Bloodborne pathogens (BBPs) pose formidable challenges in the realm of infectious diseases, representing significant risks to both human and animal health worldwide. The review paper provides a thorough examination of bloodborne pathogens, highlighting the serious worldwide threat they pose and the effects they have on animal and human health. It addresses the potential dangers of exposure that healthcare workers confront, which have affected 3 million people annually, and investigates the many pathways by which these viruses can spread. The limitations of traditional detection techniques like PCR and ELISA have been criticized, which has led to the investigation of new detection methods driven by advances in sensor technology. The objective is to increase the amount of knowledge that is available regarding bloodborne infections as well as effective strategies for their management and detection. This review provides a thorough overview of common bloodborne infections, including their patterns of transmission, and detection techniques.

• Keywords
• biosensors, bloodborne pathogens, diagnosis, rapid detection techniques, transmission,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by Brucella, which poses a great threat to human health and animal husbandry. Pathogen surveillance is an important measure to prevent brucellosis, but the traditional method is time-consuming and not suitable for field applications. In this study, a recombinase polymerase amplification-SYBR Green I (RPAS) assay was developed for the rapid and visualized detection of Brucella in the field by targeting BCSP31 gene, a conserved marker. The method was highly specific without any cross-reactivity with other common bacteria and its detection limit was 2.14 × 104 CFU/mL or g of Brucella at 40 °C for 20 min. It obviates the need for costly instrumentation and exhibits robustness towards background interference in serum, meat, and milk samples. In summary, the RPAS assay is a rapid, visually intuitive, and user-friendly detection that is highly suitable for use in resource-limited settings. Its simplicity and ease of use enable swift on-site detection of Brucella, thereby facilitating timely implementation of preventive measures.

• Keywords
• BCSP31 gene, Brucella, Recombinase polymerase amplification, SYBR Green I, Visualization,
• MeSH
• Brucella * genetics   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Brucellosis * diagnosis   microbiology   MeSH
• DNA, Bacterial genetics   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Limit of Detection MeSH
• Milk microbiology   MeSH
• Recombinases * metabolism   genetics   MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques * methods   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Cattle MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• DNA, Bacterial MeSH
• Recombinases * MeSH

Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) have been linked with various regulatory functions and disorders, such as cancers and heart diseases. They, therefore, present an important target for detection technologies for future medical diagnostics. We report here a novel method for rapid and sensitive miRNA detection and quantitation using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor technology and a DNA*RNA antibody-based assay. The approach takes advantage of a novel high-performance portable SPR sensor instrument for spectroscopy of surface plasmons based on a special diffraction grating called a surface plasmon coupler and disperser (SPRCD). The surface of the grating is functionalized with thiolated DNA oligonucleotides which specifically capture miRNA from a liquid sample without amplification. Subsequently, an antibody that recognizes DNA*RNA hybrids is introduced to bind to the DNA*RNA complex and enhance sensor response to the captured miRNA. This approach allows detection of miRNA in less than 30 min at concentrations down to 2 pM with an absolute amount at high attomoles. The methodology is evaluated for analysis of miRNA from mouse liver tissues and is found to yield results which agree well with those provided by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

• MeSH
• Biosensing Techniques methods   MeSH
• DNA MeSH
• Nucleic Acid Hybridization immunology   MeSH
• Liver chemistry   MeSH
• Limit of Detection MeSH
• Methods MeSH
• MicroRNAs analysis   MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Surface Plasmon Resonance methods   MeSH
• Antibodies MeSH
• RNA MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Evaluation Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Names of Substances
• DNA MeSH
• MicroRNAs MeSH
• Antibodies MeSH
• RNA MeSH

The presented work describes the development and validation of a rapid UHPLC-UV/CAD method using a core-shell particle column for the separation and quantitative analysis of seven plant sterols and stanols. The phytosterols (ergosterol, brassicasterol, campesterol, fucosterol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol) and the phytostanol stigmastanol were separated and analyzed in 8.5min. The sample pre-treatment procedure was optimized to be less time-consuming than any other published method, especially due to no need of derivatization, evaporation and even reconstitution step. The chromatographic separation was performed on the Kinetex 1.7μ Phenyl-hexyl column (100×2.1mm) with a mobile phase acetonitrile/water according to the gradient program at a flow rate of 0.9mLmin-1 and a temperature of 60°C. A tandem connection of PDA and CAD (Corona Charged Aerosol Detector) was used and both detection techniques were compared. The method was validated using saponification as a first step in sample pre-treatment and an universal CAD as the detector. Recoveries for all analyzed compounds were between 95.4% and 103.4% and relative standard deviation ranged from 1.0% to 5.8% for within-day and from 1.4% to 6.7% for between-day repeatability. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.4-0.6μgmL-1 for standard solutions and 0.3-1.2μgmL-1 for phytosterols in real samples. Although several gradient programs and different stationary phases were tested, two compounds, campesterol and campestanol, were not separated. Their peak was quantified as a sum of both analytes.

