acaricide Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Ticks transmit at least the same number or even more pathogens than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods worldwide affecting humans and animals. The eco-friendly control and management of tick vectors in a constantly changing environment is a crucial challenge. Besides the development of vaccines against ticks, IPM practices aimed at reducing tick interactions with livestock, emerging pheromone-based control tools, and few biological control agents, the extensive employment of acaricides and tick repellents still remain the most effective and ready-to-use strategies. However, the former is limited by the development of growing resistances as well as environmental concerns. Exploiting plants and plant products as sources of effective tick repellents and acaricides represents a promising strategy. In this scenario, the preservation of ethnobotanical information on repellent and acaricidal potential of plants is crucial. Here, we evaluated relevant information published in recent years, focused on plants used as repellents and acaricides against tick vectors in different regions worldwide. We selected a total of 238 plant species, which are traditionally used against ticks by native and local communities of Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe, South Africa), Europe (Serbia, Macedonia, Romania), Asia (Pakistan, India) and America (Brazil, Canada), from 56 families. However, only 7 families (i.e. Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Meliaceae, Apocynaceae and Solanaceae) represent the major quote (46%) of all plant species. We evaluated the differences in acaricidal and repellent efficacy of different formulations used. In the final section, implications arising from the surveyed anti-tick ethnobotanical knowledge and challenges for its future are discussed.
1. The aim was to evaluate the acaricidal effects of pure active components of essential oils against poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) as an alternative to chemical acaricides (organophosphates and pyrethroids).2. The toxicities of five pure active components of essential oils (eugenol from clove bud, eucalyptol from rosemary, limonene from citrus fruits, linalool from lavender and cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon) were tested on D. gallinae females in an impregnated paper assay.3. The active substances were dissolved in water and Tween 20 and applied at concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 0.06 µl/cm2. Toxicity was expressed as a lethal dose (LD50 or LD90).4. The highest mortality was observed with eugenol. The LD90 was estimated to be 5.1 µg/cm2 for this substance, followed by cinnamaldehyde, the LD90 of which was estimated to be 11.0 µg/cm2. Limonene and eucalyptol were generally less effective in controlling D. gallinae.
- MeSH
- akaricidy * MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- oleje prchavé * MeSH
- roztoči * MeSH
- Syzygium * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The parasitic mite Varroa destructor is a major pest of the western honeybee, Apis mellifera. The development of acaricide resistance in Varroa populations is a global issue. Discriminating concentrations of acaricides are widely used to detect pest resistance. Two methods, using either glass vials or paraffin capsules, are used to screen for Varroa resistance to various acaricides. We found the glass vial method to be useless for testing Varroa resistance to acaridices, so we developed a polypropylene vial bioassay. This method was tested on tau-fluvalinate-, acrinathrin-, and amitraz-resistant mite populations from three apiaries in Czechia. Acetone was used as a control and technical grade acaricide compounds diluted in acetone were applied to the polypropylene vials. The solutions were spread on the vial surface by rolling the vial, and were then evaporated. Freshly collected Varroa females were placed in the vials and the mortality of the exposed mites was measured after 24 h. The Varroa populations differed in mortality between the apiaries and the tested compounds. Mites from the Kyvalka site were resistant to acrinathrin, tau-fluvalinate, and amitraz, while mites from the Postrizin site were susceptible to all three acaricides. In Prelovice apiary, the mites were susceptible to acrinathrin and amitraz, but not to tau-fluvalinate. The calculated discriminating concentrations for tau-fluvalinate, acrinathrin, and amitraz were 0.66, 0.26 and 0.19 µg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that polyproplyne vial tests can be used to determine discriminating concentrations for the early detection of acaricide resistant Varroa. Finally, multiple-resistance in Kyvalka may indicate metabolic resistance.
- MeSH
- akaricidy * MeSH
- fixní kombinace léků MeSH
- kontrola klíšťat * MeSH
- nitrily * MeSH
- polylysin analogy a deriváty MeSH
- pyrethriny * MeSH
- toluidiny * MeSH
- Varroidae * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
There is an increasing need for the discovery of reliable and eco-friendly pesticides and natural plant-derived products may play a crucial role as source of new active compounds. In this research, a lipophilic extract ofOnosma visianiiroots extract containing 12% of shikonin derivatives demonstrated significant toxicity and inhibition of oviposition againstTetranychus urticaemites. Extensive chromatographic separation allowed the isolation of 11 naphthoquinone derivatives that were identified by spectral techniques and were tested againstTetranychus urticae. All the isolated compounds presented effects against the considered mite and isobutylshikonin (1) and isovalerylshikonin (2) were the most active, being valuable model compounds for the study of new anti-mite agents.
- MeSH
- akaricidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Boraginaceae chemie MeSH
- kořeny rostlin chemie MeSH
- naftochinony chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Tetranychidae účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Plasma treatment enables effective binding of chitosan film to textile fibres. Heavy metal ions such as Ag(+) adsorbed onto the chitosan coating are known to enhance toxicity to microorganisms. The acaricidal effect of chitosan and chitosan/metal adducts with Ag(+) , Zn(2+) and Cu(2+) was tested in laboratory experiments. Tested species Acarus siro, Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus and Tyrophagus putrescentiae are allergen producers and important pests in house dust, stored food and feed. The mortality was compared after 24 h of exposure of mites to plasma-treated textiles. RESULTS: Chitosan/Ag(+) textile caused at least 80% mortality of all species tested. Chitosan/Zn(2+) and chitosan/Cu(2+) textiles had a smaller effect on mite mortality than chitosan/Ag(+) . The conversion of chitosan/Ag(+) finishing to chitosan/Ag2 O did not influence the mortality of mites in biotests, except that of Tyrophagus putrescentiae, where the mortality decreased from 86 to 64%. CONCLUSION: The results support a great potential of chitosan/Ag(+) fibres in acaricidal materials and/or mite protective food packages.
- MeSH
- akaricidy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- chitosan chemie toxicita MeSH
- měď chemie farmakologie MeSH
- roztoči účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- stříbro chemie farmakologie MeSH
- textilie analýza MeSH
- zinek chemie farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Akaricidní efekt textilie s Ag+sorbovaného na chitosan textilii po ošetření textilie studenou plazmou byl testován na roztočích Dermatopha-goides pteronyssinus a D. farinae v laboratorním experimentu. Mortalita roztočů na takto ošetřených textiliích byla stanovena po 24 a 48 hodinách. Kombinace chitosan-Ag+způsobovala signifikantně vyšší mortalitu obou roztočů. Tato mortalita byla vyšší než 80 % jedinců. Vyprání textilie snižovalo její toxicitu pro prachové roztoče. Výsledky tohoto experimentu ukazují na velký potenciál chitosanu-Ag+textiliích jako preventivních protiroztočových opatřeních v bytech senzitivních pacientů.
The acaricidal effect of textile surface with Ag+sorbed to was tested under laboratory experiment to supress allergen producing mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae . The mortality was compared after 24 and 48 hours of exposure of mites to sized textiles. Chitosan-Ag+textile caused at least 80% mortality of both species tested. It was confirmed that washing decreased toxicity of chitosan-Ag textile against mi- tes. The results support a great potential of chitosan/Ag+textile as prevention to mite infestation in houses of sensitive patients.
