The importance of mitochondria for a typical aerobic eukaryotic cell is undeniable, as the list of necessary mitochondrial processes is steadily growing. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of mitochondrial biology of an early-branching parasitic protist, Trypanosoma brucei, a causative agent of serious human and cattle diseases. We present a comprehensive survey of its mitochondrial pathways including kinetoplast DNA replication and maintenance, gene expression, protein and metabolite import, major metabolic pathways, Fe-S cluster synthesis, ion homeostasis, organellar dynamics, and other processes. As we describe in this chapter, the single mitochondrion of T. brucei is everything but simple and as such rivals mitochondria of multicellular organisms.

Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic; Present address Salk Institute La Jolla San Diego USA

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Republic

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic; Present address Institut für Zytobiologie und Zytopathologie Philipps Universität Marburg Germany

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Republic; Present address Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Czech Republic; Present address Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius University Bratislava Slovakia; Present address Faculty of Sciences Charles University Prague Czech Republic

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