Apoprotein SAA is analyzed from the aspect of its function of a general reactant of the acute stage--an indicator of the laboratory activity. The authors give general characteristics of this protein incl. the incidence and probable genesis of different isotypes. On several examples he demonstrates the lack of dependence between the incidence of isotypes and the development of amyloidosis or the basic pathological cause leading to laboratory activity. The simple relationship between the circulating precursor of SAA protein and the deposited AA amyloid fibrils is not unequivocal. Factors leading to the deposition of amyloid are, however, mentioned only liminally. The author discusses in more detail the induction of SAA protein formation at the level of genetic information which makes possible a potent acute response expressed by a rapid and brisk rise of plasma levels.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sérový amyloid A metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• zánět patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• sérový amyloid A MeSH

• MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   MeSH
• komplement C3 analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pánevní zánět imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální vakcíny MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH
• komplement C3 MeSH

The NewProt protein engineering portal is a one-stop-shop for in silico protein engineering. It gives access to a large number of servers that compute a wide variety of protein structure characteristics supporting work on the modification of proteins through the introduction of (multiple) point mutations. The results can be inspected through multiple visualizers. The HOPE software is included to indicate mutations with possible undesired side effects. The Hotspot Wizard software is embedded for the design of mutations that modify a proteins' activity, specificity, or stability. The NewProt portal is freely accessible at http://newprot.cmbi.umcn.nl/ and http://newprot.fluidops.net/.

• Klíčová slova
• mutant analysis, portal, protein design, protein engineering, web server,
• MeSH
• databáze proteinů * MeSH
• internet * MeSH
• molekulární modely MeSH
• proteinové inženýrství metody   MeSH
• proteiny * chemie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• software * MeSH
• uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteiny * MeSH

The chemical and physical characteristics of the individual components of the protein-C inhibiting system, protein C, thrombomodulin, protein S and the inhibitor of the activated protein C are summarized in a survey, with their mutual relations and their physiological impact on the course of the coagulating and fibrinolytic systems being represented. Finally, the clinical implications of a hereditary and acquired protein C deficiency, of a diminished protein S level and a lowered inhibitor of the activated protein C are discussed. The complications caused by a rapid decline of protein C values after administration of coumarin derivates are referred too.

• MeSH
• inhibitor proteinu C MeSH
• krevní proteiny fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nedostatek proteinu C MeSH
• protein C antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• inhibitor proteinu C MeSH
• krevní proteiny MeSH
• protein C MeSH

Vascular calcification was once regarded as an advanced stage of atherosclerosis only. However, calcification is currently considered as highly regulated and potentially reversible process.Matrix Gla protein (MGP) represents natural inhibitor of vascular calcification, whereas vitamin K is key co-factor of its maturation to the active form. There is accumulating evidence that vitamin K status and corresponding MGP activity may influence cardiovascular risk. This review summarizes pathophysiological mechanism and recent evidence relative to MGP. Moreover, available data concerning vitamin K supplementation are depicted.

• Klíčová slova
• cardiovascular diseases., matrix Gla protein, vascular calcifications, vitamin K,
• MeSH
• antifibrinolytika terapeutické užití   MeSH
• extracelulární matrix - proteiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixový protein Gla MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• proteiny vázající vápník terapeutické užití   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• vaskulární kalcifikace prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• vitamin K terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antifibrinolytika MeSH
• extracelulární matrix - proteiny MeSH
• proteiny vázající vápník MeSH
• vitamin K MeSH

Elevated C-reactive protein concentration, measured by an ultrasensitive method (hsCRP), has been proved to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis progression and its complications (myocardial infarction and stroke) in otherwise healthy men and women. In patients with already diagnosed atherosclerotic disease elevated concentration of hsCRP predicts prognosis. There are multiple causes of elevated hsCRP concentration: metabolic changes (e.g. as a part of metabolic syndrome), genetic background and chronic infections. Proinflammatory effect of adipose tissue in obese individuals seems to play an important role, hsCRP levels correlate with markers of abdominal obesity. Elevated hsCRP concentrations can be lowered both pharmacologically and by a lifestyle change. This review covers current knowledge of pathophysiology of elevated hsCRP concentration and possible use of this method in clinical medicine.

• MeSH
• arterioskleróza diagnóza   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   fyziologie   MeSH
• imunoanalýza metody   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci diagnóza   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom diagnóza   MeSH
• nefelometrie a turbidimetrie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH

BACKGROUND: Identification of serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) biomarkers may facilitate diagnosis and prognostication in various lung disorders. OBJECTIVE: Serum and BALF levels of surfactant protein A (SP-A), surfactant protein D (SP-D), Clara cell protein 16 (CC16), S100 protein, trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), and prostatic secretory protein 94 (PSP94) were evaluated in 94 consecutive patients (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF; n=18), sarcoidosis (n=25), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n=51)), and in 155 healthy controls. METHODS: Biomarkers were measured at diagnosis and compared with disease characteristics. Both uniparametric and multiparametric analyses were used. RESULTS: Seven significant correlations were found: 1) BALF PSP94 level correlated with prognosis of sarcoidosis (P=0.035); 2) BALF SP-D level with pulmonary functions in IPF (P=0.032); 3) BALF SP-D and TFF3 with IPF mortality (P=0.049 and 0.017, respectively); 4) serum TFF3 level with COPD mortality (P=0.006,); 5) serum SP-A with pulmonary functions impairment in IPF (P=0.011); 6) serum SP-D level was associated with HRCT interstitial score in IPF (P=0.0346); and 7) serum SP-A was associated with staging of COPD according to spirometry (P<0.001). Moreover, our analysis showed that some biomarker levels differed significantly among the diseases: 1) BALF SP-D level differed between sarcoidosis and IPF; 2) serum SP-A level differed among IPF, sarcoidosis, COPD and was also different from healthy controls; 3) serum S100A6, S100A11 levels differed among IPF, sarcoidosis, COPD from healthy controls 4) serum SP-D, CC16, TFF-3 levels distinguished IPF patients from healthy controls; and 5) serum CC16, TFF3, PSP94 distinguished COPD patients from healthy controls. Our study shows that some of selected biomarkers should have prognostic value in the analysed lung disorders. On the other hand, these biomarkers do not appear to be unequivocally suitable for differential diagnosis of these disorders.

• Klíčová slova
• Surfactant protein A, surfactant protein D, Clara cell protein 16, S100 protein, trefoil factor 3, prostatic secretory protein 94, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease,
• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina chemie   MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc krev   diagnóza   mortalita   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktor TFF3 krev   MeSH
• idiopatická plicní fibróza krev   diagnóza   mortalita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• plíce diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• plicní sarkoidóza krev   diagnóza   mortalita   MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• protein A asociovaný s plicním surfaktantem krev   MeSH
• protein D asociovaný s plicním surfaktantem krev   MeSH
• proteiny S100 krev   MeSH
• sekreční proteiny prostaty krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spirometrie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• uteroglobin krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• beta-microseminoprotein MeSH Prohlížeč
• biologické markery MeSH
• faktor TFF3 MeSH
• protein A asociovaný s plicním surfaktantem MeSH
• protein D asociovaný s plicním surfaktantem MeSH
• proteiny S100 MeSH
• SCGB1A1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• sekreční proteiny prostaty MeSH
• TFF3 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• uteroglobin MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protein 1 vázající insulinu podobné růstové faktory MeSH
• proteiny vázající insulinu podobné růstové faktory * MeSH
• těhotenské proteiny * metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• transportní proteiny MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• IGFBP1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• protein 1 vázající insulinu podobné růstové faktory MeSH
• proteiny vázající insulinu podobné růstové faktory * MeSH
• těhotenské proteiny * MeSH
• transportní proteiny MeSH

BACKGROUND: Studying the patterns of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is fundamental for understanding the structure and function of protein complexes. The exploration of the vast space of possible mutual configurations of interacting proteins and their contact zones is very time consuming and requires the proteomic expert knowledge. RESULTS: In this paper, we propose a novel tool containing a set of visual abstraction techniques for the guided exploration of PPI configuration space. It helps proteomic experts to select the most relevant configurations and explore their contact zones at different levels of detail. The system integrates a set of methods that follow and support the workflow of proteomics experts. The first visual abstraction method, the Matrix view, is based on customized interactive heat maps and provides the users with an overview of all possible residue-residue contacts in all PPI configurations and their interactive filtering. In this step, the user can traverse all input PPI configurations and obtain an overview of their interacting amino acids. Then, the models containing a particular pair of interacting amino acids can be selectively picked and traversed. Detailed information on the individual amino acids in the contact zones and their properties is presented in the Contact-Zone list-view. The list-view provides a comparative tool to rank the best models based on the similarity of their contacts to the template-structure contacts. All these techniques are interactively linked with other proposed methods, the Exploded view and the Open-Book view, which represent individual configurations in three-dimensional space. These representations solve the high overlap problem associated with many configurations. Using these views, the structural alignment of the best models can also be visually confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a system for the exploration of large sets of protein-protein complexes in a fast and intuitive way. The usefulness of our system has been tested and verified on several docking structures covering the three major types of PPIs, including coiled-coil, pocket-string, and surface-surface interactions. Our case studies prove that our tool helps to analyse and filter protein-protein complexes in a fraction of the time compared to using previously available techniques.

• Klíčová slova
• Contact zone, Protein-protein interaction, Visualization,
• MeSH
• interakční proteinové domény a motivy MeSH
• mapování interakce mezi proteiny metody   MeSH
• proteiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• proteiny MeSH

Atherosclerosis and its complications belong to the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in the developed countries. Far from all cases of early atherosclerosis can be explained by presence of "classical" risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and namely by oxidised forms of lipoproteins of low density, by smoking or due to not fully compensated diabetes mellitus). Our review brings information of another three serious risk factors--homocysteine, lipoprotein (a), and highly sensitive C-reactive protein. Metabolic relations among them are given as well as results of comparatively independent clinical studies and possibilities to influence these risk factors. Though they are comparatively independent, one feature connects them--they participate significantly on the development of endothelial dysfunction, which is supposed to be the initial stadium of atherogenesis.

• MeSH
• arterioskleróza krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein analýza   fyziologie   MeSH
• homocystein krev   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipoprotein (a) krev   fyziologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH
• homocystein MeSH
• lipoprotein (a) MeSH