Objective.Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a promising approach for the treatment of a wide variety of debilitating conditions, including autoimmune diseases and intractable epilepsy. Much remains to be learned about the molecular mechanisms involved in vagus nerve regulation of organ function. Despite an abundance of well-characterized rodent models of common chronic diseases, currently available technologies are rarely suitable for the required long-term experiments in freely moving animals, particularly experimental mice. Due to challenging anatomical limitations, many relevant experiments require miniaturized, less invasive, and wireless devices for precise stimulation of the vagus nerve and other peripheral nerves of interest. Our objective is to outline possible solutions to this problem by using nongenetic light-based stimulation.Approach.We describe how to design and benchmark new microstimulation devices that are based on transcutaneous photovoltaic stimulation. The approach is to use wired multielectrode cuffs to test different stimulation patterns, and then build photovoltaic stimulators to generate the most optimal patterns. We validate stimulation through heart rate analysis.Main results.A range of different stimulation geometries are explored with large differences in performance. Two types of photovoltaic devices are fabricated to deliver stimulation: photocapacitors and photovoltaic flags. The former is simple and more compact, but has limited efficiency. The photovoltaic flag approach is more elaborate, but highly efficient. Both can be used for wireless actuation of the vagus nerve using light impulses.Significance.These approaches can enable studies in small animals that were previously challenging, such as long-termin vivostudies for mapping functional vagus nerve innervation. This new knowledge may have potential to support clinical translation of VNS for treatment of select inflammatory and neurologic diseases.

• MeSH
• bezdrátová technologie * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• vagová stimulace * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This paper describes application and design of wireless holter with innovative functionality, used it in field of human muscle monitoring. In our experiments we monitored EMG (electromyography), MMG (mechanomyography) and EIM (electrical impedance myography) all by single device. It is first time when these all parameters were monitored simultaneously taking advantage of the holter device data output in order to find the signals interconnection. Our data were compared with normally used medical device and signal quality was verified.

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• elektrická stimulace MeSH
• elektromyografie * MeSH
• kosterní svaly patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody   MeSH
• myografie * metody   MeSH
• nemoci svalů diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Objective.For decades electrical stimulation has been used in neuroscience to investigate brain networks and been deployed clinically as a mode of therapy. Classically, all methods of electrical stimulation require implanted electrodes to be connected in some manner to an apparatus which provides power for the stimulation itself.Approach. We show the use of novel organic electronic devices, specifically organic electrolytic photocapacitors (OEPCs), which can be activated when illuminated with deep-red wavelengths of light and correspondingly do not require connections with external wires or power supplies when implanted at various depthsin vivo. Main results. We stimulated cortical brain tissue of mice with devices implanted subcutaneously, as well as beneath both the skin and skull to demonstrate a wireless stimulation of the whisker motor cortex. Devices induced both a behavior response (whisker movement) and a sensory response in the corresponding sensory cortex. Additionally, we showed that coating OEPCs with a thin layer of a conducting polymer formulation (PEDOT:PSS) significantly increases their charge storage capacity, and can be used to further optimize the applied photoelectrical stimulation.Significance. Overall, this new technology can provide an on-demand electrical stimulation by simply using an OEPC and a deep-red wavelength illumination. Wires and interconnects to provide power to implanted neurostimulation electrodes are often problematic in freely-moving animal research and with implanted electrodes for long-term therapy in patients. Our wireless brain stimulation opens new perspectives for wireless electrical stimulation for applications in fundamental neurostimulation and in chronic therapy.

• MeSH
• elektrická stimulace metody   MeSH
• implantované elektrody MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek * fyziologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• somatosenzorické korové centrum * MeSH
• zdroje elektrické energie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Implantable devices for the wireless modulation of neural tissue need to be designed for reliability, safety and reduced invasiveness. Here we report chronic electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve in rats by an implanted organic electrolytic photocapacitor that transduces deep-red light into electrical signals. The photocapacitor relies on commercially available semiconducting non-toxic pigments and is integrated in a conformable 0.1-mm3 thin-film cuff. In freely moving rats, fixation of the cuff around the sciatic nerve, 10 mm below the surface of the skin, allowed stimulation (via 50-1,000-μs pulses of deep-red light at wavelengths of 638 nm or 660 nm) of the nerve for over 100 days. The robustness, biocompatibility, low volume and high-performance characteristics of organic electrolytic photocapacitors may facilitate the wireless chronic stimulation of peripheral nerves.

• MeSH
• elektrická stimulace MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• nervus ischiadicus * fyziologie   MeSH
• protézy a implantáty * MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Po několik desítek let je zavedení transvenózní trvalé kardiostimulace považováno za zlatý standard léčby nemocných s bradyarytmiemi. Nicméně samy transvenózní elektrody mohou být zdrojem komplikací stejně jako subkutánní uložení vlastního kardiostimulátoru. Shrnujeme současný pohled na nově zaváděnou léčbu pomocí bezdrátových kardiostimulátorů implantovaných zcela intrakardiálně, včetně analýzy prvního použití v humánní medicíně u nemocných indikovaných k jednodutinové komorové stimulaci. S využitím transfemorálního přístupu se stimulační systém implantuje do oblasti apikoseptální části pravé komory srdeční. Popisujeme technické a klinické aspekty nově zaváděné technologie. Dva rozdílné stimulační systémy pro kompletně bezdrátovou kardiostimulaci jsou v současné době implantovány nemocným. Získaná data prokazují velmi stabilní elektrické parametry implantované technologie (stimulační práh, snímání elektrického potenciálu a stimulační odpor) nebo dokonce jejich progresivní zlepšení v době sledování po implantaci. Diskutujeme také potenciální přínos pro budoucnost trvalé kardiostimulace; shrnujeme, že doposud získaná data přesvědčivě prokazují velmi dobré parametry nově zaváděné bezdrátově kardiostimulace.

For several decades, the traditional transvenous approach to permanent cardiac pacing has been accepted as the gold standard approach to the treatment of patients with bradycardias. However, it can be associated with significant acute and chronic complications related partly to either the insertion of the transvenous lead or subcutaneous placement of the pacemaker device. We summarise the current results of novel self‑contained leadless cardiac pacemakers in the first‑in‑man and subsequent series of feasibility studies in patients indicated for ventricular rate‑responsive pacing (VVI). Using a femoral venous approach, the device is implanted in the right ventricular apical septum region. We describe the technical and clinical characterisation of this innovative technology. Two different systems of leadless pacemakers are currently implanted in patients. Up to now, the electrical parameters, such as pacing thresholds, sensing parameters, and pacing impedances, either improved or remained stable within the accepted range. We also discuss the potential benefit for the future of permanent cardiac stimulation, but in summary, all available data demonstrate the feasibility of leadless cardiac pacing.

• Klíčová slova
• trvalá kardiostimulace, Nanostim LCP, Micra TPS, bezdrátový kardiostimulátor,
• MeSH
• bezdrátová technologie * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• bezpečnost vybavení MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• endokard MeSH
• kardiostimulace umělá * dějiny   metody   trendy   MeSH
• kardiostimulátor MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroelektromechanické systémy * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• miniaturizace MeSH
• srdeční arytmie terapie   MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• ultrazvuk MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Neurostimulation employing photoactive organic semiconductors offers an appealing alternative to conventional techniques, enabling targeted action and wireless control through light. In this study, organic electrolytic photocapacitors (OEPC) are employed to investigate the effects of light-controlled electric stimulation on neuronal networks in vitro and in vivo. The interactions between the devices and biological systems are characterized. Stimulation of primary rat cortical neurons results in an elevated expression of c-Fos within a mature neuronal network. OEPC implantation for three weeks and subsequent stimulation of the somatosensory cortex leads to an increase of c-Fos in neurons at the stimulation site and in connected brain regions (entorhinal cortex, hippocampus), both in the ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres. Reactivity of glial and immune cells after semi-chronic implantation of OEPC in the rat brain is comparable to that of surgical controls, indicating minimal foreign body response. Device functionality is further substantiated through retained charging dynamics following explantation. OEPC-based, light-controlled electric stimulation has a significant impact on neural responsiveness. The absence of detrimental effects on both the brain and device encourages further use of OEPC as cortical implants. These findings highlight its potential as a novel mode of neurostimulation and instigate further exploration into applications in fundamental neuroscience.

• MeSH
• elektrická stimulace * metody   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• nervová síť fyziologie   MeSH
• neurony * metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• polovodiče MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• světlo MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Gastric dysmotility can be a sign of common diseases such as longstanding diabetes mellitus. It is known that the application of high-frequency low-energetic stimulation can help to effectively moderate and alleviate the symptoms of gastric dysmotility. The goal of the research was the development of a miniature, endoscopically implantable device to a submucosal pocket. The implantable device is a fully customized electronic package which was specifically designed for the purpose of experiments in the submucosa. The device is equipped with a lithium-ion battery which can be recharged wirelessly by receiving an incident magnetic field from the charging/transmitting coil. The uplink communication is achieved in a MedRadio band at 432 MHz. The device was endoscopically inserted into the submucosal pocket of a live domestic pig used as an in vivo model, specifically in the stomach antrum. The experiment confirmed that the designed device can be implanted into the submucosa and is capable of bidirectional communication. The device can perform bipolar stimulation of muscle tissue.

• MeSH
• bezdrátová technologie MeSH
• design vybavení * MeSH
• elektrostimulační terapie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• gastrointestinální endoskopie metody   MeSH
• gastroparéza terapie   MeSH
• implantabilní neurostimulátory * MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• audiovizuální média MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In this study we explore how music can entrain human walkers to synchronise to the musical beat without being instructed to do so. For this, we use an interactive music player, called D-Jogger, that senses the user's walking tempo and phase. D-Jogger aligns the music by manipulating the timing difference between beats and footfalls. Experiments are reported that led to the development and optimisation of four alignment strategies. The first strategy matched the music's tempo continuously to the runner's pace. The second strategy matched the music's tempo at the beginning of a song to the runner's pace, keeping the tempo constant for the remainder of the song. The third alignment starts a song in perfect phase synchrony and continues to adjust the tempo to match the runner's pace. The fourth and last strategy additionally adjusts the phase of the music so each beat matches a footfall. The first two strategies resulted in a minor increase of steps in phase synchrony with the main beat when compared to a random playlist, the last two strategies resulted in a strong increase in synchronised steps. These results may be explained in terms of phase-error correction mechanisms and motor prediction schemes. Finding the phase-lock is difficult due to fluctuations in the interaction, whereas strategies that automatically align the phase between movement and music solve the problem of finding the phase-locking. Moreover, the data show that once the phase-lock is found, alignment can be easily maintained, suggesting that less entrainment effort is needed to keep the phase-lock, than to find the phase-lock. The different alignment strategies of D-Jogger can be applied in different domains such as sports, physical rehabilitation and assistive technologies for movement performance.

• MeSH
• akustická stimulace MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• bezdrátová technologie MeSH
• chůze * MeSH
• elektrické vybavení a zdroje MeSH
• hudba * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• noha (od hlezna dolů) fyziologie   MeSH
• technologie přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• informační technologie MeSH
• lékařská informatika MeSH
• telemedicína MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Informační věda
• NLK Obory
• knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie