks+ therapists working with patients with eating disorders. DISCUSSION: The ChildTalks+ intervention is expected to strengthen parenting competencies and family protective factors, improve family communication, increase awareness of parental mental health issues, and improve the wellbeing of children of parents with mental illness with long-term sustainable outcomes. The study should contribute to the evidence base for the ChildTalks+ program and help identify key themes in the implementation of similar preventive interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05554458. Registered 26 September 2022. Retrospectively registered.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• klinické zkoušky kontrolované jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy příjmu potravy * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rodiče * psychologie   MeSH
• rodičovství psychologie   MeSH
• výzkumný projekt MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• protokol klinické studie MeSH

Methoxychlor (MXC) and vinclozolin (VIN) are well-recognized endocrine disrupting chemicals known to alter epigenetic regulations and transgenerational inheritance; however, non-endocrine disruption endpoints are also important. Thus, we determined the effects of MXC and VIN on the dysregulation of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in WB-F344 rat liver epithelial cells. Both chemicals induced a rapid dysregulation of GJIC at non-cytotoxic doses, with 30 min EC50 values for GJIC inhibition being 10 µM for MXC and 126 µM for VIN. MXC inhibited GJIC for at least 24 h, while VIN effects were transient and GJIC recovered after 4 h. VIN induced rapid hyperphosphorylation and internalization of gap junction protein connexin43, and both chemicals also activated MAPK ERK1/2 and p38. Effects on GJIC were not prevented by MEK1/2 inhibitor, but by an inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC), resveratrol, and in the case of VIN, also, by a p38 inhibitor. Estrogen (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) modulators (estradiol, ICI 182,780, HPTE, testosterone, flutamide, VIN M2) did not attenuate MXC or VIN effects on GJIC. Our data also indicate that the effects were elicited by the parental compounds of MXC and VIN. Our study provides new evidence that MXC and VIN dysregulate GJIC via mechanisms involving rapid activation of PC-PLC occurring independently of ER- or AR-dependent genomic signaling. Such alterations of rapid intercellular and intracellular signaling events involved in regulations of gene expression, tissue development, function and homeostasis, could also contribute to transgenerational epigenetic effects of endocrine disruptors.

• MeSH
• androgenní receptory metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• insekticidy toxicita   MeSH
• játra cytologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• kmenové buňky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• konexin 43 metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• MAP kinasový signální systém účinky léků   MeSH
• methoxychlor toxicita   MeSH
• mezerový spoj účinky léků   MeSH
• mezibuněčná komunikace účinky léků   MeSH
• mitogenem aktivované proteinkinasy p38 metabolismus   MeSH
• oxazoly toxicita   MeSH
• potkani inbrední F344 MeSH
• receptory pro estrogeny metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), one of the major pregnancy-related complications, characterized as a transitory form of diabetes induced by insulin resistance accompanied by a low/absent pancreatic beta-cell compensatory adaptation to the increased insulin demand, causes the acute, long-term, and transgenerational health complications. The aim of the study was to assess if alterations in gene expression of microRNAs associated with diabetes/cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases are present in whole peripheral blood of children aged 3-11 years descending from GDM complicated pregnancies. A substantially altered microRNA expression profile was found in children descending from GDM complicated pregnancies. Almost all microRNAs with the exception of miR-92a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-210-3p were upregulated. The microRNA expression profile also differed between children after normal and GDM complicated pregnancies in relation to the presence of overweight/obesity, prehypertension/hypertension, and/or valve problems and heart defects. Always, screening based on the combination of microRNAs was superior over using individual microRNAs, since at 10.0% false positive rate it was able to identify a large proportion of children with an aberrant microRNA expression profile (88.14% regardless of clinical findings, 75.41% with normal clinical findings, and 96.49% with abnormal clinical findings). In addition, the higher incidence of valve problems and heart defects was found in children with a prior exposure to GDM. The extensive file of predicted targets of all microRNAs aberrantly expressed in children descending from GDM complicated pregnancies indicates that a large group of these genes is involved in ontologies of diabetes/cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases. In general, children with a prior exposure to GDM are at higher risk of later development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular diseases, and would benefit from dispensarisation as well as implementation of primary prevention strategies.

• MeSH
• cerebrovaskulární poruchy etiologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• gestační diabetes epidemiologie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci etiologie   MeSH
• komplikace diabetu komplikace   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikro RNA genetika   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The incidence of metabolic syndrome increases in the developed countries, therefore biomedical research is focused on the understanding of its etiology. The study of exact mechanisms is very complicated because both genetic and environmental factors contribute to this complex disease. The ability of environmental factors to promote phenotype changes by epigenetic DNA modifications (i.e. DNA methylation, histone modifications) was demonstrated to play an important role in the development and predisposition to particular symptoms of metabolic syndrome. There is no doubt that the early life, such as the fetal and perinatal periods, is critical for metabolic syndrome development and therefore critical for prevention of this disease. Moreover, these changes are visible not only in individuals exposed to environmental factors but also in the subsequent progeny for multiple generations and this phenomenon is called transgenerational inheritance. The knowledge of molecular mechanisms, by which early minor environmental stimuli modify the expression of genetic information, might be the desired key for the understanding of mechanisms leading to the change of phenotype in adulthood. This review provides a short overview of metabolic syndrome epigenetics.

• MeSH
• epigeneze genetická genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci metabolismus   MeSH
• typy dědičnosti genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Background: Předmětem této studie bylo zkoumání obranných mechanismů ega a obranných stylů u klientů se syndromem závislosti na alkoholu za účelem možného využití zjištěných výsledků v klinické praxi, zejména diagnostice a psychoterapii. Na základě studia zkoumané problematiky bylo formulováno pět hypotéz, jež postihovaly i vztah užívaných obran s pohlavím, věkem, pracovní situací a rodinným stavem, které byly následně ověřovány. Metody: Tato stude je koncipována jako kvantitativní výzkum. Za základní metodu sběru dat jsme zvolili poslední verzi dotazníku obranných stylů Defense Style Questionnaire 40 (DSQ 40). Soubor: Na základě prahového výběru byl tímto nástrojem vyšetřen výzkumný vzorek (n=60) klientů s diagnostikovaným syndromem závislosti na alkoholu (F10.2 dle MKN-10), jež zároveň odpovídal dalším námi stanoveným kritériím. Výsledky: Bivariační rozdílová analýza prokázala statisticky významnou spojitost závislosti na alkoholu u žen s mechanismy Idealizace, Projekce, Devalvace a Izolace afektu, zatímco u mužů s mechanismy Suprese a Izolace afektu. Nebyla potvrzena spojitost mezi tímto syndromem a určitým obranným stylem. Výsledky odpovídají psychogenní etiologii tohoto problému u žen a poukazují na možnou spojitost s neurotickou poruchou, depresivní poruchou, hraniční a narcistickou poruchou osobnosti. U mužů je možné očekávat možnou spojitost mezi mechanismy Izolace afektu a antisociální poruchou osobnosti. Analýza výsledků dle klasifikace obranných mechanismů v rámci DSM-IV nabízí zajímavé úhly pohledu na zkoumanou problematiku a četné interpretace funkce obranného fungování vysvětlující např. otázky častější prevalence zneužívání a otázku co-dependence u žen alkoholiček, facilitaci transgeneračního přenosu a agresivní a antisociální chování u mužů.

Background: The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the Ego defense mechanisms and defense styles in alcohol-dependent patients in order to possibly use these results in a clinical practice, particularly in diagnostics and psychotherapy. On the bases of the study of this problem five hypothesis concerning also the relationship between Ego defense mechanisms and sex, age, work situation and marital status were defined and tested. Methods: This study was designed as a quantitative exploratory study. The last version of Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ 40) was chosen as a main collecting data method. Sample: On the basis of threshold method of selection was the above questionnaire used to examine a sample of subjects (n=60) with an alcoholdependence diagnosis (F10.2 from ICD 10) complying our additional criteria. Results: Bivariate correlation analyses yielded these results: the alcohol-dependence in women was correlated with mechanisms Idealization, Projection, Devaluation and Isolation of affect, whereas in men with mechanisms Suppression and Isolation of affect. There was no relation between this syndrome and certain defense style approved. These results confirmed the psychogonical etiology of the above problem in women and suggest the connections with neurotic, depressive disorder, borderline and narcissistic personality disorder. In men, the possible connection between the mechanisms Isolation of affect and antisocial personality disorder is expected. The results of analysis according to DSM-IV classification of Ego defense mechanisms suggest interesting aspects of the examined problem and numerous interpretations of defense structure functioning giving an explanation e.g. to more frequent prevalence of abuse and co-dependence problem frequently observed in women, transgenerational transfer and aggressive or antisocial behaviour in men.

• MeSH
• alkoholové delirium prevence a kontrola   psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obranné mechanismy MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

• MeSH
• duševní zdraví MeSH
• psychiatrie výchova   MeSH
• služby péče o duševní zdraví MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• veřejné zdravotnictví

Metabolic syndrome is a prevalent disease resulting from an interplay of genomic component and the exposome. Parental diet has been shown to affect offspring metabolic health via multiple epigenetic mechanisms. Excess carbohydrate intake is one of the driving forces of the obesity and metabolic syndrome pandemics. This review summarizes the evidence for the effects of maternal carbohydrate (fructose, sucrose, glucose) overnutrition on the modulation of metabolic syndrome components in the offspring. Despite substantial discrepancies in experimental design, common effects of maternal carbohydrate overnutrition include increased body weight and hepatic lipid content of the "programmed" offspring. However, the administration of sucrose to several rat models leads to apparently favorable metabolic outcomes. Moreover, there is evidence for the role of genomic background in modulating the metabolic programming effect in the form of nutri-epigenomic interaction. Comprehensive, robust studies are needed to resolve the temporal, sex-specific, genetic, epigenetic and nutritional aspects of parental overnutrition in the intergenerational and transgenerational pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.

• MeSH
• fruktosa MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * genetika   MeSH
• nadměrná výživa * komplikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• rodiče MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice * metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Spermatogenesis starts with the onset of puberty within the seminiferous epithelium of the testes. It is a complex process under intricate control of the endocrine system. Physiological regulations by steroid hormones in general and by estrogens in particular are due to their chemical nature prone to be disrupted by exogenous factors acting as endocrine disruptors (EDs). 17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE2) is an environmental pollutant with a confirmed ED activity and a well-known effect on spermatogenesis and chromatin remodeling in haploid germ cells. The aim of our study was to assess possible effects of two doses (2.5ng/ml; 2.5 μg/ml) of EE2 on both histone-to-protamine exchange and epigenetic profiles during spermatogenesis performing a multi/transgenerational study in mice. Our results demonstrated an impaired histone-to-protamine exchange with a significantly higher histone retention in sperm nuclei of exposed animals, when this process was accompanied by the changes of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) abundancies with a prominent effect on H3K9Ac and partial changes in protamine 1 promoter methylation status. Furthermore, individual changes in molecular phenotypes were partially transmitted to subsequent generations, when no direct trans-generational effect was observed. Finally, the uncovered specific localization of the histone retention in sperm nuclei and their specific PTMs profile after EE2 exposure may indicate an estrogenic effect on sperm motility and early embryonic development via epigenetic mechanisms.

• MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• epigeneze genetická * účinky léků   MeSH
• ethinylestradiol * farmakologie   MeSH
• histony * metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• posttranslační úpravy proteinů účinky léků   MeSH
• protaminy * metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• spermatogeneze * účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• spermie účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• testis * účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH