impact-echo method Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
BACKGROUND: Neurofilament light (NfL) levels reflect inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is less clear if NfL also can serve as a biomarker for MS progression in treated patients without relapses and focal lesion accrual. In addition, it has not been well established if clinically effective treatment re-establishes an age and sex pattern for cerebrospinal fluid NfL (cNfL) as seen in controls, and to what degree levels are affected by disability level and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) atrophy metrics. METHODS: We included subjects for whom cNfL levels had been determined as per clinical routine or in clinical research, classified as healthy controls (HCs, n = 89), MS-free disease controls (DCs, n = 251), untreated MS patients (uMS; n = 296), relapse-free treated MS patients (tMS; n = 78), and ProTEct-MS clinical trial participants (pMS; n = 41). RESULTS: Using linear regression, we found a positive association between cNfL and age, as well as lower concentrations among women, in all groups, except for uMS patients. In contrast, disability level in the entire MS cohort, or T1 and T2 lesion volumes, brain parenchymal fraction, thalamic fraction, and cortical thickness in the pMS trial cohort, did not correlate with cNfL concentrations. Furthermore, the cNfL levels in tMS and pMS groups did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: In participants with MS lacking signs of inflammatory disease activity, disease modulatory therapy reinstates an age and sex cNfL pattern similar to that of control subjects. No significant association was found between cNfL levels and clinical worsening, disability level, or MRI metrics.
- MeSH
- biologické markery mozkomíšní mok MeSH
- demografie MeSH
- intermediární filamenta patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Echokardiografia je v súčasnosti nesporne najdôležitejšou zobrazovacou vyšetrovacou metódou v diagnostike chlopňových chýb. Väčšina pacientov je už dnes na chirurgické riešenie indikovaná iba na základe výsledkov echokardiografického vyšetrenia. O to viacej musíme mať pri interprentácii výsledkov echokardiografie na pamäti limitácie a úskalia tejto metodiky. Každá diagnostická chyba môže mať totiž fatálny dopad na osud pacienta. V nasledujúcom článku by sme preto chceli poukázať na najčastejšie chyby, s ktorými sa v echokardiografickom laboratóriu stretávame a limitácie metodiky, s ktorými musíme pri ultrazvukovej diagnostike chlopňových chýb kalkulovať. Nebudeme sa zaoberať samotnou metodológiou echokardiografických výpočtov ani podrobnejšou klasifikáciou chlopňových chýb, s ktorými odkazujeme na dostupnú literatúru.
Echocardiography is currently the most important imaging method in diagnostics of valvular diseases. Most patients are indicated for surgery only on basis of results of echocardiographic examination. In interpretation of results of echocardiography we have to think of limitations and pitfalls of this method. Each diagnostic error can have fatal impact on the patient´s faith. The following article presents the most frequent errors of echo cardiography and limitations of the method which have to be taken into consideration in ultrasound diagnostics of valvular diseases. Methodology of echocardiographic calculations and detailed classification of valvular diseases is referred to available literature.
Cíl: Uvést do klinické praxe zcela novou metodu trojrozměrné intraoperační transesofageální echokardiografi e v reálném čase (RT 3D TEE) a zhodnotit její přínos pro morfologickou a funkční diagnostiku u mitrálních regurgitačních vad. Materiál a metoda: V průběhu roku 2008 byla metoda použita u 88 nemocných (31 žen) s mitrálními regurgitačními vadami různé etiologie s převahou degenerativních a ischemických postižení. Vyšetření matrixovou sondou 3D TEE bylo provedeno před výkonem na mitrální chlopni a bezprostředně po něm. Byly použity „live“ záznamy a cílené 2D řezy pro morfologickou diagnostiku a ultrakrátké záznamy a ultrakrátké rekonstrukce pro hodnocení regurgitace barevným dopplerovským mapováním. Byly porovnány nálezy z 3D ECHO vyšetření s nálezem chirurga a byl vyhodnocen jejich soulad. Výsledky: Velmi kvalitního obrazu bylo dosaženo u 81 nemocných, záznam horší kvality byl získán u šesti nemocných a u jednoho nemocného se nález téměř nedal hodnotit. Kvalita vyšetření 2D a 3D se shodovala. Úplná shoda RT 3D nálezu s nálezem chirurga byla zjištěna u 77 nemocných, rozdílný nález (ale neovlivňující operační postup) byl zjištěn u jedenácti nemocných. Učící křivka měla výrazně klesající tendenci. Zobrazení regurgitačních toků bylo vždy velmi kvalitní, určilo přesně místo regurgitace, směr a mohutnost regurgitačního toku a velikost i chování konvergenční zóny, jejíž měření je podkladem pro správnou kvantifi kaci regurgitace zejména po korekci vady. Závěry: RT 3D TEE je v kombinaci s cílenými 2D řezy nejdokonalejším zobrazením mitrální chlopně. Obrazy jsou snadno interpretovatelné i při malé zkušenosti s 3D echokardiografi í. Kardiochirurgovi tato modalita poskytuje možnost vidět mitrální chlopeň i ve funkci. Potřeba 3D rekonstrukce v představě vyšetřujícího a chirurga je potlačena na minimum. RT 3D TEE CFM (color fl ow mapping) velmi realisticky zobrazuje mitrální regurgitaci ve všech komponentách. Při použití RT 3D TEE vyšetření jsou odpovědi na základní otázky kardiochirurga většinou snadné, rychlé a kvantitativní.
Aim: To introduce a novel modality, real-time three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT 3D TEE), into clinical practice and to evaluate its feasibility and impact on intraoperative morphological and hemodynamic diagnosis in mitral regurgitant lesions. Material and method: During the year 2008, a total of 88 patients were investigated intraoperatively by RT 3D TEE together with conventional 2D method. The patient group comprised 57 men and 31 women with a wide variety of mitral regurgitant lesions (predominantly degenerative and ischemic). RT 3D TEE was carried out before and repeated immediately after heart surgery. We used “live“ 3D clips and targeted 2D views for morphological assessment and ultra-short recordings and reconstruction for assessing mitral regurgitation using color fl ow mapping (CFM). All recordings were reviewed by an echocardiographer and the operating surgeon in order to assess ECHO and anatomical agreement. Results: Very good image quality was achieved in 81 patients, fair quality in six, and poor in one patient. Identical image quality was observed in both 3D and 2D images. Full agreement between RT 3D images and surgical fi ndings was obtained in 77 cases, while some diff erences were noted in 11 ones. The learning curve declined steadily over the year. RT 3D color fl ow mapping of regurgitant fl ows was excellent in all cases pointing exactly to the regurgitant orifi ce, showing direction and magnitude of regurgitant fl ow as well as the shape and behavior of the fl ow convergence region, which provides the best basis for quantifying mitral regurgitation. Conclusions: RT 3D TEE in conjunction with targeted 2D cross sections provides the best depiction of mitral valve available. RT 3D images are easy to understand even without greater experience in echocardiography. The cardiac surgeon has the opportunity to see the mitral valve in function over the whole heart cycle. The need for 3D reconstruction from 2D pictures in the imagination of the echo cardiographer and surgeon approaches zero. RT 3D TEE CFM optimally shows mitral regurgitation in all its components.
- MeSH
- anatomie průřezová metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- echokardiografie transezofageální metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- echokardiografie trojrozměrná metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- funkční vyšetření srdce metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- hemodynamika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitrální insuficience diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- peroperační monitorování metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Interní grantové agentury MZ ČR
Přeruš. str. : il., tab. ; 30 cm
Regurgitant mitral valve disese represents a significant portion of cardiovascular diagnostics and surgery. Both diagnostics and surgical treatment are currently subject of a fast progress worldwide. Matching the general tendency in cardiovasular imaging, echocardiography also developed real time 3D methods (RT 3D ECHO.) In 2007 a novel traansesophageal RT 3D probe capable of performing both 2D and RT 3D ECHO in good quality was developed. Also ultrashort 3D reconstruction is available. Recently besidethe classic morphologic and functional characteristics, many new measurement of anatomy and function of affected mitral valve are required. Some of them evaluable only by 3D technology. Our institution has been performed transthoracic RT 3D ECHO for lat3 years and recently also RT 3D TEE has been started. Aim of the proposed granted study is to introduce RT 3D ECHO into the clinical practice, to assess its impact on the mitral valve diagnostics and also to the surgical strategy in mitral valve repair.
Mitrální regurgitační vady představují významný podíl kardiovaskulární diagnostiky a kardiochirurgické léčby. Jak diagnostika, tak léčba těchto vad prodělávají v posledních letech akcelerovaný vývoj. Všeobecný trend zobrazovacích metod, podávat trojrozměrné (3D) informace, se nyní začíná uplatňovat i v echokardiografii a to 3D zobrazením v reálném čase (RT 3D ECHO). V roce 2007 byla vyvinuta i transesofageální sonda s matrixovou technologií, umožňující jak 2D vyšetření ve všech modalitách, tak RT 3D zobrazení a ultrakrátké rekonstrukce. Dosud používané morfologické a funkční vyšetření mitrálního aparátu u regurgitačních vad je doplňováno o nové parametry. Některé z nich lze stanovit jen 3D technologií a použitím příslušného programu. CKTCH Brno se 3D transtorakální echokardiografií zabývá poslední 3 roky a zahájilo i vyšetřování RT 3D TEE. V grantové studii chceme uvést RT 3D TEE do běžné klinické praxe, ověřit její přínos pro diagnostiku i chirurgickou strategii u mitrálních regurgitačních vad.
- MeSH
- anuloplastika mitrální chlopně MeSH
- echokardiografie transezofageální MeSH
- echokardiografie trojrozměrná MeSH
- mitrální insuficience diagnóza terapie MeSH
- peroperační monitorování MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- kardiologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR
PURPOSE: The quality and precision of post-mortem MRI microscopy may vary depending on the embedding medium used. To investigate this, our study evaluated the impact of 5 widely used media on: (1) image quality, (2) contrast of high spatial resolution gradient-echo (T1 and T2* -weighted) MR images, (3) effective transverse relaxation rate (R2* ), and (4) quantitative susceptibility measurements (QSM) of post-mortem brain specimens. METHODS: Five formaldehyde-fixed brain slices were scanned using 7.0T MRI in: (1) formaldehyde solution (formalin), (2) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (3) deuterium oxide (D2 O), (4) perfluoropolyether (Galden), and (5) agarose gel. SNR and contrast-to-noise ratii (SNR/CNR) were calculated for cortex/white matter (WM) and basal ganglia/WM regions. In addition, median R2* and QSM values were extracted from caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, WM, and cortical regions. RESULTS: PBS, Galden, and agarose returned higher SNR/CNR compared to formalin and D2 O. Formalin fixation, and its use as embedding medium for scanning, increased tissue R2* . Imaging with agarose, D2 O, and Galden returned lower R2* values than PBS (and formalin). No major QSM offsets were observed, although spatial variance was increased (with respect to R2* behaviors) for formalin and agarose. CONCLUSIONS: Embedding media affect gradient-echo image quality, R2* , and QSM in differing ways. In this study, PBS embedding was identified as the most stable experimental setup, although by a small margin. Agarose and Galden were preferred to formalin or D2 O embedding. Formalin significantly increased R2* causing noisier data and increased QSM variance.
- MeSH
- ethery MeSH
- fluorokarbony MeSH
- formaldehyd MeSH
- fosfáty MeSH
- kontrastní látky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- mapování mozku metody MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
- oxid deuteria MeSH
- pitva přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- poměr signál - šum MeSH
- sefarosa chemie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zalévání tkání přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of MR gradient system imperfections and limitations for the quantitative mapping of short T2* signals performed by ultrashort echo time (UTE) acquisition approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The measurement of short T2* signals from a phantom and a healthy volunteer study (8 subjects of average age 28 ± 4 years) were performed on a 3T scanner. The characteristics of the gradient system were obtained using calibration method performed directly on the measured subject or phantom. This information was used to calculate the actual sampling trajectory with the help of a parametric eddy current model. The actual sample positions were used to reconstruct corrected images and compared with uncorrected data. RESULTS: Comparison of both approaches, i.e., without and with correction of k-space sampling trajectories revealed substantial improvement when correction was applied. The phantom experiments demonstrate substantial in-plane signal intensity variations for uncorrected sampling trajectories. In the case of the volunteer study, this led to significant differences in relative proton density (RPD) estimation between the uncorrected and corrected data (P = 0.0117 by Wilcoxon matched-pairs test) and provides for about ~15% higher values for short T2* components of white matter (WM) in the case of uncorrected images. CONCLUSION: The imperfection of the applied gradients could induce errors in k-space data sampling which further propagates into the fidelity of the UTE images and jeopardizes precision of quantification. However, the study proved that measurement of gradient errors together with correction of sample positions can contribute to increased accuracy and unbiased characterization of short T2* signals.
- MeSH
- bílá hmota anatomie a histologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fantomy radiodiagnostické MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu metody MeSH
- protony MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
versus colloid trial) . 100 -- 1-6 (No: 129) Bedside aPTT measurement after cardiopulmonary bypass: impact 134 -- 3-4 (No: 137) Is the Cockcroft method reliable for the evaluation of creatinine clearance in cardiac 00 / North Hall -- Poster Presentation Session 4 -- Outcome & Methods, techniques -- 4-1 (No: 143) Impact pulmonary venous flow as a reliable index of wedge pressure . 162 -- 4-15 (No: 042) Transoesophageal echo surgery using -- cardio-pulmonary bypass . 164 -- EACTA 2003VI -- Poster Viewing -- 1 (No: 007) Impact
187 s. : tab., grafy ; 34 cm
BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of HIV and substance use disorders (SUD) in Ukraine remains a significant public health problem. A well-trained, recovery-oriented national workforce to enhance SUD treatment associated with HIV care is needed to reduce substance use and HIV-related burden in the country. METHODS: The Ukraine Addiction Transfer Technology Center (Ukraine ATTC) was established in 2017 to provide training and technical assistance on the intersection of HIV and SUD to support efforts to control the HIV epidemic in Ukraine. Data were derived from Ukraine ATTC initiatives in its first three years of operation. RESULTS: The Ukraine ATTC’s activities aligned with the Efficiency, Impact, Sustainability, Partnership and Human Rights action agendas of the U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). A total of 985 participants took part in one or more Ukraine ATTC activities over the three years. Activities included 443 hours of face-to-face training, 28 hours of online training, and 292 hours of post- training supervision and implementation support. Among its most significant activities, the Ukraine ATTC trained a cadre of 35 certified National Trainers (NTs) to scale up training and educational activities on HIV, SUD, and mental health throughout the country. Between 2019–2020, NTs conducted 24 Project ECHO-style trainings with 440 persons. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to training a large number of professionals in evidence- based practices, the Ukraine ATTC facilitated the training of others throughout Ukraine, thus expanding the reach of the evidence-based curriculum beyond its core activities. A trained workforce and curricula promote the sustainability of these efforts and serve as an important national resource.
PURPOSE: Reliable detection and fitting of macromolecules (MM) are crucial for accurate quantification of brain short-echo time (TE) 1 H-MR spectra. An experimentally acquired single MM spectrum is commonly used. Higher spectral resolution at ultra-high field (UHF) led to increased interest in using a parametrized MM spectrum together with flexible spline baselines to address unpredicted spectroscopic components. Herein, we aimed to: (1) implement an advanced methodological approach for post-processing, fitting, and parametrization of 9.4T rat brain MM spectra; (2) assess the concomitant impact of the LCModel baseline and MM model (ie, single vs parametrized); and (3) estimate the apparent T2 relaxation times for seven MM components. METHODS: A single inversion recovery sequence combined with advanced AMARES prior knowledge was used to eliminate the metabolite residuals, fit, and parametrize 10 MM components directly from 9.4T rat brain in vivo 1 H-MR spectra at different TEs. Monte Carlo simulations were also used to assess the concomitant influence of parametrized MM and DKNTMN parameter in LCModel. RESULTS: A very stiff baseline (DKNTMN ≥ 1 ppm) in combination with a single MM spectrum led to deviations in metabolite concentrations. For some metabolites the parametrized MM showed deviations from the ground truth for all DKNTMN values. Adding prior knowledge on parametrized MM improved MM and metabolite quantification. The apparent T2 ranged between 12 and 24 ms for seven MM peaks. CONCLUSION: Moderate flexibility in the spline baseline was required for reliable quantification of real/experimental spectra based on in vivo and Monte Carlo data. Prior knowledge on parametrized MM improved MM and metabolite quantification.
- MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- makromolekulární látky metabolismus MeSH
- mozek - chemie * MeSH
- mozek * diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
PURPOSE: The purpose of the current study was to use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to conduct tractography of the optic radiations (OR) and its component bundles and to assess both the degree of hemispheric asymmetry and the inter-subject variability of Meyer's Loop (ML). We hypothesized that there are significant left versus right differences in the anterior extent of ML to the temporal pole (TP) in healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DTI data were acquired on a 3T Siemens MRI system using a single-shot Spin Echo EPI sequence. The dorsal, central and ML bundles of the OR were tracked and visualized in forty hemispheres of twenty healthy volunteers. The uncinate fasciculus (UF) was also tracked in these subjects so that it could be used as a distinct anatomical reference. Measurements were derived for the distance between ML-TP, ML and the temporal horn (ML-TH) and ML and the uncinate fasciculus (ML-UF). Paired difference t-tests were carried out with SPSS 14.0. RESULTS: ML and the UF were successfully tracked and visualized in all 20 volunteers. Significant hemispheric asymmetries were found for all measurements with left distances shorter than the right (P<0.005). In 50% of the subjects the left ML-UF distance was ≤1.9 mm. CONCLUSION: The results support our hypothesis and demonstrate that left ML-TP distances are significantly shorter than right ML-TP distances. These asymmetries are also reflected in shorter left distances between ML-TH and ML-UF. Moreover, these results are of interest to left-sided temporal lobe epilepsy surgery because it is not only more likely to disturb the anterior extent of ML but also renders the often closely located posterior aspect of the left UF more vulnerable to potential surgical impact.
- MeSH
- bílá hmota anatomie a histologie MeSH
- čelní lalok anatomie a histologie MeSH
- difuzní magnetická rezonance metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- funkční lateralita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- limbický systém anatomie a histologie MeSH
- metathalamus anatomie a histologie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nervové dráhy anatomie a histologie MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- spánkový lalok anatomie a histologie MeSH
- zobrazování difuzních tenzorů metody MeSH
- zrakové korové centrum anatomie a histologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH