• MeSH
• endokrinní systém MeSH
• endokrinologie MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• endokrinologie

Recently, alkylphenols, bisphenols and several synthetic estrogens have been recognized as endocrine disruptors (ED). They can interfere with hormones and thus disrupt development of animals. Investigation of environmental pollution by these chemicals, studies of their toxicity and the ability of various microorganisms to decompose such compounds are now in progress. This work summarizes findings on microbial degradation of ED in the last three decades with a special respect to the promising bioremediation agents - white rot fungi and degradation capacity of their ligninolytic enzymes. Most of the studies are focused on the degradation of ED by purified enzymes although these methods are technically demanding and costly. On the other hand, the ED degradation with fungal cultures are also feasible. The work is aimed at identification of intermediates from ED degradation and their endocrine activities, which is important for better understanding of microbial degradation.

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lakasa metabolismus   MeSH
• lignin MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Phanerochaete metabolismus   MeSH
• Sphingomonas metabolismus   MeSH

• MeSH
• akrozom fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• diethylstilbestrol aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fenoly aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fertilita genetika   imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fytoestrogeny aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• myši genetika   MeSH
• savci MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• velikost orgánu fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši genetika   MeSH

Endokrinní disruptory (ECD) jsou různé chemické látky: přírodní i syntetické hormony, přírodní součásti rostlin, pesticidy, látky používané při výrobě plastických hmot a různých konzumních výrobků, další průmyslově využívané látky a také odpady. Mnohé z nich jsou velmi perzistentní, jiné se naopak rychle rozkládají a mohou tak působit jen po omezenou dobu, ale v kritickém období vývoje. Mohou vyvolávat škodlivé účinky prostřednictvím interference s endokrinním systémem zvířat a lidí. Endokrinní disrupce představuje funkční změny, způsobené expozicí chemickým látkám, které mohou dál vést k poškození organismu. ECD mohou působit mnoha mechanismy na mnohých orgánech. Největší pozornost je věnována mechanismům vazby na receptory, ale jsou studovány i další způsoby. Pokládá se za prokázané, že expozice ECD vyvolává negativní účinky u divoce žijících zvířat a v některých experimentálních studiích, ale nemáme dostatek důkazů, že by zdraví populace bylo poškozováno při současné environmentální expozici.

Endocrine disruptors (ECDs) involve various chemicals, such as natural and synthetic hormones, natural components in plants, pesticides, chemical used in the production of plastics and in other industries, as well as in waste. Many of them are persistent in the environment, while the others are quickly degradated and so they can exert their influence for a short time only, which however can be the critical period of development. Through their interference with the endocrine system they can cause harmful effects both in animals and humans. Endocrine disruptions initiate functional changes as consequences of exposure to chemical substances; such changes can be the basis for further disorders in the body. The mechanisms of ECDs' effects are wide and can be observed in different organs. The most important one is the binding of ECDs' on receptors, but also other possibilities of action are investigated. It is generally accepted that exposure to ECDs causes negative effects among wild animals and in some experimental studies; on the other hand there is a lack of evidence about health disturbances among population exposed to the contemporary levels of ECDs.

• MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory farmakokinetika   farmakologie   imunologie   MeSH
• imunitní systém účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Průmyslové emise obsahují široké spektrum cizorodých látek ohrožujících zdraví člověka i zvířat, včetně endokrinních modulátorů (endocrine disruptors), které interferují se signálními systémy buněk. Tato skupina xenobiotik poškozuje endokrinní systémy člověka i zvířat nepříznivým vlivem na jejich zdraví, nejen současné populace, ale potenciálně i generací příštích. První z této skupiny cizorodých látek byly identifikovány ty, které ovlivňovaly signální dráhy estrogenů. Dnes je již prokázanou zkušeností, že řada těchto látek nepříznivě působí také na signální dráhy steroidních hormonů a hormonů štítné žlázy. Endokrinní modulátory mohou působit na několika různých etážích signálních drah, včetně alterace činnosti žláz s vnitřní sekrecí, ve kterých tyto hormony vznikají, ovlivněním regulačních enzymů spojených s homeostázou příslušných hladin hormonů nebo modifikací transkripce hormonální odpovědi indukované hormony v jejich cílových orgánech či tkáních. Následující řádky jsou stručnou informací o současném stavu výzkumu v oblasti endokrinních modulátorů a nastíněním nejdůležitějších šancí a problémů výzkumu v předmětné oblasti.

Industrial emissions contain a wide spectrum of xenobiotics threatening human and animal health including endocrine disruptors which interfere with signalling systems of cells. This group of xenobiotics cause damage to health not only to present generation but constitutes a potential risk to health of generations to come. The first group of that xenobiotics discovered were those influencinng signalling pathways of estrogens. Up today it has been proven experience that some of the family of xenobiotics have adverse effects on signalling pathways of steroid hormons and thyroideal ones. Endocrine disruptors can act on several etages of the signalling pathways including alterations at the level of endocrine glands producing hormons, by influencing homeostase regulating enzymes or by the modification of transcription of responses induced by hormones themselves in target organs or tissues. The lines follows are a substantially condensed information about the present state of research on endocrine distuptors and outline of the potential chances and obstacles in this research field.

• Klíčová slova
• rizika zdravotní,
• MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory škodlivé účinky   toxicita   MeSH
• endokrinní systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• xenobiotika škodlivé účinky   toxicita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Seminal plasma represents a unique environment for maturation, nutrition, and protection of male germ cells from damaging agents. It contains an array of organic as well as inorganic chemicals, encompassing a number of biologically and immunologically active compounds, including hormones. Seminal plasma contains also various pollutants transferred from outer environment known as endocrine disruptors. They interfere with hormones at the receptor level, act as inhibitors of their biosynthesis, and affect hormone regulation. In this minireview, the main groups of hormones detected in seminal plasma are summarized. Seminal gonadal steroids were investigated mostly with aim to use them as biomarkers of impaired spermatogenesis (sperm count, motility, morphology). Concentrations of hormones in the seminal plasma often differ considerably from the blood plasma levels in dependence on their origin. In some instances (dihydrotestosterone, estradiol), their informative value is higher than determination in blood. Out of peptide hormones detected in seminal plasma, peptides of transforming growth factor beta family, especially antimullerian hormone, and oligopeptides related to thyrotropin releasing hormone have the high informative value, while assessment of seminal gonadotropins and prolactin does not bring advantage over determination in blood. Though there is a large body of information about the endocrine disruptors’ impact on male reproduction, especially with their potential role in decline of male reproductive functions within the last decades, there are only scarce reports on their presence in seminal plasma. Herein, the main groups of endocrine disruptors found in seminal plasma are reviewed, and the use of their determination for investigation of fertility disorders is discussed.

• MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory * analýza   farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• fertilita účinky léků   MeSH
• hormony * analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• somatomediny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• sperma * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• transformující růstový faktor beta analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and chronic liver diseases among others, has been rising for several years. Epidemiology and mechanistic (in vivo, in vitro and in silico) toxicology have recently provided compelling evidence implicating the chemical environment in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this review, we will describe the biological processes that contribute to the development of metabolic diseases targeted by metabolic disruptors, and will propose an integrated pathophysiological vision of their effects on several organs. With regard to these pathomechanisms, we will discuss the needs, and the stakes of evolving the testing and assessment of endocrine disruptors to improve the prevention and management of metabolic diseases that have become a global epidemic since the end of last century.

• MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory * toxicita   MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * MeSH
• obezita chemicky indukované   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare in silico data with results obtained in two alternative in vitro methods; and to investigate the potential endocrine activity of bisphenol A analogues. This article contributes to recent findings and brings up-to-date information on development of EU legislation and in vitro testing methods of endocrine disruption. METHODS: In silico approach based on the OECD QSAR Toolbox was used for prediction of potential ligands of human estrogen receptor α. Estrogen Receptor Transactivation in vitro Assay to Detect Estrogen Receptor Agonists and Antagonists (OECD TG 455/457) using the VM7Luc4E2 (formerly designated BG1Luc4E2) cell line was performed for measurement of transactivation activity of the tested substances. Commercially available yeast-based microplate assay (XenoScreen YES/YAS, Xenometrix, Switzerland) for detection of compounds with estrogenic and androgenic agonistic/antagonistic activity was used as a comparative test to estrogen receptor transactivation assay (OECD TG 455/457) and for screening of the agonistic/antagonistic potential of human estrogen receptor and agonistic/antagonistic activity of tested compounds on human androgen receptor. RESULTS: The study showed good correlation between the two in vitro assays and significant correlation with in silico data. All tested substances were identified as agonists for human estrogen receptor α by methods in silico and in vitro, four substances showed a potentially higher estrogenic activity comparing to bisphenol A, two substances were identified as very weak antagonists of human androgen receptor and one compound showed a potential of agonistic activity to human androgen receptor. CONCLUSIONS: The study contributes to recent findings and brings new in silico and in vitro data of bisphenol A analogues, revealing that these analogous substances should be further tested as they may show similar or higher activity in vivo comparing to bisphenol A, which has been recently legislatively regulated.

• MeSH
• alfa receptor estrogenů agonisté   antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• benzhydrylové sloučeniny metabolismus   MeSH
• biotest MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory metabolismus   MeSH
• fenoly metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nesteroidní estrogeny metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The data on hormonal steroids in the human seminal plasma and their role in spermatogenesis are summarized. The seminal steroid levels need not correlate with the blood plasma levels. The recent reports showed that androgen, especially dihydrotestosterone, and the estrogen levels in the seminal fluid may be used as the markers of spermatogenesis impairment. The estradiol concentration in the seminal plasma was higher than in the blood plasma, and its levels were significantly increased in men with impaired spermatogenesis. A good indicator for predicting the normal spermatogenesis, therefore, seems to be the testosterone/estradiol ratio. The seminal plasma also contains significant amounts of cortisol, which influences the androgen biosynthesis through its receptors in the Leydig cells. The local balance between cortisol and inactive cortisone is regulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the activity of which may be affected by the environmental chemicals acting as the endocrine disruptors (EDCs). These compounds are believed to participate in worsening the semen quality - the sperm count, motility, and morphology, as witnessed in the recent last decades. As to the steroids' role in the testis, the EDCs may act as antiandrogens by inhibiting the enzymes of testosterone biosynthesis, as the agonists or antagonists through their interaction with the steroid hormone receptors, or at the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Surprisingly, though the EDCs affect the steroid action in the testis, there is no report of a direct association between the concentrations of steroids and the EDCs in the seminal fluid. Therefore, measuring the steroids in the semen, along with the various EDCs, could help us better understand the role of the EDCs in the male reproduction.

• MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rozmnožování MeSH
• sperma chemie   cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• spermatogeneze * MeSH
• steroidy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Anthropogenic environmental pollutants affect many physiological, biochemical, and endocrine actions as reproduction, metabolism, immunity, behavior and as such can interfere with any aspect of hormone action. Microbiota and their genes, microbiome, a large body of microorganisms, first of all bacteria and co-existing in the host´s gut, are now believed to be autonomous endocrine organ, participating at overall endocrine, neuroendocrine and immunoendocrine regulations. While an extensive literature is available on the physiological and pathological aspects of both players, information about their mutual relationships is scarce. In the review we attempted to show various examples where both, endocrine disruptors and microbiota are meeting and can act cooperatively or in opposition and to show the mechanism, if known, staying behind these actions.

• MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory farmakologie   MeSH
• fyziologie bakterií účinky léků   MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt účinky léků   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH