Haploporus species have a worldwide distribution and 27 species have been accepted. In this study, two new species, Haploporuscrystallinus and H.dextrinoideus, are proposed from South America, based on the molecular fragments (ITS, LSU and mtSSU) and morphological evidence. Molecular clock analysis was performed and the result suggests that the ancestor of Polyporales originated between the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous period, with a mean stem of 159.8 Mya [95% higher posterior density (HPD) of 142.4-184.1 Mya] and the genus Haploporus occurred at a mean stem of 108.3 Mya (95% HPD of 88.5-128.2 Mya). In addition, most species of the genus are diversified between 60.5 Mya and 1.8 Mya, during the Paleogene to Neogene. A key to the accepted species of the genus Haploporus is provided.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

A promoter can be regulated by various cis-acting elements so that delineation of the regulatory modes among them may help understand developmental, environmental and genetic mechanisms in gene activity. Here we report that the human dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3 carries a 5' distal 5-kb super enhancer (5KSE) which upregulated the promoter by 5-fold. Interestingly, 5KSE is able to prevent 3' downstream variable number tandem repeats (3'VNTRs) from silencing the promoter. This new enhancer consists of a 5'VNTR and three repetitive sub-elements that are conserved in primates. Two of 5KSE's sub-elements, E-9.7 and E-8.7, upregulate the promoter, but only the later could continue doing so in the presence of 3'VNTRs. Finally, E-8.7 is activated by novel dopaminergic transcription factors including SRP54 and Nfe2l1. Together, these results reveal a multimodal regulatory mechanism in SLC6A3.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická transkripce * MeSH
• haplotypy genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• minisatelitní repetice genetika   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) * MeSH
• proteiny přenášející dopamin přes plazmatickou membránu genetika   MeSH
• transkripční faktory metabolismus   MeSH
• zesilovače transkripce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• fluoridy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• hormony štítné žlázy analýza   krev   MeSH
• jodidy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nemoci štítné žlázy patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that vasorelaxing action of vasonatrin peptide (VNP) is due to activation of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channel (BKCa) via guanylyl cyclase (GC)-coupled natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Contraction experiments were performed using human radial artery, whereas BKCa current by patch clamp was recorded in cells from rat mesenteric artery. Contractility of rings cut from human radial artery was detected in vitro. As a result, VNP induced a dose-dependent vasorelaxation of human radial artery, which could be mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP, and suppressed by TEA, a blocker of BKCa, HS-142-1, a blocker of GC-coupled NPRs, or methylene blue (MB), a selective inhibitor of guanylyl cyclase. Sequentially, whole-cell K+ currents were recorded using patch clamp techniques. BKCa current of VSMCs isolated from rat mesentery artery was obtained by subtracting the whole cell currents after applications of 10-7 mol/l iberiotoxin (IBX) from before its applications. In accordance with the results of arterial tension detection, BKCa current was significantly magnified by VNP, which could also be mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP, whereas suppressed by HS-142-1, or MB. Taken together, VNP acts as a potent vasodilator, and NPRA/B-cGMP-BKCa is one possible signaling system involved in VNP induced relaxation.

• MeSH
• arteria radialis cytologie   fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• arteriae mesentericae cytologie   fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• atriální natriuretický faktor farmakologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• guanosinmonofosfát cyklický analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• guanylátcyklasa fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metoda terčíkového zámku MeSH
• peptidy farmakologie   MeSH
• receptory natriuretického síňového faktoru fyziologie   MeSH
• svaly hladké cévní cytologie   fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• techniky in vitro MeSH
• tetraethylamonium farmakologie   MeSH
• vápníkem aktivované draslíkové kanály s vysokou vodivostí agonisté   fyziologie   MeSH
• vazodilatace fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Ticks are important vectors of various pathogens that cause infectious diseases in humans. Endosymbiotic bacteria have been explored as targets for tick and tick-borne disease control. However, the tick bacterial community on Hainan Island, which is the largest tropical island in China and has an environment favourable to ticks, has not yet been studied. In this study, we surveyed the bacterial community of ticks collected from grass in one village in Haikou. A total of 20 ticks were morphologically and molecularly identified as Haemaphysalis spp. The tick bacterial 16S rRNA hypervariable region amplicon libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 10 possible bacterial genera were detected, indicating a low-diversity bacterial community profile. The dominant bacterial genus, Massilia, accounted for 97.85% of the population. Some other bacterial genera, including Arsenophonus and Pseudomonas, have been reported to play a role in tick development and tick-borne pathogen transmission in other tick species. Overall, the study highlights the first descriptive understanding of the tick bacterial community on Hainan Island and provides a basis for deciphering the interactions between the tick microbiome and tick-borne pathogens.

• MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   MeSH
• Ixodidae * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• klíšťata * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is a frequent and serious neurosurgical complication, without sufficient therapy. This retrospective study was performed to analyze if nimodipine can improve prognosis and reduce ischaemia secondary to delayed CVS after intracranial tumour surgery. A retrospective review was performed over the years 2011 to 2012 for patients with an anterior cranial fossa tumour and underwent intracranial tumour surgery. The surgical field was soaked with nimodipine solution or normal saline. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure velocity in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and the distal extracranial internal carotid artery (eICA). Follow-up was performed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) after discharge. There were 94 patients that met the inclusion criteria. They included 50 males and 44 females, with a mean age of 49.6 years. In the nimodipine group, CVS occurred in 13 patients; 9 patients had CVS between 4 and 7 days, and 4 had CVS between 8 and 14 days. In the normal saline group, 19 patients had CVS, 3 presented with CVS within 3 days, 11 between 4-7 days and 5 between 8-14 days. A significant difference in the occurrence of CVS was observed between the two groups. Preoperative and postoperative the MCA velocities were compared, revealing a significant change in the normal saline group but not in the nimodipine group. Nimodipine markedly improves prognosis and significantly reduces ischaemia secondary to delayed CVS after intracranial tumour surgery, as well as the risks of mortality and morbidity.

• MeSH
• nimodipin * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• hypertriglyceridemie komplikace   krev   MeSH
• hypotyreóza epidemiologie   etiologie   krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• souhrny MeSH

The worldwide spread of pathogenic microorganisms poses a significant risk to human health. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as dependable analytical tools for the point-of-care detection of pathogens and can effectively compensate for the limitations of conventional techniques. Real-time analysis, high throughput, portability, and rapidity make them pioneering tools for on-site detection of pathogens. Herein, this work comprehensively reviews the recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection, focusing on those based on the classification of recognition elements, and summarizes their principles, current challenges, and prospects. This review was conducted by a systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science databases to obtain relevant literature and construct a basic framework. A total of 171 publications were included after online screening and data extraction to obtain information of the research advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection. According to the findings, the research of electrochemical biosensors in pathogen detection has been increasing yearly in the past 3 years, which has a broad development prospect, but most of the biosensors have performance or economic limitations and are still in the primary stage. Therefore, significant research and funding are required to fuel the rapid development of electrochemical biosensors. The overview comprehensively evaluates the recent advances in different types of electrochemical biosensors utilized in pathogen detection, with a view to providing insights into future research directions in biosensors.

• MeSH
• biosenzitivní techniky * metody   MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Actinomycete strain YIM PH20352, isolated from the rhizosphere soil sample of Panax notoginseng collected in WenShang, Yunnan Province, China, exhibited antifungal activity against some phytopathogenic fungi. The structures of bioactive molecules, isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fermentation broth of the strain, were identified as rabelomycin (1) and dehydrorabelomycin (2) based on extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 exhibited antifungal activity against four tested root-rot pathogens of the Panax notoginseng including Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Alternaria panax, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium solani with the MIC values at 32, 64, 128, and 128 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 2 exhibited antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, P. cucumerina, F. solani, and A. panax with the MIC values at 64, 64, 128, and 128 μg/mL, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, the closest phylogenetic relative of strain YIM PH20352 is Streptomyces cellulosae NBRC 13027 T (AB184265) (99.88%), so strain YIM PH20352 was identified as Streptomyces cellulosae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of rabelomycin and rabelomycin-type antibiotics from Streptomyces cellulosae and their antifungal activity against root-rot pathogens of the Panax notoginseng.

• MeSH
• anthrachinony MeSH
• antifungální látky chemie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• houby MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Panax notoginseng * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• půda * MeSH
• Streptomyces MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Over the last decades, multiple peptide receptors were recognized as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in nuclear medicine. 68Ga-NT-20.3 radiopharmaceutical has been developed for diagnosis of neurotensin receptors. High neurotensin receptor expression has been observed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as well as various malignancies. Until now, 68Ga-labelled NT ligand was successfully applied in in vitro as well as in animal model. Our study is the first in-human study on safety and tolerability of 68Ga-NT-20.3. METHODS: Subjects were intravenously injected with 2.5 MBq of 68Ga-DOTA-NT-20.3 per kilogramme of body weight, and series of PET images were acquired at 5-25 min, 25-45 min, 45-65 min, and 65-85 min after 68Ga-NT-20.3 injection. Vital parameters are as follows: systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), heart rate (heart beat/min), respiratory rate (number of breaths/min), ECG, and body temperature (°C) were checked before, immediately after, and 3 h after 68Ga-NT-20.3 injection. The organ-absorbed doses were calculated for the self-dose and cross-dose from each organ region using the OLINDA/EXM version 2.1 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results from this small trial demonstrate that PET radiopharmaceutical 68Ga-NT-20.3 is safe and well tolerated.

• MeSH
• duktální karcinom pankreatu * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• radiofarmaka MeSH
• radioizotopy galia MeSH
• receptory neurotensinu MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH