Cats are important hosts for different zoonotic parasites that can be hazardous to human health. To date, few studies have attempted to identify the factors affecting parasitic infections in shelter animals. This study aims to analyse the presence of endoparasites in shelter cats in Tartu, Estonia, and identify factors affecting endoparasite prevalence and intensity. The risk factors considered were age, location (urban vs rural cats) and time spent in shelter. In total, 290 faecal samples were collected from cats at an animal shelter in 2015-2016 and investigated for endoparasites using the concentration flotation technique. In total, 138 shelter cats (47.6%) were infected with endoparasites and their overall prevalence was: Toxocara cati (36.6%), Cystoisospora spp. (12.4%), Taeniidae gen. sp. (4.1%), Toxoplasma gondii/Hammondia hammondi (3.4%), Eucoleus aerophilus (2.1%), Cryptosporidium spp. (2.1%), Ancylostoma sp. (0.7%) and Giardia sp. (0.7%). Coinfections occurred in 38 cats (13.1%) most frequently of T. cati and Cystoisospora spp. (4.5%), Cystoisospora spp. and T. gondii/H. hammondi (2.1%). Where species identification of cestode and nematode samples was not possible according to morphology, genetic analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene was carried out. DNA was successfully analysed for 6 out of 13 samples that required genetic identification, revealing Ancylostoma tubaeforme in one nematode sample and Hydatigera taeniaeformis in five cestode samples. Cats from rural areas had significantly higher endoparasite prevalence than cats from urban areas. Helminth prevalence decreased to some extent due to anthelmintic treatment in cats available for adoption (held ≥15 days in the shelter), whereas the prevalence of infection with protists increased significantly in these animals. It is important to note that the analysis revealed lower infection intensity for quarantine cats (held 1-14 days in the shelter) compared with cats available for adoption. The relatively high prevalence of endoparasites (including zoonotic) in shelter cats ready for adoption suggests that current anthelminthic procedures require improvements.

• MeSH
• Ancylostoma izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Cestoda izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• cizopasní červi MeSH
• Coccidia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Cryptosporidium izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• geny helmintů MeSH
• Giardia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• giardiáza MeSH
• hlístice izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kočky parazitologie   MeSH
• paraziti * klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• respirační komplex IV genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Toxoplasma izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• zoonózy parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Estonsko MeSH

The aim of this study was to describe the numbers and characteristics of cats entering Czech shelters. Records of sheltered cats were collected from three cat shelters situated in different regions of the Czech Republic from 2011 to 2015. A total of 2170 cat admissions were analyzed in this study. Significantly (p < .001) greater numbers of females (56%) were admitted. Most cats (60%) were admitted when they were aged younger than six months. Cats with dark coat colors prevailed (73%), cats with medium-shade colors followed (20%), and light-colored cats were the rarest (7%). The greatest numbers of cats were admitted in summer (36%), followed by autumn (33%). The fewest cats were admitted in winter (14%). Adoption was the most common outcome for admitted cats (65%), followed by unassisted death (22%) and euthanasia (11%) due to health reasons. Only 2% of cats were reclaimed from the shelters by their original caretakers. The length of stay ranged from 0 days to 1736 days with a median of 45 days. These findings may help shelter operators define optimal strategies and operational plans.

• MeSH
• barva MeSH
• eutanazie u zvířat statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kastrace veterinární   MeSH
• kočky * MeSH
• mortalita MeSH
• pohoda zvířat statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vlastnictví statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky * MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Opuštěná, toulavá a nechtěná zvířata jsou problém v celém světě. Psi, kočky a jiná toulavá zvířata mohou být hrozbou pro lidské zdraví, protože jsou přenašeči virových, bakteriálních, parazitických a fungálních zoonotických onemocnění. Mohou atakovat či poranit člověka, jiné živočichy a způsobit dopravní nehodu. V optimálním případě jsou zvířata nalezena, zachráněna, ošetřena a je o ně postaráno v útulcích a podobných zařízeních. I když jsou zvířata chována ve vhodných podmínkách s dobrým welfare, psi trpí nedostatkem pravidelného kontaktu s člověkem, protože jsou to zvířata nanejvýš společenská. Záchranná zařízení, depozita a azyly jsou navíc často přeplněné a provoz je drahý. Nalezení nových domovů pro tato zvířata je tedy vysoce žádoucí. Adopce psů z útulků je složitý proces zahrnující mnoho faktorů, například plemenný typ, velikost, barvu srsti, způsob přijetí do útulku, délku pobytu, zdravotní stav a chování psa. Vnímání nových majitelů, jejich schopnosti, znalosti a zodpovědnost jsou rovněž velmi důležité. V neposlední řadě přístup zaměstnanců útulku ke zvířatům hraje také svou roli. Za úspěšný adopční proces je považován takový, kdy osvojitel poskytne psu vhodné podmínky a nedojde k vrácení adoptovaného psa do útulku. Tento příspěvek pojednává o okolnostech výběru psa, postadopčním období a často se vyskytujících problémech, které musí osvojitel řešit.

Abandoned, stray and unwanted pets have been problem all over the world. Dogs, cats and other stray animals can be significant threat to human health since they are careers of viral, bacterial, rickettsial, parasitic, and fungal zoonotic diseases. They may attack, hurt and injure people, animals and cause road accident. In optimal way the animals are found, rescued, treated and kept in shelters and other facilities. Even if the pets are kept in appropriate conditions with good welfare, the dogs suffer from the lack of regular human contact as they have been sociable animals. Moreover, the rescue sites, deposits and sanctuaries are mostly fulfilled, and keeping is expensive. The finding new homes for these animals is highly desirable. Adoption of dogs from shelters is a complex phenomena including many factors, e. g. bred type, size, colour of coat, mode of intake, lenght of stay, health and behavior of dog. The perception of new owners, their skills, knowledge and responsibility seem to be very important. At last but not least shelter attitude to animals and potential owners play role too. Successful adoption process is when the owner‘s possibilities, conditions, and abilities provide optimal conditions for dogs, and adopted animals are not returned to the shelter. This paper deals with circumstances surrounding the process of choosing a dog by the adopter, the postadoption time and the most common problems the adopter faces.

• Klíčová slova
• pes z útulku,
• MeSH
• chování zvířat MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohoda zvířat * MeSH
• pouto mezi člověkem a zvířetem * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psi * psychologie   MeSH
• vlastnictví MeSH
• výběrové chování MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• psi * psychologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

V naší laboratoři bylo vyšetřeno 376 vzorků trusu koček (01/2009 až 06/2009) pomocí PCR na Tritrichomas foetus (T.f). Jednalo se o případy zaslané veterinárními lékaři s podezřením na T.f. Kočky pocházely převážně z Německa, několik vzorků ze zahraničí. Třicet šest zvířat mělo pozitivní nález na T.f (9,6 %), u čtyř dalších koček (1 %) bylo prokázáno Tritrichomonas spp., Pokud to bylo možné, byly shromážděny podmínky chovu a anamnéza pozitivních zvířat. Převážná část těchto zvířat byla jeden rok stará nebo mladší. Jednalo se téměř výlučně o čistokrevné kočky. Mnoho jich žilo v chovech, v útulcích nebo alespoň v domácnostech s více kočkami, avšak také se vyskytovaly kočky chované samostatně a evropské krátkosrsté kočky. Dodatečně bylo vyšetřeno dalších 297 vzorků trusu koček (12/2008 až 03/2009) pomocí PCR na T. specifickém – PCR. U dvou koček bylo nejdříve odhaleno molekulárně biologicky Pentatrichomonas hominis (P. hominis) bez přítomnosti T.f. Data ukázala, že T.f. se vyskytuje jako možný původce průjmů koček také v Německu a musíme ji zahrnout do diferenciální diagnostiky. Musí být proveden výzkum patogenity P. hominis, stejně tak i další studie o prevalenci k T.f a P. hominis. f. Tyto vzorky pocházely ze zásilek k diagnostice průjmů a byly vybrány jen na základě hlenově – krvavého charakteru trusu. Další data k těmto kočkám nebyla dostupná. Z těchto 297 zvířat reagovalo 6,7 % pozitivně na trichomonády –PCR a polovina těchto zvířat v T.f. specifickém – PCR. U dvou koček bylo nejdříve odhaleno molekulárně biologicky Pentatrichomonas hominis (P. hominis) bez přítomnosti T.f. Data ukázala, že T.f. se vyskytuje jako možný původce průjmů koček také v Německu a musíme ji zahrnout do diferenciální diagnostiky. Musí být proveden výzkum patogenity P. hominis, stejně tak i další studie o prevalenci k T.f a P. hominis.

There were examined 376 samples of cat feces (from 01/2009 to 06/2009) using the PCR for Tritrichomonas foetus (T.f.) in our laboratory. The veterinarians sent us these samples with a suspicion of T.f. The cats came mostly from Germany, a few came from foreign countries. 36 animals (9.6%) were positive for T.f., in 4 other cats (1%) Trichomonas spp. was proved. In cases where it was possible, the anamnesis and the housing conditions of positive animals were collected. Most of these animals were one year old or younger. Almost all of them were purebred cats. Many cats lived in breeding, in shelters or at least in households with more cats. But there were also separately kept cats and European Shorthairs. Other 297 samples of cat feces were examined additionally (from 12/2008 to 03/2009) using the PCR for T.f. These samples came from shipments sent for the diagnosis of diarrhea and they were selected only on the basis of bloody mucus character of the feces. Other data about these cats were not accessible. 6.7% from these 297 animals responded positively to Trichomonas-PCR and a half of these animals to T.f. specific-PCR. Pentatrichomonas (P.) hominis without a presence of T.f. was detected in 2 cats primarily based on the molecular biology. The data showed that T.f. occurs as a potential etiological agent of diarrhea in cats also in Germany and it is necessary to include it in a differential diagnosis. It is necessary to realize a research on the pathogenicity of P. hominis and other studies on the prevalence of T.f. and P. hominis.

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• feces * parazitologie   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• nemoci koček MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• průjem * etiologie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Tritrichomonas foetus * MeSH
• veterinární lékařství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of antibodies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) and Leptospira interrogans sensu lato (Lisl) and their possible concurrence in domestic cats living in variable conditions in South Moravia in the district of Brno and its environs. Additional objectives were to discover possible differences in seroprevalence between groups of cats living in different living conditions, and to determine the spectrum of Leptospira serogroups in cats in the same places. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 360 blood sera from domestic cats of 3 different sets were collected during the period 2013-2015. All samples were examined using ELISA for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against Bbsl, and the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of antibodies against 8 serogroups of Lisl. RESULTS: The ELISA method determined 15.8%, 4.8% and 10.3% IgM anti-Borrelia antibodies in the patient group, shelter cats and street cats, respectively. IgG anti-Borrelia antibodies were found in 6.2%, 9.5%, 5.2%, respectively. Antibodies specific for 5 Leptospira serogroups were detected by the use of MAT in 8.8%, 9.5% and 10.3% of cats from the investigated groups. The total positivity of all examined cats for anti-Borrelia antibodies was 18.0% and for anti-Leptospira - 9.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Cats can be infected with both Bbsl and Lisl. The obtained results are exclusive to the city of Brno and its environs, and are comparable to the limited previous studies. There is a need for further studies of clinical signs of both infections and the possible transmission of Leptospira by ticks.

• MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi komplex izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• Leptospira interrogans izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• leptospiróza epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• lymeská nemoc epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci koček epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus associated with fatal disease in progressively infected cats. While testing/removal and vaccination led to a decreased prevalence of FeLV, recently, this decrease has reportedly stagnated in some countries. This study aimed to prospectively determine the prevalence of FeLV viraemia in cats taken to veterinary facilities in 32 European countries. FeLV viral RNA was semiquantitatively detected in saliva, using RT-qPCR as a measure of viraemia. Risk and protective factors were assessed using an online questionnaire to report geographic, demographic, husbandry, FeLV vaccination, and clinical data. The overall prevalence of FeLV viraemia in cats visiting a veterinary facility, of which 10.4% were shelter and rescue cats, was 2.3% (141/6005; 95% CI: 2.0%-2.8%) with the highest prevalences in Portugal, Hungary, and Italy/Malta (5.7%-8.8%). Using multivariate analysis, seven risk factors (Southern Europe, male intact, 1-6 years of age, indoor and outdoor or outdoor-only living, living in a group of ≥5 cats, illness), and three protective factors (Northern Europe, Western Europe, pedigree cats) were identified. Using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, the origin of cats in Europe, pedigree, and access to outdoors were important predictors of FeLV status. FeLV-infected sick cats shed more viral RNA than FeLV-infected healthy cats, and they suffered more frequently from anaemia, anorexia, and gingivitis/stomatitis than uninfected sick cats. Most cats had never been FeLV-vaccinated; vaccination rates were indirectly associated with the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. In conclusion, we identified countries where FeLV was undetectable, demonstrating that the infection can be eradicated and highlighting those regions where awareness and prevention should be increased.

• MeSH
• infekce onkogenními viry diagnóza   epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• nemoci koček diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• ochranné faktory MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• retrovirové infekce diagnóza   epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sliny virologie   MeSH
• viremie diagnóza   epidemiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• virus kočičí leukemie izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Svrab je celosvětově rozšířené kontagiózní onemocnění kůže způsobené parazitickými roztoči Otodectes cynotis, Notoedres cati a u koček velmi vzácně Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. Největším rezervoárem jsou velké skupiny koček (útulky, množírny) a volně žijící jedinci. Šíří se přímým kontaktem, nejčastěji z matky na mláďata nebo kontaminovanými předměty. Určité riziko představuje i pro člověka, jelikož nákaza vykazuje zoonotický potenciál. Onemocnění se vyznačuje výrazným pruritem, kožními změnami v oblasti hlavy a bez terapie se případně může rozšířit na další části těla. Diagnostika je založena na přímém průkazu původce nebo jeho vývojových stadií mikroskopicky, buď z kožního seškrabu u Notoedres cati, nebo u Otodectes cynotis otoskopicky, případně z ušního stěru. Současným trendem v terapii svrabu je použití systémových antiparazitik. Výhodou je snadná aplikace a vysoká efektivita. Terapeuticky je důležité vždy přeléčit všechna zvířata v domácnosti.

Mange in cats is a worldwide spread contagious skin disease caused by the parasitic mites Otodectes cynotis, Notoedres cati and very rarely Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis. The largest reservoirs are large groups of cats (shelters, breeding facilities) and feral cat colonies. Mange spreads through direct contact, most often from mother to its kittens or through contact with contaminated objects. Mange also post a certain risk to humans because of the zoonotic potential of the infection. The disease is characterized by significant pruritus, skin lesions affecting the head and without therapy may eventually spread to other parts of the body. Diagnosis is based on direct microscopic identification of the mite or its eggs either from skin scraping in Notoedres cati or in Otodectes cynotis by otoscopic examination, or from the ear swab. Current trend in treatment of cat mange is use of systemic antiparasitics. The advantage is easy application and high efficiency. It is therapeutically important to always treat all animals in the household.

• MeSH
• akaricidy aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antiparazitární látky aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• infestace ektoparazity veterinární   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• nemoci koček etiologie   farmakoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• otitis externa etiologie   farmakoterapie   veterinární   MeSH
• svrab * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Contamination of soil with feline and canine ascarid eggs in public parks, backyards and sand pits in Prague, Czech Republic was investigated in this work. Soil samples from shelters and rural areas were also collected. The comparison of soil from different areas (urban, rural, backyards and shelters) exhibited significant difference (chi(2)=32.16, d.f.=3 and p<0.0001). The highest rate of contamination (45%) was found in backyards inhabited by feral cats. The eggs of Toxocara spp. were found in 20.4% of parks, 10% of shelters and 5% of rural samples. Mean egg density per sample from Prague parks was 6.2 eggs/100g of soil. In 126 composite samples from children's and pits, the prevalence of Toxocara eggs was 11.90%. The number of eggs in positive samples varied from 2 to 22 (per 100g). A high proportion (46.9%) of eggs was fully embryonated. There was no difference between the sand pits with or without formal exclusion of dogs (chi(2)=0.6, d.f.=1 and p<0.0001).

• MeSH
• feces parazitologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• počet parazitárních vajíček veterinární   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• psi MeSH
• půda parazitologie   MeSH
• Toxocara izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• toxokaróza epidemiologie   přenos   MeSH
• veřejná zařízení MeSH
• veřejné zdravotnictví MeSH
• zdraví ve městech MeSH
• zdraví venkovských oblastí MeSH
• zoonózy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Companion animals can be infested by various species of parasitic insects. Cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (C. felis felis) (Bouché, 1835) and dog flea Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis, 1826) belong to multihost external parasites of mammals, which most frequently occur on domestic cats Felis catus Linnaeus and dogs Canis familiaris Linnaeus. The main aim of this study was to investigate the presence of pathogens, such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum (syn. Ehrlichia phagocytophila) and Rickettsia spp., in adult C. felis and C. canis fleas. Flea sampling has been realised from January 2013 to April 2017 in veterinary clinics, animal shelters and pet grooming salons. Fleas were collected from domestic cats and dogs, directly from the pet skin or hair. Then, the DNA was isolated from a single flea by using the alkaline hydrolysis and samples were screened for the presence of pathogens using PCR method. Anaplasma phagocytophilum has occurred in 29% of examined C. felis and 16% of C. canis individuals. In turn, the prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in cat fleas population was only 3%, and the dog fleas 7%. The present study showed the presence of pathogenic agents in cat and dog fleas, which indicates the potential role of these insects in circulation of A. phagocytophilum and Rickettsia spp. in the natural habitat. Furthermore, exposition to these flea species, whose hosts are domestic cats and dogs, can pose a potential risk of infection for humans.

• MeSH
• Anaplasma phagocytophilum izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Ctenocephalides mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Rickettsia izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH