AIM AND METHODOLOGY: To provide a comprehensive review on new findings and current recommendations regarding antiphospholipid antibodies with particular emphasis on clinical impact on gestation. CONCLUSION: Antiphospholipid antibodies are an important risk factor for the development of a series of pregnancy-related complications. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy can reduce the incidence of pregnancy loss and pregnancy-related complications.

• Klíčová slova
• anti-ß2-glycoprotein I antibodies, anticardiolipin antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies, antiphospholipid syndrome, lupus anticoagulant,
• MeSH
• antifosfolipidové protilátky * krev   imunologie   MeSH
• antifosfolipidový syndrom * imunologie   diagnóza   komplikace   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství * imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antifosfolipidové protilátky * MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ANTIBODIES *,
• MeSH
• bioreaktory * MeSH
• fermentace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• papain * MeSH
• protilátky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• papain * MeSH
• protilátky * MeSH

Flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and yellow fever virus (YFV) are spread by mosquitoes and cause human disease and mortality in tropical areas. In contrast, Powassan virus (POWV), which causes severe neurologic illness, is a flavivirus transmitted by ticks in temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere. We find serologic neutralizing activity against POWV in individuals living in Mexico and Brazil. Monoclonal antibodies P002 and P003, which were derived from a resident of Mexico (where POWV is not reported), neutralize POWV lineage I by recognizing an epitope on the virus envelope domain III (EDIII) that is shared with a broad range of tick- and mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Our findings raise the possibility that POWV, or a flavivirus closely related to it, infects humans in the tropics.

• Klíčová slova
• CP: Immunology, antibodies, flaviviruses, tick diseases,
• MeSH
• epitopy imunologie   MeSH
• Flavivirus imunologie   MeSH
• klíšťata virologie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky * imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky virové imunologie   MeSH
• viry klíšťové encefalitidy imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie MeSH
• Mexiko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• epitopy MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky * MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH

INTRODUCTION: IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Immune complexes, composed of galactose-deficient IgA1 and Gd-IgA1 autoantibodies, are deposited in the mesangial area of the glomeruli where they induce complement-mediated inflammation. This may result in the reduced kidney function, which can progress to end-stage kidney disease. Treatment options are very limited. Treatments which directly affect the formation of pathogenic Gd-IgA1 antibodies and anti-Gd-IgA1 antibody-containing immune complexes are needed. AREAS COVERED: This article reviews potential therapies, namely monoclonal antibodies, that may affect the main axis of pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy with a discussion of their potential impact on the outcome of IgAN. PubMed was used to perform the literature search, which included papers on "treatment of IgA nephropathy"combined with "biological therapy", or 'monoclonal antibodies, atacicept, sibeprenlimab, rituximab, felzartamab, narsoplimab, iptacopan' published up to 2023. EXPERT OPINION: The new treatment options are aimed at the immunopathogenesis of IgAN, including depletion or modulation of Gd-IgA1 producing B cells, plasma cells, alternate or lectin pathway of complement. Monoclonal antibodies may target both B cells and T cells and also the factors needed for their activation and survival, e.g. BAFF or APRIL.

• Klíčová slova
• IgA nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, felzartamab, monoclonal antibodies, narsoplimab, sibeprenlimab, treatment,
• MeSH
• galaktosa metabolismus   MeSH
• IgA nefropatie * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• imunoglobulin A metabolismus   MeSH
• imunokomplex MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• galactosyl-deficient IgA1 MeSH Prohlížeč
• galaktosa MeSH
• imunoglobulin A MeSH
• imunokomplex MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH

Advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are attributed to several aspects such as new classification criteria enabling early diagnosis and intensive treatment with the application of treat-to-target principles as well as better understanding of the pathogenesis of RA contributing to the development of targeted therapies. However, reaching remission is still not achieved in most patients with RA, which is one of the driving forces behind the continuous development of novel therapies and the optimization of therapeutic strategies. This review will outline several new therapeutic antibodies modulating anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-10 and pro-inflammatory mediators granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, fractalkine, and IL-6 that are in various stages of clinical development as well as the progress in manufacturing biotechnologies contributing to the next generation of antibodies and their potential to expand the therapeutic armamentarium for RA. In addition, the fate of unsuccessful therapies including agents targeting IL-15, the IL-20 family, IL-21, chemokine CXCL10, B-cell activating factor (BAFF), and regulatory T (Treg) cells or a novel concept targeting synovial fibroblasts via cadherin-11 will be discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• biological therapies, monoclonal antibodies, rheumatoid arthritis, therapeutic strategies,
• MeSH
• cytokiny imunologie   MeSH
• fibroblasty účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokiny MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH

Four hybridomas making monoclonal antibodies against horseradish peroxidase have been established. Two of them are IgM and two are IgG1 with kappa light chains. Antibody HP-03 has been selected as the most suitable one for preparation of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase complex. Furthermore, optimal conditions for construction and applications of the PAP complex in immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical methods are shown.

• MeSH
• imunoenzymatické techniky * MeSH
• izoelektrický bod MeSH
• křenová peroxidasa imunologie   MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• peroxidasy imunologie   MeSH
• specificita protilátek MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• křenová peroxidasa MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• peroxidasy MeSH

Natural antibodies (Abs) can target host glycans on the surface of pathogens. We studied the evolution of glycan-reactive B cells of rhesus macaques and humans using glycosylated HIV-1 envelope (Env) as a model antigen. 2G12 is a broadly neutralizing Ab (bnAb) that targets a conserved glycan patch on Env of geographically diverse HIV-1 strains using a unique heavy-chain (VH) domain-swapped architecture that results in fragment antigen-binding (Fab) dimerization. Here, we describe HIV-1 Env Fab-dimerized glycan (FDG)-reactive bnAbs without VH-swapped domains from simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)-infected macaques. FDG Abs also recognized cell-surface glycans on diverse pathogens, including yeast and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike. FDG precursors were expanded by glycan-bearing immunogens in macaques and were abundant in HIV-1-naive humans. Moreover, FDG precursors were predominately mutated IgM+IgD+CD27+, thus suggesting that they originated from a pool of antigen-experienced IgM+ or marginal zone B cells.

• Klíčová slova
• FDG Abs, Fab dimerization, HIV-1 Env glycans, IgM-memory B cells, SARS-CoV-2 spike glycans, glycan-dependent Ab binding, marginal zone B cells, natural Abs,
• MeSH
• B-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• COVID-19 imunologie   MeSH
• dimerizace MeSH
• epitopy imunologie   MeSH
• genové produkty env - virus lidské imunodeficience chemie   genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus imunologie   MeSH
• glykosylace MeSH
• HIV infekce imunologie   MeSH
• HIV protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• HIV-1 imunologie   MeSH
• imunoglobuliny - Fab fragmenty chemie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Macaca mulatta MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• polysacharidy chemie   imunologie   MeSH
• receptory antigenů B-buněk chemie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 imunologie   MeSH
• široce neutralizující protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• vakcíny imunologie   MeSH
• virus opičí imunodeficience genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Názvy látek
• epitopy MeSH
• genové produkty env - virus lidské imunodeficience MeSH
• glykoprotein S, koronavirus MeSH
• HIV protilátky MeSH
• imunoglobuliny - Fab fragmenty MeSH
• neutralizující protilátky MeSH
• polysacharidy MeSH
• receptory antigenů B-buněk MeSH
• široce neutralizující protilátky MeSH
• spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 MeSH Prohlížeč
• vakcíny MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ANTIBODIES *, KIDNEY *,
• MeSH
• ledviny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protilátky * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky * MeSH

AIMS: To optimise the ELISA method for the avidity of IgG antibodies against neurofilament heavy chain (NfH) and to determine the levels and avidity of anti-NfH antibodies in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and a healthy control group. METHODS: Various dilutions of sera and concentrations of urea and sodium chloride as chaotropic reagents were tested in the process of the ELISA optimisation. The levels and avidity of anti-NfH antibodies were determined in 30 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 30 age-matched cognitively normal elderly adults. RESULTS: Sera dilution 1:200 and urea as a chaotrope in a concentration 6 mol/L were chosen to be the most suitable for the avidity assay of anti-NfH antibodies by ELISA. The results showed no differences in either level or avidity of IgG anti-NfH antibodies between AD patients and cognitively normal persons. The levels of anti-NfH IgG antibodies inversely correlated with their avidities. CONCLUSIONS: We optimised the ELISA method for the determination of anti-NfH antibody avidity determination which is suitable for research of anti-NfH antibody avidity in patients with neurological diseases associated with neurocytoskeletal defects. The determination of serum anti-NfH antibody avidity in AD patients seems to have limited diagnostic significance.

• Klíčová slova
• Alzheimer's disease, antibodies, avidity, heavy chain of neurofilament, neurofilament,
• MeSH
• afinita protilátek účinky léků   MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc krev   imunologie   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   MeSH
• intermediární filamenta účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protilátky krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• protilátky MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• ANTIBODIES *, RESPIRATORY SYSTEM/diseases *, VIRUS DISEASES/immunology *,
• MeSH
• dýchací soustava * MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoc * MeSH
• nemoci dýchací soustavy * MeSH
• protilátky virové * MeSH
• protilátky * MeSH
• virové nemoci imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• protilátky virové * MeSH
• protilátky * MeSH