• MeSH
• Hymenoptera drug effects   MeSH
• Insecticides administration & dosage   MeSH

• MeSH
• Insect Control MeSH
• Insecticides * pharmacology   chemistry   MeSH
• Cockroaches * MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Hymenoptera drug effects   MeSH
• Insecticides administration & dosage   MeSH

Anticoagulants are the most frequently used rodenticides at the global scale. Because of their persistency, bioaccumulation and potential for secondary intoxication, they have faced increasing legislative regulations. Recently, the European Union Regulation (EU) 2016/1179 resulted in the production and application of rodenticides with nearly half dose (<30 ppm) of anticoagulants. However, published data on the biological efficacy of rodenticides with decreased doses are scarce in the EU. Therefore, this work compared the efficacy of the original high-dose (50 ppm) and new low-dose (25 ppm) brodifacoum-based baits in the offspring of wild-caught house mice (Mus musculus L.). In the no-choice laboratory feeding tests, 100% animals died in all treated groups and 0% died in the control groups. The achieved time to death did not differ between the original and low-dose baits across both types of feeding trials/regimes. The low-dose baits (25 ppm) were consequently tested under field conditions in two populations showing 95.7% and 99.8% efficacy. The obtained results highlighted the good efficacy of the new baits based on low-dose brodifacoum in non-resistant mouse populations. However, further validation is required regarding the remaining anticoagulant compounds and resistant rodent populations.

• MeSH
• 4-Hydroxycoumarins chemistry   toxicity   MeSH
• Anticoagulants chemistry   toxicity   MeSH
• European Union MeSH
• Animal Feed MeSH
• Mortality MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Rodenticides chemistry   toxicity   MeSH
• Drug Dosage Calculations MeSH
• Legislation, Drug MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

BACKGROUND: The authors investigated whether fluorescent pigment in thermoset melamine microcapsules incorporated into monitoring baits would be excreted in the faeces of wild house mice in a quantity and intensity that would be detectable by a human observer. RESULTS: Experimental mice produced 24-116 UV-visible faecal pellets per 24 h; the mean dry weight was 582 mg. The number and weight of the faeces was independent of mouse sex and weight. The defecation of UV-visible faeces began at 2-3 h, peaked at 5-8 h and was complete at 17 h after bait ingestion. The detectability of the highly fluorescent faecal pellets using a small UV flashlight approached 100%, and no false positives were recorded. CONCLUSION: The tested formulation is of significant value for rodent pest monitoring because faeces that are highly visible by UV light are produced for 15 h by mice after ingestion, and their detection is easy and unambiguous.

• MeSH
• Rodent Control instrumentation   methods   MeSH
• Feces chemistry   MeSH
• Fluorescent Dyes chemistry   metabolism   MeSH
• Mice physiology   MeSH
• Eating MeSH
• Ultraviolet Rays MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Mice physiology   MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Evaluation Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Pitfall trapping is a sampling technique frequently used by entomologists around the world. However, there exist sampling biases linked to particular trapping designs, which require investigation. In this study, we compared the effects of the type of preservative fluid (propylene glycol or formaldehyde) and the presence of fish bait in pitfall traps on the number of specimens (individuals) collected, the species richness, and the species composition of carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and silphid (Coleoptera: Silphidae) beetle assemblages. Traps containing propylene glycol collected a substantially higher number of individuals of both taxa and a higher number of silphid species compared with traps containing formaldehyde. The use of fish bait in the traps increased the number of individuals collected and the number of species collected for silphid beetles but had no effect on the collection parameters for carabids. The species composition of the carabid assemblages was minimally affected by the presence of fish bait or the type of preservative fluid, whereas the fish bait had a substantial effect on the species composition of silphids. The silphid species that feed directly on vertebrate carcasses were almost completely absent in the nonbaited traps. The results suggest that pitfall traps baited with fish and containing propylene glycol as a preservative fluid are optimal for the simultaneous sampling of carabid and silphid beetles, which both provide important ecosystem services (e.g., predation of pests and decomposition of vertebrate carcasses) and are therefore interesting for ecological research.

• MeSH
• Biodiversity * MeSH
• Coleoptera physiology   MeSH
• Entomology methods   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Plague (Yersinia pestis) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (Leishmania major) are two rodent-associated diseases which are vectored by fleas and phlebotomine sand flies, respectively. In Central Asia, the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) serves as the primary reservoir for both diseases in most natural foci. The systemic insecticide fipronil has been previously shown to be highly effective in controlling fleas and sand flies. However, the impact of a fipronil-based rodent bait, on flea and sand fly abundance, has never been reported in Central Asia. A field trial was conducted in southeastern Kazakhstan to evaluate the efficacy of a 0.005% fipronil bait, applied to gerbil burrows for oral uptake, in reducing Xenopsylla spp. flea and Phlebotomus spp. sand fly abundance. All active gerbil burrows within the treated area were presented with ~120 g of 0.005% fipronil grain bait twice during late spring/early summer (June 16, June 21). In total, 120 occupied and 14 visited gerbil colonies were surveyed and treated, and the resulting application rate was minimal (~0.006 mg fipronil/m2). The bait resulted in 100% reduction in Xenopsylla spp. flea abundance at 80-days post-treatment. Gravid sand flies were reduced ~72% and 100% during treatment and at week-3 post-treatment, respectively. However, noticeable sand fly reduction did not occur after week-3 and results suggest environmental factors also influenced abundance significantly. In conclusion, fipronil bait, applied in southeastern Kazakhstan, has the potential to reduce or potentially eliminate Xenopsylla spp. fleas if applied at least every 80-days, but may need to be applied at higher frequency to significantly reduce the oviposition rate of Phlebotomus spp. sand flies. Fipronil-based bait may provide a means of controlling blood-feeding vectors, subsequently reducing disease risk, in Central Asia and other affected regions globally.

• MeSH
• Insect Control methods   MeSH
• Gerbillinae parasitology   physiology   MeSH
• Disease Vectors MeSH
• Flea Infestations parasitology   prevention & control   veterinary   MeSH
• Insecticides administration & dosage   MeSH
• Psychodidae drug effects   physiology   MeSH
• Pyrazoles administration & dosage   MeSH
• Siphonaptera drug effects   physiology   MeSH
• Feeding Behavior MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Evaluation Study MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Geographicals
• Kazakhstan MeSH

• MeSH
• Chiroptera parasitology   MeSH
• Tick Infestations parasitology   MeSH
• Ticks * MeSH
• Carbon Dioxide MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• alpha-Macroglobulins pharmacology   genetics   blood supply   MeSH
• Research Support as Topic MeSH
• Insect Proteins genetics   blood supply   MeSH
• Ticks genetics   MeSH
• Cloning, Molecular MeSH
• DNA, Complementary analysis   genetics   MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH

• MeSH
• Insect Control MeSH
• Insecticide Resistance MeSH
• Urban Health MeSH
• Environmental Pollution MeSH
• Publication type
• Collected Work MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• environmentální vědy