- MeSH
- akaricidy * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- alergeny imunologie účinky léků MeSH
- chitosan * chemie MeSH
- infestace roztoči farmakoterapie MeSH
- nanotechnologie metody MeSH
- prach imunologie MeSH
- roztoči * patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- stříbro * toxicita MeSH
- textilie * využití MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Pesticides have often been linked to honey bee colony losses, which occur mainly over winter. In this study, we investigated residues in nine colonies at a model agricultural research site during the period before wintering. Moreover, we applied the acaricide tau-fluvalinate to the colonies via a strip formulation. The pesticide content was determined by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS in bees from brood comb initially collected in mid-September immediately prior to the start of tau-fluvalinate treatment and 30 later at the time of tau-fluvalinate strip removal. RESULTS: In addition to commonly analyzed pesticides, we detected two plant growth regulators, chlormequat and metazachlor, in the bee colonies. Whereas thiacloprid, chlormequat and acetamiprid decreased after 30 days and contributed considerably to differences between sample time points, other pesticides appeared to be rather stable. Interestingly, we identified diazinon, which has been banned in the European Union since 2007. The residues of methiocarb sulfoxide and imidacloprid-urea in the absence of their parent compounds indicate historical environmental contamination that can be identified by the detection of residues in a bee colony. tau-Fluvalinate was detected only after the 30-day treatment at an average (± SD) concentration of 1.29 ± 1.93 ng/bee, ranging from 0.06 to 7.13 ng/bee. CONCLUSION: The multidimensional behavior of pesticides in a bee colony was indicated. Although the research area is used for agriculture, the measured pesticide level was relatively low. The recorded concentrations of tau-fluvalinate should not be dangerous to bees, as the values were ∼ 200-5000-fold lower than the reported median lethal dose (LD50 ) values. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
- MeSH
- akaricidy analýza MeSH
- nitrily analýza MeSH
- pyrethriny analýza MeSH
- rezidua pesticidů analýza MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- včely chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Arthropods are dangerous vectors of agents of deadly diseases, which may hit as epidemics or pandemics in the increasing world population of humans and animals. Among them, ticks transmit more pathogen species than any other group of blood-feeding arthropods worldwide. Thus, the effective and eco-friendly control of tick vectors in a constantly changing environment is a crucial challenge. A number of novel routes have been attempted to prevent and control tick-borne diseases, including the development of (i) vaccines against viruses vectored by ticks; (ii) pheromone-based control tools, with special reference to the "lure and kill" techniques; (iii) biological control programmes relying on ticks' natural enemies and pathogens; and (iv) the integrated pest management practices aimed at reducing tick interactions with livestock. However, the extensive employment of acaricides and tick repellents still remains the two most effective and ready-to-use strategies. Unfortunately, the first one is limited by the rapid development of resistance in ticks, as well as by serious environmental concerns. On the other hand, the exploitation of plants as sources of effective tick repellents is often promising. Here, we reviewed current knowledge concerning the effectiveness of plant extracts as acaricides or repellents against tick vectors of public health importance, with special reference to Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, Amblyomma cajennense, Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Hyalomma anatolicum, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Rhipicephalus turanicus. Eighty-three plant species from 35 botanical families were selected. The most frequent botanical families exploited as sources of acaricides and repellents against ticks were Asteraceae (15 % of the selected studies), Fabaceae (9 %), Lamiaceae (10 %), Meliaceae (5 %), Solanaceae (6 %) and Verbenaceae (5 %). Regression equation analyses showed that the literature grew by approximately 20 % per year (period: 2005-2015). Lastly, in the final section, insights for future research are discussed. We focused on some caveats for future data collection and analysis. Current critical points mainly deal with (a) not uniform methods used, which prevent proper comparison of the results; (b) inaccurate tested concentrations, frequently 100 % concentration corresponded to the gross extract, where the exact amounts of extracted substances are unknown; and (c) not homogeneous size of tested tick instars and species. Overall, the knowledge summarized in this review may be helpful for comparative screening among extensive numbers of plant-borne preparations, in order to develop newer and safer tick control tools.
- MeSH
- akaricidy farmakologie MeSH
- Asteraceae chemie MeSH
- dobytek MeSH
- Fabaceae chemie MeSH
- hluchavkovité chemie MeSH
- infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
- klíště účinky léků MeSH
- kontrola klíšťat metody MeSH
- nemoci přenášené klíšťaty prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Rhipicephalus sanguineus účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