• Keywords
• Core–shell column, Corona-charged aerosol detector (CAD), Plant extracts, Plant sterols, Stanols, UHPLC,
• MeSH
• Aerosols MeSH
• Phytosterols MeSH
• Sitosterols MeSH
• Sterols MeSH
• Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Aerosols MeSH
• Phytosterols MeSH
• gamma-sitosterol MeSH Browser
• Sitosterols MeSH
• Sterols MeSH

PCR and SYBR Green I real-time PCR techniques were applied to the rapid detection of Vibrio metschnikovii by designing primers based on infC (initiation factor 3) gene sequence. The specificity, sensitivity, and practical applications of the methods have been also analyzed. The methods showed high detecting specificity with no cross amplifications of other closely related and nonrelated species; they provide a simple and rapid tool for V. metschnikovii detection with high sensitivity and specificity.

• MeSH
• Bacteriological Techniques methods   MeSH
• Staining and Labeling methods   MeSH
• Benzothiazoles MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Quinolines MeSH
• Diamines MeSH
• DNA Primers genetics   MeSH
• Water Microbiology * MeSH
• Organic Chemicals metabolism   MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction methods   MeSH
• Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3 genetics   MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Vibrio isolation & purification   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Evaluation Study MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Benzothiazoles MeSH
• Quinolines MeSH
• Diamines MeSH
• DNA Primers MeSH
• Organic Chemicals MeSH
• Prokaryotic Initiation Factor-3 MeSH
• SYBR Green I MeSH Browser

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COVID-19 pandemic that has been spreading around the world since December 2019. More than 10 million affected cases and more than half a million deaths have been reported so far, while no vaccine is yet available as a treatment. Considering the global healthcare urgency, several techniques, including whole genome sequencing and computed tomography imaging have been employed for diagnosing infected people. Considerable efforts are also directed at detecting and preventing different modes of community transmission. Among them is the rapid detection of virus presence on different surfaces with which people may come in contact. Detection based on non-contact optical techniques is very helpful in managing the spread of the virus, and to aid in the disinfection of surfaces. Nanomaterial-based methods are proven suitable for rapid detection. Given the immense need for science led innovative solutions, this manuscript critically reviews recent literature to specifically illustrate nano-engineered effective and rapid solutions. In addition, all the different techniques are critically analyzed, compared, and contrasted to identify the most promising methods. Moreover, promising research ideas for high accuracy of detection in trace concentrations, via color change and light-sensitive nanostructures, to assist fingerprint techniques (to identify the virus at the contact surface of the gas and solid phase) are also presented.

• Keywords
• COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, point-of-use, rapid detection of virus,
• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus genetics   MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• Genome, Viral genetics   MeSH
• Coronavirus Infections diagnosis   MeSH
• Metal Nanoparticles chemistry   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Nanotechnology methods   MeSH
• Pandemics MeSH
• Metal-Organic Frameworks chemistry   MeSH
• RNA, Viral genetics   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• Whole Genome Sequencing MeSH
• Pneumonia, Viral diagnosis   MeSH
• Point-of-Care Systems * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Metal-Organic Frameworks MeSH
• RNA, Viral MeSH

An original liquid medium and a field broth bottle method for the rapid detection of the most probable number of sulfide-producing bacteria (SPB) from sulfate and thiosulfate are described. The broth bottle method enables after inoculation with a sample (water, sediment) the growth of ubiquitous aerobic bacteria, causing oxygen depletion, required for the growth of the present various anaerobic and facultative anaerobic SPB. The medium regularly gives higher numbers of the SPB than the used control medium (Postgate's E) for detection of sulfate-reducing bacteria and the final results are obtained just 36 h after the medium inoculation. The method is simple and suitable for the estimation of the physiological group of SPB in fresh waters, saline waters, sediments and industrial waters.

• MeSH
• Bacteria growth & development   isolation & purification   metabolism   MeSH
• Bacteriological Techniques MeSH
• Geologic Sediments microbiology   MeSH
• Culture Media MeSH
• Seawater microbiology   MeSH
• Colony Count, Microbial MeSH
• Sulfates metabolism   MeSH
• Fresh Water microbiology   MeSH
• Sulfides metabolism   MeSH
• Thiosulfates metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Culture Media MeSH
• Sulfates MeSH
• Sulfides MeSH
• Thiosulfates MeSH

The methodology for separations of saccharides in standard electrophoretic systems has been transferred to the short-capillary electrophoresis format. The laboratory-designed apparatus used employs a quartz capillary with an internal diameter of 10 μm, a total length of 10 cm, and an effective length of 4 cm, in combination with contactless conductivity detection. It has been applied to separations of neutral mono- and disaccharides. The saccharides are separated in the anionic form, in solutions of alkali hydroxides, namely, KOH, NaOH, and LiOH. The separation of a model mixture of five saccharides (sucrose, lactose, glucose, fructose, and ribose) takes less than 1 min, the LOD equaling 15, 35, 19, 17, and 24 mg L(-1) and the LOQ equaling 52, 117, 63, 53, and 79 mg L(-1) for sucrose, lactose, glucose, fructose, and ribose, respectively. The technique developed has been used to determine sucrose, glucose and fructose in high-energy drinks. The separation is finished within less than 50 s; the saccharide contents determined are identical with the declared values within the reliability interval in most cases, the RSD value being mostly less than 2%. In general, the separation system developed is very convenient for rapid analyses of large sets of similar samples, e.g., in product quality control or environmental monitoring.

• MeSH
• Time Factors MeSH
• Equipment Design MeSH
• Electric Conductivity MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Capillary economics   instrumentation   MeSH
• Energy Drinks analysis   MeSH
• Limit of Detection MeSH
• Monosaccharides analysis   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Sucrose analysis   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Evaluation Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Monosaccharides MeSH
• Sucrose MeSH

There is increased interest in the investigation and implementation of rapid screening methods for detection of pesticide residues. This study reports development of an immunostrip test for thiabendazole detection based on indirect competitive principle using carbon particles as a label. Nitrocellulose membrane strip was coated with a thiabendazole-protein conjugate in the defined test zone. In flow of an antibody-carbon complex and thiabendazole along the strip, the intensity of black colour formed in the test line reflected the thiabendazole concentration and semi-quantitative estimation could be carried out visually. The optimized test was accomplished within 10 min and the visual detection limit was achieved 0.25 ng mL(-1) of standard sample. Moreover, immunostrip was evaluated quantitatively using scanning densitometry. Based on standard curve, the detection limit of the proposed test was as low as 0.08+/-0.03 ng mL(-1) with an IC(50) value of 0.60+/-0.08 ng mL(-1) and a linear working range of 0.11-4.13 ng mL(-1). Results of testing precision, stability, and specificity demonstrated that the assay provided a reliable performance. This immunostrip was applied to analysis of spiked fruit juices in range of 0.05-5 mg L(-1). Matrix interferences were avoided by simple dilution of samples. Both visual and instrumental evaluations indicated a good agreement with results obtained by ELISA. Recoveries from juices were from 81.9 to 123.6% and relative standard deviations ranged from 9.9 to 19.3%. The developed strip offers potential as a useful rapid and simple method for screening of thiabendazole in fruit juices at levels far below the maximum residue limits.

• MeSH
• Biosensing Techniques instrumentation   standards   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay MeSH
• Immunoassay instrumentation   standards   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Colloids MeSH
• Food Contamination analysis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Maximum Allowable Concentration MeSH
• Beverages analysis   MeSH
• Fruit chemistry   MeSH
• Antibodies MeSH
• Pesticide Residues analysis   immunology   MeSH
• Thiabendazole analysis   immunology   MeSH
• Carbon MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Evaluation Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Colloids MeSH
• Antibodies MeSH
• Pesticide Residues MeSH
• Thiabendazole MeSH
• Carbon MeSH

The analysis of dietary supplements is far less regulated than pharmaceuticals, leading to potential quality issues. Considering their positive effect, many athletes consume supplements containing L-histidine and β-alanine. A new microfluidic method for the determination of L-histidine and β-alanine in dietary supplement formulations has been developed. For the first time, capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was employed for the microchip electrophoresis of amino acids in real samples. A linear relationship between detector response and concentration was observed in the range of 10-100 µmol L-1 for L-histidine (R2 = 0.9968) and β-alanine (R2 = 0.9954), while achieved limits of detection (3 × S/N ratio) were 4.2 µmol L-1 and 5.2 µmol L-1, respectively. The accuracy of the method was confirmed using recovery experiments as well as CE-UV-VIS and HPLC-UV-VIS techniques. The developed method allows unambiguous identification of amino acids in native form without chemical derivatization and with the possibility of simultaneous analysis of amino acids with metal cations.

• Keywords
• l-Histidine, Amino acids, Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, Dietary supplements, Microchip electrophoresis, β-Alanine,
• MeSH
• beta-Alanine * analysis   chemistry   MeSH
• Electric Conductivity * MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Microchip * methods   MeSH
• Histidine * analysis   chemistry   MeSH
• Limit of Detection MeSH
• Dietary Supplements * analysis   MeSH
• Glass chemistry   MeSH
• Green Chemistry Technology methods   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• beta-Alanine * MeSH
• Histidine * MeSH